scholarly journals Intermittent feeding programme and addition of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> based probiotics to the diet of growing broiler chickens: Influence on growth, hepatic enzymes and serum lipid metabolites profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Aliakbarpour ◽  
M. Chamani ◽  
G. Rahimi ◽  
A. A. Sadeghi ◽  
D. Qujeq
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Intermittent feeding programme (IFP) and Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic (BSP) addition in diet on liver malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, lipid metabolism and performance in broiler chickens. Five hundred and four one-day old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated in four experimental treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Groups T1 (control diet) and T3 (Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic diet) were fed ad libitum, whereas groups T2 (control diet) and T4 (Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic diet) served as IFP from day 8 to the end of the experiment. The data on initial body weight, weekly feed consumption and body weight gain were recorded up to six weeks of age. Carcass composition, blood parameters and hepatic enzyme activity were measured at the end of the experiment. Although body weight gain was not significantly different among any of the treatments, the birds raised under IFP consumed significantly (P<0.05) lower feed (207 g) and utilized their feed more efficiently (1.78) than those of the control group fed ad libitum (1.84). Carcass weight as a percentage of live weight was not affected by probiotic supplementation on the diet, but IFP significantly reduced (P<0.05) broiler carcass weight. However, the liver malic and isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was not significantly different between IFP and BSP groups. All serum lipid metabolites concentration decreased (P<0.05) with probiotic treatment. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation with BSP may influence the pathway of fat metabolism through promotion and/or suppression of serum lipid metabolites.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Groundnut Cake with Blood Vegetable Waste Meal in the Diets of Weaner Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Adedayo Abiodun Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Ad Libitum

A total of seventy-two weaner rabbits of eight weeks of age were used to assess the effects of replacing groundnut cake (GNC) with blood vegetable waste meal (BVWM) in the diets of rabbits. The BVWM was fed to replace dietary GNC at 0, 15, 30, and 45%, with GNC being 15% in the control diet. The four experimental diets were fed ad libitum for a period of eight weeks. BVWM was analyzed to contain a crude protein value of 62.35%. There were comparable feed intake values by rabbits on all the diets although the rabbits in the higher replacement levels of BVWM tended to have consumed more of the feed. There were significant increases (P<0.05) in body weight gain by rabbits as the BVWM level increased in the diet. Similarly, the feed to gain ratio improved and nitrogen digestibility increased (P<0.05) with higher levels of BVWM in the diet. This study shows that rabbits can tolerate the 45% BVWM replacement of groundnut cake effectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa H. Sewid ◽  
Ahmed H. Arisha ◽  
Amir H. abd El-fattah ◽  
Adel M. Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Real Time Qpcr ◽  
Junction Proteins

Phytogenic feed additives have been gaining considerable interest due to their ability to improve gut health and thereby performance of broiler chickens. The impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) extract (GE) on expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins and gut protection and Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers has not been discussed until now. Thus, the current study assessed the effective dose of GE for maximum growth in broiler chickens, clear-cut molecular mechanisms related to integrity and health of intestine, and controlling C. jejuni colonization. Over a 35-day feeding period, a total of 500 Ross broiler chicks were allocated to five groups; the first group was fed a control diet without GE and the second group to the fifth group were fed a control diet with GE (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg of diet); each group comprised 100 chicks with 10 replicates (10 birds/replicate). Birds fed GE had an improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the highest body weight gain was observed in the group that received 1 g/kg of GE (P &lt; 0.05). The expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins [occludin and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)] was upregulated in all groups supplemented with GE. Moreover, birds fed 1 g/kg of GE exhibited the maximum gene expression of occludin and JAM [0.2 and 0.3 fold change, respectively (P &lt; 0.05)]. In relation to enterocyte protective genes [glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-6)], use of GE significantly upregulated expression of GLP-2 gene with 0.8 fold change in 2 g/kg of the GE supplemented group (P &lt; 0.05) while the expression of FABP-6 gene was not affected by GE supplementation (P &gt; 0.05). After challenge with C. jejuni, the expression of mucin (MUC-2) gene was upregulated and the inflammatory markers such as Toll-like receptors (TLR-4) and interleukin (IL-1β) were downregulated with increasing level of supplemented GE (P &lt; 0.05). The mean log10 count of C. jejuni in cecal samples after 7 days post-infection by culture and real-time qPCR was decreased in groups fed GE in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the highest reduction of C. jejuni count in cecal samples by culture and real-time qPCR was observed in the group fed 2 g/kg of GE (2.58 and 2.28 log10 CFU/g, respectively). Results from this study suggested that G. glabra extract (1 g/kg) improved growth performance of broiler chickens, as well as influenced the maintenance of intestinal integrity and reduced C. jejuni shedding from infected birds.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding Bacillus subtilis to heat stressed broiler chickens with or without an antibiotic growth promoter

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Chandra Roy ◽  
Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Improved Performance

The effects of feeding probiotic (PB) with or without Lincomycin 2.2% (AGP) were investigated in broiler chickens during summer. Seven hundred Cobb-500 one day old straight run broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments each of five replications. Four diets were compared: control; control diet plus PB (Bacillus subtilis DSM17299) at a level of 50g/100kg; control plus (AGP) at a level of 15g/100kg and control plus a combination of PB and AGP (50gm/100kg and 15g/100kg respectively). Control birds were fed on a corn-soybean based starter mash that contained ME 3000 kcal/kg and CP 24.39% from 0-21 days of age and a corn-soybean based grower mash of ME 3100 kcal/kg and CP 20.43% during 22-35 days of age. The records were kept of feed intake (FI), body weight and mortality while weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survivability were calculated. Temperature and humidity were recorded four times daily except during extreme heat stress when measurements were made more frequently. One bird that was close to average of pen weight was taken from each replication at the end of the trial and the birds were sacrificed to determine carcass characteristics. Both performance and carcass yield data were statistically analyzed. Birds that received PB and a combination of PB +AGP treatments showed significant differences (P<0.01) from control with respect to body weight gain and FCR while feeding AGP alone although showed a decrease in feed intake. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in PB treated birds. Higher mortality was encountered in control group. Both PB alone and a combination of AGP treatments were able to show improved performance and reduced mortality, feeding PB alone may be practiced on the combined grounds of improved performance, efficiency in combating heat stress and to discourage the use of AGP in broiler diet.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 80-88

scholarly journals Dietary Encapsulated Essential Oils Improve Production Performance of Coccidiosis Vaccine-challenged Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Woo Lee ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Yoo Bhin Kim ◽  
Su-Been Jeong ◽  
Sungtaek Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Production Performance

The present study was conducted to evaluate encapsulated essential oils as an alternative anticoccidial in coccidiosis vaccine challenged broiler chickens. A total of 600 day-old male broiler chicks were provided with no-added corn-soybean meal-based control diet or diets that contained either salinomycin or EO at 60 and 120 mg per kg of diet. On day 21, half of the control groups were orally challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine at 25 times higher than the recommended vaccine dose. During 22 to 28 days (i.e., one-week post coccidiosis vaccine challenge), the challenged chickens had decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in body weight gain and feed intake but increase in feed conversion ratio compared with the non-challenged, na&iuml;ve control chickens. However, dietary EO significantly counteracted (P &lt; 0.05) coccidiosis vaccine-induced depression in body weight gain and feed intake. Increasing dietary EO linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the concentrations of the volatile fatty acids. Dietary SAL and EO affected gut morphology in chickens at 20 days posthatch. Increasing dietary EO linearly (P = 0.073) increased serum catalase activity. Collectively, our study shows that dietary EO increased coccidiosis vaccine-induced growth depression and altered gut physiology in broiler chickens.

VOMITOXIN-CONTAMINATED WHEAT IN PIG DIETS: PREGNANT AND LACTATING GILTS AND WEANERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of including vomitoxin-contaminated wheat (VCW) containing 6.9 mg vomitoxin per kilogram in the complete diet of gilts during gestation and lactation (3 wk) and in the initial diet of weanling pigs up to approximately 23 kg liveweight. Four groups of four littermate gilts were assigned to four dietary treatments (one littermate per treatment) as follows: (1) control with 69% clean wheat (CW) in the diet with 16% crude protein; (2) 1/3 replacement of the CW with VCW; (3) 2/3 replacement of the CW with VCW; and (4) 100% replacement of the CW with the VCW. During gestation gilts were fed 2.3 kg/day of the diet in two meals, and the same diet ad libitum during lactation. The level of vomitoxin (VT) did not have any detrimental effect on body weight change of the gilt during gestation and after farrowing. Ad libitum feed consumption of the gilts during lactation was not significantly different among treatments. Litter size and weight at birth and at weaning time was not affected by the level of VT intake during gestation. One hundred and four weanling piglets (56 males and 48 females) weighing approximately 7.0 kg each were included in an 8-wk feeding trial. Four dietary treatments, including the control diet (treatment 1), contained 73.2% CW and 22% crude protein, and treatments 2, 3 and 4 in which VCW replaced 1/3, 2/3 and 100% CW, respectively. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body weight gain in the 8-wk period was observed only when 100% of the cereal included in the diet was VCW. This effect was due to a significant reduction in feed consumption of the piglets. Thus, feed efficiency was not affected by the level of VT content of the diet. Key words: Vomitoxin, reproduction, weaners, wheat

scholarly journals Keragaan Produksi Ayam Broiler Pada Berbagai Metode Pemberian Pakan dan Tipe Lantai Kandang

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Sukartha Jaya ◽  
Ni Ketut Dewi Haryani ◽  
Asnawi Asnawi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Cage Floor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the restriction of feed and the type of cage floor as well as its interaction to production performance in broiler chickens. This study will use 100 DOC (Day Old Chick) day old which consists of 90 major research and an additional 10 to see the state over crowded. The treatments consisted of two factors: The first factor restrictions on feeding consists of: (1) Without limiting the feed (ad libitum), (2) Restrictions feed 15%, and (3) skip a day (feeding hoses one day). The second factor is the type of cage floor consists of: (1) Floor-type wire cages (cage), and (2) Floor type cage litter. The result of this research showed that ad libitum, restricted feeding 15% and skip a day feeding were significantly (P £ 0.01) influence to final body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption kumulatif, and feed conversion. While type cages and interaction were no significantly (P ³ 0.05) on all variable production of broiler chicken.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

scholarly journals Fishmeal Replacement with Hermetia illucens Meal in Aquafeeds: Effects on Zebrafish Growth Performances, Intestinal Morphometry, and Enzymology

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Rosario Licitra ◽  
Carlo Bibbiani ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Mahanama De Zoysa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Fish Intestine ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

Fishmeal (FM) is still the most important protein source in aquafeeds. However, due to the reduction of wild fish stocks used for FM production, its manufacturing it is now unsustainable. Insect meal represents a valid alternative to FM, due to the low carbon footprint of its production and its high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of replacing FM with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal (HIM) in aquafeeds, using zebrafish as the animal model. Four diets were formulated with increasing HIM/FM replacement rate (the control diet contained 20% FM). Mortality rates, growth performances, and feed consumptions were measured, and fish intestine samples were collected for histological and enzymatic analysis. After 49 days, all groups almost tripled their initial body weight (cumulative body weight gain ranged between 143.9 and 155.2 mg), and no statistically significant differences among treatments were observed in relation to growth performances and histological traits. Contrarily, trypsin, alkaline phosphatases, and alpha amylase–glucoamylase activities were significantly reduced when the FM replacement rate was increased. In conclusion, HIM may represent an alternative to FM, since no adverse effects were observed when it was included up to 20% in the zebrafish diet, even when replacing 100% of the FM.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Halloysite Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Broiler House Environmental Parameters

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Marcin Wojciech Lis ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Broiler House

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing broiler chickens’ diets with halloysite on daily body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily water consumption (DWC), and some broiler house hygiene parameters. The trial was conducted on 18,000 broiler chickens divided into two groups throughout the 42-day (D) rearing period. The birds were fed complete diets without (group C) or with halloysite addition (1%, group E) from D8 of rearing. No difference in the mortality rate was observed between groups C and E. Birds from group E had a tendency (0.05 < p < 0.10) towards a higher body weight at D32 and D42, a higher BWG, and a lower FCR compared to group C during the entire rearing period. Average DWC differed only in the finisher period, with a tendency towards lower overall DWC in group E. The concentration of ammonia in the air from D21 to D35 was increased more than 5-fold in group C but only 1.5-fold in group E. In conclusion, the use of halloysite as a feed additive in the diet of broiler chickens resulted in a reduction in feed consumption per unit of BWG and higher utilisation of crude protein, which led to improved environmental conditions.

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