Response of cow pea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to CO2 enrichment environment on growth, dry-matter production and yield components at different stages of vegetative and reproductive growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Bhattacharya ◽  
N. C. Bhattacharya ◽  
P. K. Biswas ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Total Seed

SUMMARYThis study examines the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on vegetative and reproductive growth and partitioning of biomass during pod and seed development of cow pea in controlled environment chambers at 350, 675, and 1000μl CO2/l.The length of main stem and branches, the number of leaves and branches, and leaf area were all greater at high CO2 than at low CO2 concentration. The appearance of flowers was 10–12 days earlier in high CO2 than in ambient CO2 atmosphere. The senescence of leaves started about 7 days earlier in plants grown at 675 and 1000 μl CO2/l than in those grown at 350 μl CO2/l. The rate of leaf senescence was more rapid in 1000 μl/l than in 675 μl CO2/l. The dry weight of roots, stems and leaves increased with CO2 enrichment, being greater in 675 μl/l than in 1000 μl CO2/l. Plants grown in 675 and 1000 μ1/1 produced more pods and seeds than in 350 μl CO2/l. Total seed weight and number of pods, as well as number of seeds per pod, were significantly greater in CO2 enriched atmosphere than ambient CO2 level. Although CO2 enrichment caused a significant increase in the total number and weight of seeds as well as pods, it did not affect the ratio of seed dry weight to the total dry weight of above-ground plant parts (harvest index). It is concluded from the present investigation that CO2 enrichment significantly enhanced vegetative as well as reproductive growth resulting in the increase in yield and early plant maturation in this leguminous crop.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

Effects of CO2 enrichment on growth of Liquidambarstyraciflua and Pinustaeda seedlings under different irradiance levels

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Tolley ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used to assess the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment on growth and biomass partitioning of Liquidambarstyraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinustaeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings. Plants were grown from seed under high (1000 μmol•m−2•s−1) and low (250 μmol•m−2•s−1) photosynthetic photon flux density at CO2 concentrations of 350, 675, and 1000 μL•L−1 for 84 or 112–113 days. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration significantly increased height, leaf area, basal stem diameter, and total dry weight of sweetgum seedlings grown under high irradiance and to a lesser extent under low irradiance. Increases in dry matter accumulation were associated with early CO2 enhancement of net assimilation rate, but increases in amount of leaf surface area contributed more towards maintenance of larger size as seedlings aged. For sweetgum seedlings in particular, reduction of growth by low irradiance under normal atmospheric CO2 was compensated for by growing plants with elevated CO2. In contrast, elevated CO2 concentration produced no significant increase in growth of loblolly pine seedlings.

The effect of autotetraploidy in five varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.).

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Hutton ◽  
JW Peak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Induced autotetraploidy in the Dwalganup variety of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) resulted in total dry weight increases of 60 and 65.5 per cent. at flowering and maturity respectively. In the other four varieties the tetraploids had decreased yields of dry matter compared with the diploids, although the decreases for leaf weights at flowering were nonsignificant in Mount Barker and Tallarook, as was the total dry weight reduction in Tallarook at maturity. There were no significant differences between the diploids and tetraploids in percentage moisture content. When early development was stimulated by growth in a glass-house, the tetraploids of all varieties showed a significant increase in yield of green matter. The level of increased growth was maintained only in Dwalganup, and decreased in other varieties during flowering. An analysis was made of the way in which the different plant parts mere changed by tetraploidy. Where decreased growth occurred, the leaves and stems were coarser. In all varieties a reduced seed-setting followed autotetraploidy, although in Dwalganup the yield of seed per plant was not affected.

Application of Sewage Sludge and Its Impact on Soil Characteristics, Including Morphological and Biochemical Properties of Vigna radiata Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Basim Y. Alkhafaji ◽  
Roaa Jafar Elkheralla ◽  
Ahmed Salman Abdulhasan
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Characters

This experiment was conducted in pots to study the effects of sewage sludge application on some morphological, physiological and accumulation characters of Vigna radiata. The experiment contained the following treatments: control (C) 0 gm sludge/30 kg soil, (T1) 300 gm sludge/30 kg soil, (T2) 600 gm sludge/30 kg soil and (T3) 900 gm sludge/30 kg soil. All sludge treatments showed a significant increase in all morphological, physiological and accumulation characters compared with control. (T2 ) treatment gave a significant increase as compared to other treatments in all morphological characters (height of the plant, leaf area, and total dry weight for shoots and roots). It increased by 34.1 cm, 33.1 cm2, 29.8 gm and 3.3 gm, respectively, compared with the control. T2 treatment also gave significant values in all physiological characters (chlorophyll and protein content) as compared to other treatments and the control treatment, (2.60 μg/gm and 17.7%) respectively compared with the control. T3 treatment showed a higher accumulation of Cd and Pb in all plant parts, the root system showed greater susceptibility to bioaccumulation than the shoot system for both the heavy metals.

The effects of salt and boron on growth of wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Holloway ◽  
AM Alston
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Warigal) was grown in a glasshouse in deep pots (0.125 x 0.125 x 1.2 m) containing sieved solonized brown soil (calcixerollic xerochrept) comprising 0.2 m sandy loam topsoil above 0.6 m treated calcareous sandy loam subsoil and a base layer of light clay 0.26 m thick. The subsoil was treated with a mixture of salts (0, 13, 39, 75 mmolc kg-1) and with boric acid (0, 20, 38 and 73 mg B kg-1) in factorial combination. The soil was initially watered to field capacity and water use was determined by regularly weighing the pots. The soil was allowed to dry gradually during the season, but the weights of the pots were not permitted to fall below that corresponding to 17% of the available water holding capacity of the soil. Tillering, dry weight of shoots and grain, and root length density were determined. Water-use efficiency was calculated with respect to total dry weight and grain production. Salt decreased tillering, dry matter production, grain yield, root length and water-use efficiency (total dry weight): it increased sodium and decreased boron concentrations in the plants. Boron decreased dry matter production (but not tillering), grain yield, root length and water-use efficiency (total dry weight and grain yield): it increased the concentrations of boron and decreased the concentration of sodium in the plants. At the concentrations of salt and boron used (which cover the range normally encountered in subsoils in much of Upper Eyre Peninsula), boron had more deleterious effects on wheat than did salt. Yield was depressed by salt at concentrations of sodium in the tissue commonly found in field-grown plants.

Seismic stress effects on vegetative and reproductive development of ‘Alaska’ pea

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Akers ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Carbon Assimilation Rate ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Seismic Stress

Vegetative and reproductive growth responses of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) to periodic seismic (shaking) stress were investigated during fall, winter, and spring seasons in a greenhouse. Growth changes caused by equivalent shaking treatment varied quantitatively among seasons, with the least response occurring during winter, but they were qualitatively similar during all three seasons. Shaking caused significant reduction in all growth parameters measured except root dry weight and leaf number after 16 days of treatment. Reproductive growth responses to shaking (occurring from 16 to 35 days of treatment) included delay of anthesis but no difference in number of fruits set after as much as 35 days of treatment. Seismic stress significantly reduced the number but not the weight of individual seeds per pod. Mean relative shoot growth rate was reduced by shaking during reproductive as well as vegetative growth. During both periods of development this response was caused almost entirely by inhibition of net carbon assimilation rate.

Assessment of the nitrogen status of field-grown canola (Brassica napus) by plant analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hocking ◽  
P. J. Randall ◽  
D. De Marco ◽  
I. Bamforth
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
N Status

Summary. Field trials were conducted over 2 seasons at Greenethorpe and Canowindra in the Cowra region of New South Wales to develop and calibrate plant tests for assessing the nitrogen (N) status of canola (Brassica napus). Plants were tested at 3 and 7 growth stages up to the start of flowering at Greenethorpe and Canowindra, respectively. The petiole of the youngest mature leaf (YML) was the most suitable plant part to sample for tests based on nitrate-N. Suitable plant parts for tests based on total N were the YML petiole or lamina, or the whole shoot. There was good agreement between the 2 sites in the just-adequate fertiliser N rates (rates giving 90% of maximum yield) and the critical N concentrations in the plant parts tested. Critical nitrate-N concentrations in the fresh YML petiole for dry matter production at the time of sampling the plants decreased from 1.62 to 0.14 mg nitrate-N/g fresh weight between the 4–5 leaf rosette stage (4–5 RS) and the start of flowering (SF). Critical nitrate-N concentrations in the dry YML petiole decreased from 16.5 to 0.8 mg/g dry weight between 4–5 RS and SF. Critical total N concentrations decreased from 4.5 to 2.0, 7.2 to 5.0 and 6.2 to 2.8% dry weight, in the YML petiole, YML lamina, and whole shoot, respectively, between 4–5 RS and SF. Critical nitrate-N and total N concentrations for assessing potential seed yield were similar to those for dry matter production at the time of sampling for each of the growth stages. The critical total N concentrations obtained for the YML petiole and lamina, and the whole shoot before the start of stem elongation are likely to be less precise than the critical nitrate-N concentrations in the YML petiole because of the limited response of total N concentrations to increasing rates of fertiliser N. However, total N in the YML petiole or lamina, or in the whole shoot may be a better indicator of N status for plants sampled after the start of stem elongation as nitrate-N concentrations become low and more variable, and it is harder to identify the YML. The decline in critical N concentrations must be taken into account when interpreting the results of plant tests for diagnosing the N status of canola, as sampling needs to correspond to the plant growth stage for which a particular critical N concentration has been obtained.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of the Main Greek Oriental Tobacco Cultivars

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
AG Sficas ◽  
IC Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Total Dry Weight

AbstractGrowth and development of seven Oriental tobacco cultivars, representing aromatic, neutral and taste type tobacco grown in Greece, were studied at Drama, Greece, during 1982 and 1983. The growing period from transplanting to flowering ranged from 65 to 80 days and was the same for both years. plant height increase followed a sigmoid curve, the number of harvestable leaves developed almost linearly with time, and total dry weight production and leaf area increase can be described by a logarithmic curve. The effect of year on all parameters was significant, but cultivar differences were consistent. Assimilation rates during the whole period ranged from 0.1 g to 3.0 g per day per plant in 1982, and from 0.1 g to 2.7 g in 1983. Dry weight distribution in the plant parts and final yield production for the cultivars tested were also recorded.

scholarly journals Interactions of CO2 Enrichment and Temperature on Carbohydrate Production and Accumulation in Muskmelon Leaves

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Acock ◽  
M.C. Acock ◽  
D. Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

We examined how temperature and stage of vegetative growth affect carbohydrate production and accumulation in Cucumis melo L. `Haogen' grown at various CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). Carbohydrate production was measured by net assimilation rate either on a leaf-area basis (NARa) or a leaf dry-weight basis (NARw); carbohydrate accumulation was measured by leaf starch plus sugar content. Twenty-four- and 35-day-old muskmelon plants were grown for 11 days in artificially lighted cabinets at day/night temperatures of 20/20 or 40/20C and at [CO2] of 300 or 1500 μl·liter-1. NARa and NARw both increased with increasing [CO2], but the CO2 effect was smaller at low temperature, especially for plants at the later stage of vegetative growth. NARw was a better indicator of total dry-weight gain than was NARa. Both suboptimal temperatures and CO2 enrichment caused carbohydrates to accumulate in the leaves at both stages of vegetative growth. NARw was correlated negatively with leaf starch plus sugar content. The rate of decrease in NARw with increasing leaf starch plus sugar content was significantly greater for CO2-enriched plants. Leaf starch plus sugar content >0.03 to 0.04 kg·kg-1 of leaf residual dry weight at the end of a dark period may indicate that temperature is suboptimal for growth. Plants grown at the same temperature had higher leaf starch plus sugar content if they were CO2-enriched than if grown in ambient [CO2], suggesting that an optimal temperature for growth in ambient [CO2] may be suboptimal in elevated [CO2].

scholarly journals Dry Matter Allocation and Loss in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helanthus tuberosus, L.) during Growth and Field Storage

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503A-503
Author(s):  
Wayne J. McLaurin ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Jerusalem artichokes are one of a small number of crops that store carbon predominately in the form of inulin, a straight chain fructosan. There has been a tremendous increase in interest in inulin due to its dietary health benefits for humans and calorie replacement potential in processed foods. We measured the allocation of dry matter within the crop (cv. Sunckoke) during an entire growth cycle by harvesting plants over a 40-week period (2-week intervals) from initial planting through field storage. Plant characters assessed were: no. of basal stems, leaves, branches, flowers, and tubers; the dry weight of leaves, branches, flowers, tubers, and fibrous roots; and date of flowering. Total dry weight of above-ground plant parts increased until 18 weeks after planting (22 Aug.) and then progressively decreased thereafter. Tuber dry weight began to increase rapidly ≈4 weeks (19 Sept.) after the peak in above-ground dry weight, suggesting that dry matter within the aerial portion of the plant was being recycled into the storage organs. Tuber dry weight continued to increase during the latter part of the growing season, even after the first frost. Final tuber yield was 13.6 MT of dry matter/ha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document