Assessment of the nitrogen status of field-grown canola (Brassica napus) by plant analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hocking ◽  
P. J. Randall ◽  
D. De Marco ◽  
I. Bamforth
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
N Status

Summary. Field trials were conducted over 2 seasons at Greenethorpe and Canowindra in the Cowra region of New South Wales to develop and calibrate plant tests for assessing the nitrogen (N) status of canola (Brassica napus). Plants were tested at 3 and 7 growth stages up to the start of flowering at Greenethorpe and Canowindra, respectively. The petiole of the youngest mature leaf (YML) was the most suitable plant part to sample for tests based on nitrate-N. Suitable plant parts for tests based on total N were the YML petiole or lamina, or the whole shoot. There was good agreement between the 2 sites in the just-adequate fertiliser N rates (rates giving 90% of maximum yield) and the critical N concentrations in the plant parts tested. Critical nitrate-N concentrations in the fresh YML petiole for dry matter production at the time of sampling the plants decreased from 1.62 to 0.14 mg nitrate-N/g fresh weight between the 4–5 leaf rosette stage (4–5 RS) and the start of flowering (SF). Critical nitrate-N concentrations in the dry YML petiole decreased from 16.5 to 0.8 mg/g dry weight between 4–5 RS and SF. Critical total N concentrations decreased from 4.5 to 2.0, 7.2 to 5.0 and 6.2 to 2.8% dry weight, in the YML petiole, YML lamina, and whole shoot, respectively, between 4–5 RS and SF. Critical nitrate-N and total N concentrations for assessing potential seed yield were similar to those for dry matter production at the time of sampling for each of the growth stages. The critical total N concentrations obtained for the YML petiole and lamina, and the whole shoot before the start of stem elongation are likely to be less precise than the critical nitrate-N concentrations in the YML petiole because of the limited response of total N concentrations to increasing rates of fertiliser N. However, total N in the YML petiole or lamina, or in the whole shoot may be a better indicator of N status for plants sampled after the start of stem elongation as nitrate-N concentrations become low and more variable, and it is harder to identify the YML. The decline in critical N concentrations must be taken into account when interpreting the results of plant tests for diagnosing the N status of canola, as sampling needs to correspond to the plant growth stage for which a particular critical N concentration has been obtained.

scholarly journals Relación entre el peso freco y el peso seco del rastrojo de maíz en diferentes estados fenológicos del cultivo.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bänziger ◽  
G. O. Edmeades ◽  
J. Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of dry matter produced during various stages of corn growth is a important variable to be taken into consideration. However, the lack of drying facilities makes its measurement a difficult task in the fields. A simple method to convert the fresh weight of a crop in the field into dry weight, could be an answer to that problem. In this study, we calculated the relationship between fresh and dry weight of corn stovers, over several, growth, stages of eight corn cultivars of different vigour and maturity period, at two Mexican locations. The differences between cultivars were for percent stover dry weight (%SDW) most evident in the second half of the grain growth stage, when late cultivars showed less humidity than the early ones. The % SDW was regressed against the phenological developmental stage and expressed as a ratio against antesis (R, days to sampling /days to 50% antesis). The equations (R2 = 0.97 - 0.99) with best results were: Early maturing cultivars: %SDW = 12.6 + 0.94R2 + 1.68R4; Late: %SDW = 16.1 - 4.00 R2 + 3.36R4. There were no consistant differences among cultivars with different vigour levels, even though certain differences were noted among the locations and they were attributed to differences in relative humidity. We describe a protocol for determining the dry weight of corn stover by area unit (t/ha) when drying conditions are not available, by utilizing only a scale and a ruler.We also suggest a method to calculate percent dry matter for a real plant parts (including grain).

Yield improvement of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in a low rainfall environment. II. Agronomic performance of lines selected on the basis of pre-anthesis development

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
N Thurling ◽  
R Kaveeta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Agronomic characteristics of two groups of early flowering Brassica napus lines and their respective parents were compared at East Beverley in the Western Australian wheatbelt. These lines had been derived through two generations of backcrossing and subsequent selfing from crosses of the B. napus cultivar Wesbrook (recurrent parent) with an early flowering B. napus line RU2 and an even earlier flowering B. campestris population Chinoli C42. Lines selected for this experiment had flowered earliest in a previous controlled environment experiment. Only RU2 and one WesbrookxRU2 line (IB72) had significantly higher yields than Wesbrook (149% and 166% respectively), and one Wesbrookxchinoli C42 line was the only line to have a significantly lower yield than Wesbrook. None of the lines had significantly higher yields than their respective non-recurrent parents. Although RU2 and IB72 flowered much earlier than Wesbrook, there was no significant relationship between flowering time and seed yield over all lines. Lines which were the earliest to commence stem elongation tended to have higher seed yields. However, of all the growth and development characters measured, the biological yield and the dry weight increment between commencement of flowering and maturity were most closely related to seed yield. RU2 and IB72 accumulated far more dry matter over the post-anthesis period than Wesbrook and all other lines except another WesbrookxRU2 line. The superior post-anthesis growth of RU2 and IB72 may simply be a manifestation of the longer period available for growth under more favourable environmental conditions or deeper roots extracting more water from a greater depth. However, since there was no relationship between flowering time and the post-anthesis dry matter increment, it seems more likely that IB72 has received genes for superior post-anthesis growth as well as those determining early flowering from RU2. Given the rapid decline in soil moisture availability during post-anthesis development in this environment, these genes may affect post-anthesis growth through determining a greater capacity for drought avoidance. The implications of these results are discussed with particular reference to the breeding of higher yielding B. napus cultivars for lower rainfall environments.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation for potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency in barley under rainfed potassium stress conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Shivay ◽  
J. H. Chen ◽  
S. R. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
K Concentration

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of K nutrition and genotypic variation on the dry matter (DM) accumulation, and the K concentration, accumulation, uptake and utilization efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Successive increases in potassium nutrition had a significant effect on the dry matter and K accumulation either in the total or in various plant parts of barley at the tillering, stem elongation, heading and maturity growth stages. K nutrition also led to significantly higher grain yield with each unit K application than without K application. The yield increase due to K application was mainly due to the improvement in spike development from tillers. Dry matter and K accumulation in various plant parts varied significantly between genotypes at the main growth stages. Among the various plant parts, the stem contained the highest K concentration, had the highest K accumulation at maturity and changed considerably with the K level, while other plant parts remained relatively unchanged. Among the eleven genotypes, genotype 98-6 had the highest grain yield and the K use efficiency of this genotype was 10.4 kg grain per kg K applied. It could thus be used as a breeding line to breed barley varieties for higher productivity under rainfed conditions with low available soil potassium.

EFFECT OF DEFOLIATING TIMOTHY CULTIVARS DURING PRIMARY GROWTH ON YIELD, QUALITY AND PERSISTENCE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total N ◽  
Primary Growth

A forage system based on timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars of different maturities is recommended in Atlantic Canada. Early and later maturing cultivars are grown to spread the harvesting of timothy, at optimal primary growth maturities, to about 3 wk. At some locations the resulting harvest period has been considerably shorter and for this reason the timothy system was examined in a 4-yr field study. Four timothies, representing very early, early, midseason, and late cultivars, were cut at five dates with primary growth stages ranging from vegetative to full heading. Regrowth was cut about 45 days after cut 1. Total dry matter yield and total N concentration of combined cuts 1 and 2 were generally influenced by cutting schedules but not by cultivars. The in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) was dependent on both cutting schedule and cultivar. The early-maturing cultivar Clair reached its peak IVDMD earlier than later maturing Champ, Itasca, or Bounty. At termination of the field study, there were fewer timothy tillers per square metre and ground cover by timothy was slightly less for those cuts taken during stem elongation. The results suggest that three out of four cultivars were of similar maturity and had similar total N and IVDMD. We conclude that the currently recommended timothy cultivars in Atlantic Canada do not provide a sufficient range in maturity for the average growing season in the region to warrant multiple cultivars on individual farms. At present, timothy stands may be cut prior to and during stem elongation to lengthen the harvest period.Key words: Timothy, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total nitrogen

Variation in Dry Matter Production, Partitioning, Yield and its Correlation in Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Anwar Ali ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal ◽  
Ananya Baidya ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gunri
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Kernel Yield

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the world’s most popular oilseed crops. Nut yield in groundnut is polygenically controlled and is influenced by its component characters. A field experiment was conducted to study the variation in respect of kernel yield and its component characters along with dry matter production and partitioning at important vegetative and reproductive growth stages in nineteen genotypes of groundnut. The correlation studies were also conducted to prioritize morphological and physiological traits for improving yield. Genotypes exhibited significant differences among them in respect of kernel yield and its all attributes. Highly significant differences were recorded in respect of dry matter production and partitioning to different plant parts at pre-anthesis (30 DAS) and post-anthesis pod filling (60 DAS) stages.

Recovery of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Injured by Trifluralin

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian N. Morrison ◽  
Ken M. Nawolsky ◽  
George M. Marshall ◽  
Allan E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Net Assimilation

The relationship between trifluralin dosages detected in the soil at seeding, initial crop injury, and subsequent recovery of spring wheat during the growing season was investigated in field experiments in 1986 and 1987. As the amount of trifluralin in the soil increased, both crop density and dry matter production decreased such that at 1 kg/ha the two were reduced by 37 and 50%, respectively, early in the season. As the season progressed, crop growth rates (CGRs) of wheat in trifluralin-treated plots exceeded those of wheat in the untreated plots. Maximum CGRs occurred between Zadok's growth stages 30 and 45 where trifluralin levels in the soil were 0.3 to 0.5 kg ai/ha at seeding. Recovery from trifluralin injury was characterized by enhanced net assimilation rates of surviving plants, increased tillering and greater dry matter production per plant. Wheat seed yield was only weakly correlated with trifluralin levels in the soil at seeding. From a linear regression model it was determined that a 35% reduction in plant dry weight from the trifluralin injury at the beginning of tillering would result in no more than a 10% reduction in seed yield at final harvest.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Farhan Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

scholarly journals Symbiotic capability of calopo rhizobia from an agrisoil with different crops in Pernambuco

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altanys Silva Calheiros ◽  
Mario de Andrade Lira Junior ◽  
Débora Magalhães Soares ◽  
Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobium-legume symbiosis represents one of the most important nitrogen sources for plants and depends strongly on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain. This study evaluated the symbiotic capacity of rhizobial isolates from calopo (CALOPOGONIUM MUCUNOIDES) taken from an agrisoil under BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS pasture, sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIIFOLIA) plantations and Atlantic Forest areas of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. A total of 1,575 isolates were obtained from 398 groups. A single random isolate of each group was authenticated, in randomized blocks with two replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1 mL of a bacterial broth, containing an estimated population of 10(8) rhizobial cells mL-1. Forty-five days after inoculation, the plants were harvested, separated into shoots, roots and nodules, oven-dried to constant mass, and weighed. Next, the symbiotic capability was tested with 1.5 kg of an autoclaved sand:vermiculite (1:1) mixture in polyethylene bags. The treatments consisted of 122 authenticated isolates, selected based on the shoot dry matter, five uninoculated controls (treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg ha-1 N) and a control inoculated with SEMIA 6152 (=BR1602), a strain of BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM The test was performed as described above. The shoot dry matter of the plants inoculated with the most effective isolates did not differ from that of plants treated with 150 kg ha-1 N. Shoot dry matter was positively correlated with all other variables. The proportion of effective isolates was highest among isolates from SABIÁ forests. There was great variation in nodule dry weight, as well as in N contents and total N.

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