Potassium reserves in British soils. I. The Rothamsted Classical Experiments

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Talibudeen ◽  
S. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThirty-four soils from the Rothamsted Experiments were exhaustively cropped with ryegrass in the glasshouse. The concentration and yield of potassium in ryegrass tops and the potassium intensity in the soil were measured every 4 weeks, after harvesting the grass.The change in K-intensity of soils, rich in potassium, with exhaustion differed from that of ‘poor’ soils. This change was related to the rate of change of the cumulative K-yield. The rate of change of soil K-intensity demarcated periods of intense and limited exhaustion and partial recovery of the soil during cropping.The cumulative K-yield of ryegrass was very significantly related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil; the ‘16-week’ yield was slightly better related than the ‘60-week’ yield. For Park Grass soils, the relationship was improved by allowing for variations in soil pH.The K-intensity of all soils, with or without manuring, decreased to nearly 10-3 (M)½ in (AR)0 units after 16 weeks cropping, although large differences in K-yield persisted until much later.K-buffer capacity per unit clay content of the soil, measured by a laboratory method, was inversely related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil. The K-buffer capacities of soils rich in potassium, measured in laboratory and glasshouse experiments, were significantly related, but were unrelated for ‘poor’ soils. The K-buffer capacity (laboratory method) of Rothamsted soils with different manurial treatments was only very approximately related to the cumulative K-yield.Less K was taken up from all Rothamsted soils given nitrogen fertilizer in the field and their K intensities were also smaller than the corresponding soils without ‘N’. Field liming of acid soils decreased their K-intensity and increased their K-buffer capacity, presumably because more potassium was removed by the field crop.A rapid method is suggested for measuring potassium intensities of soils.

Potassium reserves in British soils: II. Soils from different parent materials

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Talibudeen ◽  
S. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYTwenty-six soils from different parent materials were exhaustively cropped with ryegrass in the glasshouse. Soil and crop measurements revealed inter-relationships similar to those observed with Rothamsted soils (Part I) generally, except that 12 of 20 soils, ‘poor’ in K (as defined by the K intensity of the uncropped soil and the change in soil K intensity with cropping), gave patterns of K uptake by the ryegrass crop similar to those of soils ‘rich’ in K. This indicates that these soils contain some K reserves not differentiated from those accumulated by K-manuring in Rothamsted by laboratory measurements.The cumulative K yield of ryegrass was very significantly related to the K intensity of the uncropped soil. The relationships were improved slightly by allowing for differences in soil pH and organic carbon content. The cumulative K yields at 16 weeks and at 60 weeks were better related to the total clay (<2 µ) content than to the fine clay (< 0·2 µ) content of the soil. The K intensities of the cropped soils decreased to nearly 10–3 (AR) units after 16 weeks cropping (except the Harwell soil which took 3 years to do so), although large differences in K yield persisted until much later.Potassium-buffer capacity per unit clay content of the soil (by a laboratory method) was inversely related to the K intensity of the uncropped soil and to K uptakes at 16 and 60 weeks. The rea⋅ons for this apparent anomaly are discussed and a more correct basis for the units for K-buffering capacity is suggested. The buffer capacities of ‘rich’ soils in the laboratory and glasshouse experiments were significantly related but not of ‘ poor ’ soils.Soils exhausted by cropping released more K to ryegrass after a. drying-and-wetting cycle in amounts proportional to the clay content of the soil. This points to the need for caution in measurements to assess status after air-drying soils.

Acidification rate of limed soil in a semiarid environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Curtin ◽  
H. Ukrainetz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Proton Budget ◽  
Soil Buffering ◽  
Limed Soil

To evaluate the benefits of liming acid soils, a method is needed to predict the longevity of its effect on soil pH. We coupled a simple index of soil buffering with estimates of the proton budget to predict long-term pH changes in a limed soil (Dark Brown Chernozem) in Saskatchewan. Analysis of published data for Saskatchewan soils showed that acceptable estimates of soil buffering can be obtained from organic matter and clay content. Buffer capacities of organic matter and clay were estimated at 487 and 26 mmol(±) kg−1 (pH unit)−1, respectively. Soil pH, titratable acidity, and effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) were monitored for 18 yr after lime application [Ca(OH)2 at rates of 0, 4.5 and 6.7 t ha−1] to field plots in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation. In limed plots, there was a tendency for pH, exchangeable Ca and effective CEC to decrease with time in the 0–7.5 cm layer and to increase in the 7.5–15 cm layer. This was attributed to mixing of the two layers during cultivation. In the 0–15 cm layer as a whole, there was no discernible change in acidity, Ca, or CEC during the monitoring period. Negligible re-acidification in limed soil was consistent with the estimated H+ budget. External acidification sources were negligible (no N fertilizer was applied). Acidification due to leaching of nitrate and export of cations in grain over 18 yr was estimated at 6–7 kmol(H+) ha−1. This amount of acidity would lower soil pH by less than 0.1 units [buffer capacity of the top 15 cm of soil was ≈70 kmol(±) ha−1 (pH unit)–1], an amount too small to be detectable against background variability. Key words: Buffer capacity, organic matter, proton budget, titratable acidity

Soil pH and aluminium and their spatial variation in Western Australian acidic soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Thirty-eight sites on acid soils (pH<5.5, 1:5 in water) in the medium rainfall region of Western Australia were sampled to examine spatial variation in soil pH and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-extractable aluminium. We also examined the relationship between (i) the A1 and A2 horizon soil pH, (ii) the A1 and A2 horizon extractable aluminium, (iii) surface and subsurface soil pH and (iv) surface soil and subsurface soil-extractable Al. Soil at each site generally had a light-textured layer overlying a clay layer at varying depths (30-70 cm) and was classified as either Dy 5.21 or Dy 5.41 (Northcote 1979). Over 80% of the sites had surface soil pH values 4.8 or lower and extractable aluminium concentrations 2 �g/g or higher. There was a very poor correlation (r2 = 0.21) between the A1 horizon soil aluminium extracted in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 and the pH measured in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 over 1 ha sites. The relationship was slightly improved in the A2 horizon (r2 = 0.49). The coefficients of variation of soil pH varied from 1.2 to 5.1%, while the coefficients of variation for CaCl2-extractable aluminium varied from 10 to 50%. At many of the sites, low pH values and high aluminium concentrations extended down to 35-45 cm. At the B horizon the pH values generally increased and the aluminium concentrations decreased. The surface soil pH and extractable aluminium were not good indicators (r2 = 0.09-0.60) of the subsurface soil pH and extractable aluminium.

The pH of Puerto Rican Soils Used for Principal Crops

1969 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acid Range

The pH values of the soils of Puerto Rico were determined with the following results: 1. About 80 percent of the soils were acid (below pH 7) and 50 percent were below pH 6, which was acid enough to require liming. 2. Most of the soils planted to bananas were pH 6 and above. 3. The pH range for brushland was wide, extending from acid to alkaline. 4. Eighty percent of the soils of the coconut plantations were above pH 6. 5. Coffee soils, in general, were acid, with 63 percent below pH 6, of which 49 percent were in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9 and 13 percent in the very acid range of pH 4.0 to 4.9. 6. The pH of soils planted to corn varied widely. 7. The small cotton acreage had a pH range of 5.0 to 5.9. 8. The soils planted to grapefruit had 57 percent of their acreage at pH 4.0 to 4.9 and 29 percent in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9. 9. The natural pastures had 75 percent of their soil at pH below 6, whereas improved and rotational pastures had only 39 percent below pH 6. 10. Pineapples were planted in acid soils, 75 percent of which were below pH 6. 11. The majority, 68 percent, of the plantains were grown in acid soils below pH 6. 12. Root-crop soils had a systematic distribution throughout the range of pH from below 4 to above 8. 13. Most soils used for soilage (cut grass) had a pH above 6. 14. Eighty-one percent of the sugarcane acreage was found to be in the range of pH 5 to 8. About 36 percent of the cane acreage was below pH 5.5 and in need of liming. 15. Tobacco was grown primarily on acid soils, with 61 percent of its acreage on those below pH 6. 16. No vegetables were found in soils with a pH below 5, and 50 percent were planted in soils with a pH above 6. 17. The pH range for woodland soil was distributed rather evenly from a pH 5 to 7.9. 18. The average pH and range of pH of the soils of Puerto Rico are presented, by soil series, and several examples are given of the relationship between soil pH and soil series.

Response of wheat, triticale, barley, and canola to lime on four soil types in north-eastern Victoria

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Slattery ◽  
DR Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
The Relationship

Lime requirement curves based on relative yield and pH data for 4 soil types were derived to estimate the amount of lime required to reach maximum yield for wheat, triticale, barley, and canola. Simple equations expressing lime requirement as a function of soil pH accounted for >90% of the variation in applied lime on 3 soil types (red brown earth, red podsolic, podsolised red earth). When aluminium and manganese (0.01 mol CaCl2/L extracted) were included in these equations, either individually or together, they did not improve the relationship significantly for these 3 sites; however, manganese significantly improved the predictability of lime for solodic soil. A comparison of this model with a laboratory-based model showed good correlation for 3 soils (red brown earth, red podsolic, podsolised red earth), but the laboratory method underestimated the field lime requirement of solodic soil.

Soil pH is a major determinant of the numbers of naturally occurring Rhizobium meliloti in non-cultivated soils in central New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
A Pilka ◽  
RA Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
The Relationship

Measurements were made of soil pH, frequency of occurrence of annual species of Medicago (medics) and populations of Rhizobium meliloti at 84 sites on 7 dominant soil groups of the Macquarie region of central-western New South Wales. Over all sites, soil pH (0-10 cm; 1:5 soil: water) ranged from 5.26 to 8.07, medic frequency from 0 to 100% and most probable numbers of R. meliloti from undetectable to 675 000/g soil. There was a highly significant (P<0.001) relationship between soil pH and number of R. meliloti. Above pH 7.0, the mean soil population of R. meliloti was 89000/g; below pH 6.0, it was 37/g. Medics occurred most frequently on the more alkaline soils and with least frequency on the more acid soils, but the relationship between soil pH and medic frequency was weaker than between pH and R. meliloti number. Medics were more tolerant of low soil pH than their rhizobia were; at 2 sites, of pH 5.49 and 5.35, medics occurred at 100% frequency but R. meliloti was undetected. There was an indication of some acidification in these soils over a period of 35 years but this remains to be confirmed.

A comparison of three soil tests for assessing Cd accumulation in wheat grain

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Oliver ◽  
K. G. Tiller (dec.) ◽  
A. M. Alston ◽  
G. D. Cozens ◽  
R. Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Concentration Step ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Cd

Three extractants, namely ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), CaCl2, and Ca(NO3)2, were compared to assess the relationship between the amounts of cadmium (Cd) extracted from soil and the Cd concentration of wheat grain, with the view to using a soil test for predicting Cd concentrations in grain. The soils used came from 1 glasshouse experiment and 31 field sites sampled over 2 years, and they had received Cd only from historical applications of phosphatic fertilisers. The soils ranged from a heavy clay with a comparatively high carbon content to a sandy soil. The pH values ranged from 4.5 to 7.8. The relationship between Cd concentration in grain and CaCl2- and Ca(NO3)2-extractable soil Cd was variable and for most cases r2 value was <0.6. The use of pH alone to predict Cd concentration in wheat grain was significant (P < 0.05) for all soils used in the glasshouse except the soil with the highest clay content (Inman Valley). In the field experiments, the relationships between Cd concentration in grain and soil pH were significant (P < 0.05) but the r2 values were low, ranging from 0.28 to 0.66. The inclusion of pH and extractable soil Cd (CaCl2- and Ca(NO3)2-extractable) to determine Cd concentration in grain only improved the relationship in one half of the cases in this study. This suggests that there may be little to be gained in prediction of Cd concentration in grain from the use of extractants compared with using soil pH. Soil pH is also an easier, cheaper, and quicker measurement than an extractable soil Cd measurement, particularly in soils with low Cd concentrations where the extraction procedure involves a concentration step. In all cases, grain Cd concentration and EDTA-extractable soil Cd were poorly correlated.

scholarly journals Salinity–pH Relationships in Calcareous Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Al-Busaidi ◽  
P. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Soil pH is the most commonly requested analysis undertaken during farm advisory work. Determination of pH assists in understanding many reactions that occur in soil. Variations in pH between soils have been related to a number of other soil parameters. In this study thirty different soils were collected from agricultural areas to have a wide range of pH, salinity, and texture. The objective was to study the relationship between soil pH and salinity. A negative relationship was found between soil salinity and pH. The main factor contributing to this relationship was probably the presence of soluble Ca2+ ion in soil. Variations in soluble Ca2+ ion concentrations between soils were negatively related to soil pH and positively related to soil salinity. Other soil properties that may affect pH, including CEC, CaCO3, clay content, gypsum and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), were also determined. 

Phytotoxicity and Adsorption of Chlorsulfuron as Affected by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegnehu Mersie ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The phytotoxicity of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was compared in six soils, and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties was evaluated. The influence of soil pH (4.2 to 7.8) on phytotoxicity and adsorption of chlorsulfuron incorporated into high-organic-matter soil was also studied. For the phytotoxicity studies, corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3320’) was used as the bioassay plant. Organic matter was the soil variable most highly correlated with chlorsulfuron phytotoxicity. There was an inverse relationship between phytotoxicity and organic matter. No significant relationship between clay content and chlorsulfuron toxicity was observed. The adsorption of chlorsulfuron decreased with increasing soil pH while desorption was greater at alkaline pH. Phytotoxicity of chlorsulfuron increased with increasing soil pH and reached a maximum at pH 6.9.

Energetic relationships for crushing of soil clods

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
István Patay ◽  
Virág Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

Clod crushing is a principal problem with soils of high clay content. Therefore, there is a need for determining the conditions for clod breaking and clod crushing. The objective of the work was to develop a special purpose tool for single clod breaking both by rigid support of the clod and by a single clod supported by soil and to develop a machine for clod crushing. Furthermore, the purpose was to determine the relationship between the specific energy requirement for clod crushing in the function of soil plasticity and the soil moisture content by the means of the developed tool and machine. The main result of the experiments is summarized in a 3D diagram where the specific energy requirement for soil clod crushing is given in the function of the moisture content and the plasticity index for different clay soils.

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