Response of broilers to dietary levels of thevetia cake

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Atteh ◽  
S. A. Ibiyemi ◽  
A. O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Broiler Feed

SUMMARYTwo experiments done at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in 1992/93 investigated the effects of dietary levels of thevetia cake on the performance and nutrient retention of broilers. In Expt 1, dayold broiler chicks were fed either a control diet or diets containing 5, 10 or 15% thevetia cake during a 4-week period. In Expt 2, day-old broiler chicks were fed a standard diet until 4 weeks of age and were then switched to diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% thevetia cake. Inclusion of thevetia cake in broiler diets, irrespective of level of inclusion, drastically reduced feed intake and weight gain (p < 0·01) at both the starter and finisher stages. Dietary thevetia cake also caused a significant increase in mortality rate (P < 0·01). There was a reduction in protein and fibre retention and dietary ME with increases in the dietary level of thevetia cake at both the starter and finisher stages (P < 0·05). It is concluded that thevetia cake is toxic to broilers and needs further processing before it can effectively be used as an ingredient in broiler feed.

Replacement of palm oil by thevetia oil in broiler chick diets

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Atteh ◽  
S. A. Ibiyemi ◽  
F. A. Onadepo ◽  
O. O. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Broiler Feed

SUMMARYThe effects of replacing 0, 25, 50 or 100% of dietary palm oil (5%) with oil of Thevetia peruviana was investigated using broiler chicks 0–3 weeks old.Increasing the content of thevetia oil in the diet reduced average daily feed intake and weight gain (P < 0·05) and decreased protein and fibre retention (P < 0·05) and fat retention (P < 0·01). However, there was no significant effect on feed: gain ratio or mortality rate. It is concluded that there is a need for further processing of thevetia oil before it can be used effectively as an ingredient in broiler feed.

scholarly journals DETERMIN ATION OF THE APPARENT AND TRUE METABOLISABLE ENERGY VALUE OF THEVETIA OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
O. A. ADEYEMI ◽  
O. J. ATTEH ◽  
S. A. IBIYEMI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

An experiment was designed to evaluate the metabolisable energy value of solvent extracted thevetia oil for the chicken. Apart from the metabolisable energy value, the productive performance and nutrient retention was also examined. Day-old broiler chicks were fed diets with 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0% thevetia oil over a 2-week period. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) of the treatments on feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency or mortality rate. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and the true metabolisable energy (TME) values of thevetia oil were determined to be 7846 and 8016 Kcal/Kg respectively.  

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M Tion ◽  
M. T. Orga ◽  
I. A. Adeka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of probiotics in diets with or without growth promoters for broiler chicks

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2687-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Fernando Pastorelo Meurer ◽  
Paula Carvalho Leal ◽  
Chayane da Rocha ◽  
Ivânio José Martins Bueno ◽  
Alex Maiorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

This work was carried out to evaluate the use of Bacillus subtilis probiotic C-3102 (10(10)cfu/g) in diets with or without growth promoters on the performance of broilers in the period from 1 to 42 days of age. It was used 1,200 Cobb line broilers, distributed in a complete randomized block with five diets: negative controller (without promoters); Bacillus subtilis (30 g/t ration); Bacillus subtilis (50 g/t ration); Bacillus subtilis (30 g/t ration) + colistin (10 ppm); avilamycin (10 ppm) + colistin (10 ppm). Each diet was evaluated in 10 repetitions with 24 birds. From 21 to 42 days of age, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated, and at 42 days of age, productive efficiency index was evaluated. At the end of the experimental period, it was observed an increase in the consumption of diet with the lowest dose of Bacillus subtilis (30 g) in relation to that one with Bacillus subtillis (30 g) + colistin (10 ppm). The values of weight gain obtained with the diet with the lowest dose of Bacillus subtillis (30 g) and with avilamycin (10 ppm) + colistine (10 ppm) were higher than those of the birds fed control diet (without promoters). For feed conversion, the best results were obtained by supplying diets containing 50 g of Bacillus subtillis, diet with 30 g of Bacillus subtillis + 10 ppm of colistin; and diet with 10 ppm of avilamycin + 10 ppm colistin. For the analysis of productive efficiency index, the best results were obtained with diets containing additives (probiotics and/or antibiotics) in comparison to the control diet. Bacillus subtillis C-3102 probiotic, at concentration 10(10) cfu/g, is an efficient substitute of antibiotics.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PROCESSED ROCK PHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS AND SUBSTITUTE FOR BONE MEAL IN BROILER DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
E. I. IKANI ◽  
A. O. ADUKU ◽  
P. N. OKOH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Treatment Groups

A feeding trial was conducted for six weeks to assess the optimum replacement value of processed rock phosphate (PRP) for bone meal and as a source of inorganic phosphorus in maize-cotton seed meal based diets. A total of 144 day old Snack 80 strain broiler chicks were used. Triplicate groups of 12 birds were randomly placed on 4 diets containing 0. 1.8, 2.8 and 5.64% PRP which contributed 0,0.16, 0.25 and 0.5% inorganic phosphorus in the diets respectively, Results showed PRP levels in dicts had no significant (P>0.05) effect on weight gain, growth rate and feed intake at 0 - 4 weeks. When 2.8% PRP replaced 2% of bone meal, feed efficiency was not significantly different from those birds fed 3% bone meal in control diet. Inclusion of 5.64% PRP significantly (P<0.01) depressed feed efficiency more than other treatment groups during the period. Addition of 5.64% PRP supported higher growth rate than other treatment groups during 5 - 6 weeks, but this was not significantly different from birds fed on control and 2.8% PRP diets. Feed efficiency was significantly (P>0.01) lowest in the group fed on 1.8% PRP diet. Weight gain, growth rate and feed intake were not significantly (P<0.01) affected by treatments during 0-6 weeks. It was concluded that 5.6+% PRP which supplied 0.5% inorganic phosphorus supported optimum performance in broiler birds replacing 100% bone meal in a liu diet and caused growth that was equinob-ut to the group fed on 3% bone meal mentraal diet.   

Performance of broiler chicks fed on two insect based-diets in South East Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Amobi ◽  
C.I. Ebenebe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Linear Body

The performance of broiler chicks fed on two common species of edible insects: African palm larva (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) and winged termite (Macrotermes bellicosus) in south east, Nigeria were studied using 135 day old Arbor acre birds. Three dietary treatments (T1, T2 and T3) representing Diet A (control: vital feed based fishmeal), Diet B (African palm larvae meal; APLM), and Diet C (containing winged termite meal; WTM), respectively, were used. T1 comprised of a standard feed of brand name ‘vital feed’ containing fishmeal which served as control while T2 and T3 both had insect meal: APLM and WTM, respectively, in place of fishmeal. Forty five broiler chicks were randomly assigned to each of the three dietary treatments at the rate of fifteen chicks per replicate and three replicates per treatment in a completely randomised design. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. During this period, the birds were subjected to similar husbandry and sanitation practices. Weekly record of feed intake, weight gain and linear body measurements were taken. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA appropriate for completely randomised design and the differences between means were separated using least significant differences. The result showed that chicks fed with control diet based fishmeal (Diet A) had the highest feed intake compared to those fed Diet B and Diet C. Broiler chicks on Diet B however had the highest records in all performance indices (weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and linear body measurements) investigated followed by Diet C and lastly Diet A. The study therefore recommends the use of insect meal for complete or partial replacement of fishmeal in poultry feed formulation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of maize–sorghum mixture based diets supplemented with exogenous enzyme on growth response, haematology and serum biochemical indices of starter broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
A. S. Gidado ◽  
M. A. Oguntoye ◽  
A. R. Akintunde
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Poultry diets are largely composed of plant based materials that hold non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The inclusion of NSP rich ingredients often reduces feed cost, but hampers a proper digestion due to anti-nutritional factors (ANF). Against this background, potency of exogenous enzymes was evaluated to upgrade dietary energy and total protein. A total of 180 broiler chickens were used in 28 days feeding trial. Six experimental diets were formulated in which maize based diet served as control (T1). Maize in the control diet was replaced by sorghum at the levels of 20% (T2), 40% (T3), 60% (T4), 80% (T5), and 100% (T6), respectively. Besides the control diet every other dietary groups were supplemented with enzyme at the rate of 50g/100kg. The broiler chicks were weighed and allotted to six dietary treatments of 30 birds each. The groups were replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The parameters determined for growth performance include: Final weight (g), Weight gain (g/bird), Daily weight gain (g/bird), Feed intake (g/bird), Daily feed intake (g/bird) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR). The result showed significant (p<0.05) effect on total feed intake and daily feed intake. Final weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Birds fed 60% (T4), 80% (T5) and 100% sorghum (T6) with enzyme supplementation showed higher similar statistical values 1365.00g, 1373.33g and 1373.66g, respectively for total feed intake. Haematological parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Maize-sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation had significant (p<0.05) effect on total protein, albumin and uric acid. Birds fed diets with 80% (T5) and 100% T6 sorghum levels with enzyme supplementation showed higher (p<0.05) statistical values 4.10 and 3.66 g/dl for total protein. Inclusion of sorghum up to 100% replacement level for maize with enzyme supplementation could be fed to starter broiler chicks for improved growth performance without adverse effect.

scholarly journals The Effect of Limestone Deposits as Calcium Source on the Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
M. A Tion ◽  
S. A Offiong ◽  
P. C Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Calcium Source

Four trials (two at the starter phase and two at the finisher phase) were carried out in a study that utilized Anak-180 broiler chickens to evaluate the potentials of six limestone sources (that were procured from Ashaka, Calabar, Jakura, Sokoto, Ukpila and Yandev cement factories) for inclusion in broiler diets as calcium source. The control diet accounted for the seventh dietary treatment. The first chick trial (Trial 1) utilized 525 chicks and the second (Trial 2) utilized 420 chicks from day old to 28 days of age. Dietary treatments in each trial were replicated 3 times such that Trial 1 had 25 chicks per replicate and Trial 2 had 20 chicks. The first finisher trial (Trial 3) utilized 315 chickens with 15 birds per replicate, the second (Trial 4) utilized 252 chickens with 12 birds per replicate from 35 days of age to 56 days. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design. Measurements were taken for, feed intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed conversion, leg disorders and mortality rate. Results indicated significant (P<0.05) differences in feed intake and weight gain in trial 1. In trial 2, all performance traits were significantly (P<0.05) different among the diets. Both leg disorders and mortality rate occurred in trial 1 but were mild in trial 2. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among the limes in the performance traits in trial 3, but trial 4 showed significant (P<0.05) differences among the dietary means for feed intake, and weight gain. Generally, the study showed improved performance traits over suggested bench mark standard in this country. Leg disorders did not affect performance traits adversely; both leg disorders and mortality rate were adjudged to be independent of limestone sources tested. It was concluded that, the limestone sources tested were good calcium sources for broiler diets.

scholarly journals Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing rice offal supplemented with enzyme

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Edache ◽  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
A. G. Yisa ◽  
U. R. Muduudtai ◽  
D. O. Edache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Feed Cost

A feeding trial of six weeks was conducted to determine the effect of including rice offal supplemented with natuzyme on the performance of broilers. One hundred and seventy two 2 –week old broilers of mixed sexes were randomly allocated to four diets in a completely randomized design. The broiler chicks were allocated one of four diets containing either 0 (control), 5, 10, or 15% of rice offal. The starter diets were isonitrogenous (25% CP) but decreased in energy levels from 2,779.32 (Diet A), 2,747.73 (Diet B), 2,715.54 (Diet C) to 2,683.54kcal/kg ME (Diet D). The finisher diets were also isonitrogenous at 21% CP with each diet replicated three times. The energy levels of the finisher diet decreased from 2801.67 (diet A) to 2703.22 kcal/kg ME (diet D). The energy levels on diets B (2768.72) and C (2736.18) were higher than on diet D. All diets containing rice offal were supplemented with natuzyme at 100g/100kg feed. Overall result showed that feed intake was significantly lower (p<0.05) on the control (117.38g/bird/day) than on diets B (123.57), C (125.24) and D (123.97g/bird/day). Weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) on diet B (57.64g/bird) than on diets C (50.77) and D (46.88g/bird) respectively. Water intake was significantly lower (p<0.05) on the control (204.60mL/bird) than on diets B (240.44), C (231.86) and D (225.73mL/bird), respectively. Feed conversion ratio was significantly better (p<0.05) on diets A (2.36), B (2.23) and C (2.68) than on diet D (3.06) only. Feed cost/kg gain was significantly (p<0.05) better on diet A (N532.65) than on diets B (N666.75) and C (N688.92) only. Initial weight did not differ significantly across the diets but final weight was better (p<0.05) on diet B (2644.40g/bird) than on the control and other rice offal diets. Even though the control diet had lower feed intake, birds on diet B had better weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost/gain and final body weight than the control and other rice offal diets and is therefore, recommended. This is because rice offal based diet on diet B has a cost saving of 8.33% over the control diet.

THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF GILTS FED VERY LOW LEVELS OF ZEARALENONE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
H. L. TRENHOLM ◽  
K. E. HARTIN ◽  
P. S. FISER ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Low Levels

In the first of three experiments, 60 prepuberal gilts (12–13 wk old) were fed diets containing 0.01 (control), 0.16, 0.36, 0.47, 1.28 and 2.21 mg zearalenone (ZEN) kg−1 feed for 63 d. Vulvovaginitis occurred in some gilts fed the control diet; there was a trend (P < 0.01) towards heavier uteruses as the dietary level of ZEN increased. Experiment 2 involved 16 gilts allocated in pairs in noncontiguous pens and fed diets containing 0.01 and 2.21 mg ZEN kg−1 feed for 42 d. No control gilt exhibited vulvovaginitis when separated from a treated gilt by an unoccupied pen while all eight of the treated gilts showed vulvovaginitis. Results suggested that estrogenic metabolites in the urine of gilts eating ZEN-contaminated feed might, if ingested, induce vulvovaginitis in other untreated gilts. Experiment 3 involved 40 gilts and four diets (0.01, 0.36, 0.47 and 1.28 mg ZEN kg−1 feed). The gilts were bred and were necropsied between days 52 and 55 of pregnancy. The incidence of vulvovaginitis differed (P < 0.01) among diets, tending to increase with higher ZEN levels. Fewer gilts fed the two higher levels of ZEN could be bred than those fed the lower ZEN levels. Serum progesterone concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 ng mL−1 for prepubertal gilts, and from 22 to 29 ng mL−1 during early pregnancy. Fetal mortality, while not significantly different, was numerically less for the control gilts than for those fed the ZEN-treated diets. Feed intake and weight gain were not affected significantly, by the inclusion of zearalenone in any of the experiments. The data indicated that zearalenone did not have serious effects on the reproductive efficiency of young gilts at levels below 0.5 mg kg−1 feed. Key words: Zearalenone, gilt, reproduction, estrus, fetus

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