Effect of cottonseed processing and chitosan supplementation on lamb performance, digestibility and nitrogen digestion

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 636-642
Author(s):  
T. S. Magalhães ◽  
G. G. P. Carvalho ◽  
E. M. Santos ◽  
J. E. Freitas Júnior ◽  
D. S. Pina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

AbstractThe current study was carried out to examine the effect of cottonseed processing and chitosan supplementation on lamb performance, digestibility and nitrogen digestion. Eighty uncastrated Santa Inês lambs (23 ± 2.2 kg average weight, 4 months old) were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement that consisted of two cottonseed processing forms (whole or ground) and two chitosan levels (0 or 136 mg/kg live weight). Higher dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was achieved with the diets containing the whole cottonseed. Ether extract ADC was higher in the animals fed the chitosan-containing diet. There was an interaction effect on the ADC of neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein, which increased with chitosan inclusion associated with the whole cottonseed. The lambs that received the treatment containing the whole cottonseed showed higher microbial protein synthesis. Chitosan addition increased nitrogen retention. The animals fed chitosan-containing diets showed higher microbial protein synthesis. There was an interaction effect on microbial protein synthesis. Whole cottonseed associated with chitosan in lamb diets increases ether extract ADC and microbial protein synthesis.

Effects of pistachio by-product in replacement of lucerne hay on microbial protein synthesis and fermentative parameters in the rumen of sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghasemi ◽  
A. A. Naserian ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
A. M. Tahmasebi ◽  
A. R. Vakili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial and total substitution of lucerne hay with pistachio by-product on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, digesta kinetics, blood metabolites, nitrogen retention and microbial protein synthesis in Baloochi sheep. Six sheep with a bodyweight of 40.1 ± 1.77 kg fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulae were assigned at random to three diets in a double 3 × 3 Latin-square design. The dietary treatments included a control (basal diet), low pistachio by-product diet (50% of the lucerne hay in the basal diet was replaced by pistachio by-product), and high pistachio by-product diet (all of the lucerne hay in the basal diet was replaced by pistachio by-product). The daily basal diet was 500 g/kg DM lucerne hay, 250 g/kg DM wheat straw, 210 g/kg DM barley grain, 30 g/kg DM cotton seed meal, 8 g/kg DM vitamin–mineral supplement and 2 g/kg DM salt. Faeces and urine were collected for 8 days and used to estimate digestibility, nitrogen retention and microbial protein synthesis. Sheep were dosed ruminally with Cr-EDTA (2.27 g/L) and rumen samples were evaluated for pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen concentrations and digesta kinetics. The intake of neutral detergent fibre, purine derivatives excretion, volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rumen and ammonia nitrogen in the abomasum decreased (P < 0.05). Ether extract intake and ruminal pH was increased at 5 h after feeding (P < 0.05) as the level of pistachio by-product in the diet increased. Total pistachio by-product replacement for lucerne hay increased (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility of nitrogen, ether extract, organic matter and nitrogen retention and decreased (P < 0.05) microbial protein synthesis, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen. The inclusion of pistachio by-product had no effect on blood metabolites and digesta kinetics. Based on these results it was concluded that pistachio by-product can be considered as a useful replacement for lucerne hay in the diet of Baloochi sheep without any negative impacts on their responses. Moreover, pistachio by-product inclusion in diet improved nitrogen metabolism in Baloochi sheep.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DAUN TURI (Sesbania grandiflora) DAN LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala) DALAM RANSUM SAPI BERBASIS INDEKS SINKRONISASI PROTEIN - ENERGI TERHADAP SINTESIS PROTEIN MIKROBA RUMEN

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Fransisca Maria Suhartati ◽  
Wardhana Suryapratama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was aimed to assess the use of the legume leaf as a source of protein feedstuff and levels of synchronization protein-energy (SPE) index in the diet of cattles on ammonia (N-NH3) and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). In vitro techniques was done. The research was used a completely randomized design (CRD), with factorially pattern (2x3), the first factor was the two species of legume (Sesbania leaves and Leucaena leaves) and the second factor was the three level of the SPE index (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), there were 6 treatment combinations and each was 4 replicates. The results showed that no interaction between legume with SPE index, but each factor was significantly effect (P<0.05) on N-NH3 of rumen fluid and MPS. The research concluded that Leucaena leaf is a legume that is better than Sesbania leaf in terms of their ability toincrease MPS. SPE index is the best in producing MPS at level 0.6. Key words: Legume, synchronization of protein and energy index, ammonia, microbial protein synthesis

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG BUAH JAMBU BIJI MERAH DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN RETENSI NITROGEN PADA AYAM BROILER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Panji Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Powder

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah dalam ransum terhadap konsumsi protein, kecernaan protein dan retensi nitrogen pada ayam broiler. Ayam broiler umur 16 hari unsex sebanyak 120 ekor dengan bobot rata – rata 389,33 ± 7,9 g. Dua puluh  unit petak kandang dengan masing-masing unit berisi 6 ekor ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan : T0 (kontrol): ransum tanpa penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah; T1: ransum dengan penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah 1,7%; T2: ransum dengan penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah 3,4% ; T3: ransum dengan penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah 5,1%; T4: ransum dengan vitamin C 500 ppm. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis ragam dengan uji F pada taraf 5 % dan apabila hasil analisis menunjukkan pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsumsi protein selama penelitian untuk T0, T1, T2, T3 dan T4 berturut-turut adalah 15,53; 20,52; 21,55; 16,61 dan 20,67 g/ekor/hari, untuk rata-rata kecernaan protein 58,46; 54,26; 55,94; 56,90 dan 56,24 % dan untuk rata-rata retensi nitrogen 1,29; 1,34; 1,35; 1,53 dan 1,38 g. Rata-rata bobot badan hidup ayam broiler selama penelitian adalah 813,40; 841,08; 922,50; 853,95 dan 781,20 g/5 minggu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi protein, kecernaan protein dan retensi nitrogen ayam broiler. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan tepung buah jambu biji merah dalam ransum ayam broiler belum berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi protein, kecernaan protein dan retensi nitrogen. Kata kunci : jambu biji merah, vitamin C, ayam broiler Abstract The aim of the research was to know the utilization of red guava fruit meal in the diet on protein consumption, protein digestibility and nitrogen retention of broiler. The material used was broiler chickens at 16 days old unsex ammount 120 with average weight 389,33 ± 7,9 g. Twenty unit cages with each unit placed 6 broiler chicken. Research was used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications: T0 (control): rations without red guava fruit meal, T1: ration with red guava fruit meal 1,7%, T2: ration with red guava fruit meal 3,4%, T3: ration with red guava fruit meal 5,1% and T4: ration with Vitamin C 500 ppm. The data obtained were analyzed using various analytical procedures F-test with level 5% and if the result of the analysis show that the real effect of treatment will be followed by Duncan's test with SAS program version 9.0. The results showed an average consumption of protein during the study for T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, 15,53; 20,52; 21,55; 16,61 and 21,77 g / bird / day, for average protein digestibility was 58,46; 54,26; 55,94; 56,90 and 56,24% and for the average nitrogen retention of nitrogen retention during the study was 1,29; 1,34; 1,35; 1,53 and 1,38 g. The average live weight of broilers was 813,40; 841,08; 922,50; 853,95 and 781,20 g / 5 weeks. The results showed that the use of red guava fruit flour had no significant effect (P> 0,05) on protein intake, protein digestibility and nitrogen retention of broiler chickens. The conclusion of this study is the use of guava fruit powder in broiler rations not affect the protein intake, protein digestibility and nitrogen retention. Key words: red guava, vitamin C, broiler chickens

scholarly journals Nitrogen Metabolism and Microbial Protein Synthesis by Local Sheep Fed Diet Containing Hibiscus Leave Meal (HLM) with Different Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Risda Amelia Putri Nasution ◽  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Muhamad Bata
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Ad Libitum

The interaction of Hibiscus Leaf Meal (HLM) and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) supplementation on nitrogen metabolism and rumen microbial synthesis by local sheep was investigated. Thirty six male local sheep aged ±2 years, weight 28.01±2.61 kg were fed concentrate (3% of body weight) supplemented with HLM twice a day, amoniated rice-straw (ARS) supplemented with DFM were given ad-libitum were assigned randomly to nine treatment in an experiment of 3×3 factorial design. The first factor (P) was DFM were supplemented in ARS (P0=without DFM, P1=DFMAMS, and P2=DFMRK). Second factor (W) was the level of HLM supplementation in concentrate (W0=0%, W1=0.24% and W2=0.48% of DM consentrate. The study measured variables including nitrogen digestibility (ND), nitrogen retention (NR), microbial protein synthesis (MPS), and Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). There were significant interaction between DFM and HLM suplementation on MPS and EMPS. However, the interaction of ND and NR was non-existent. Based on polynomial graph, the most efficient MPS was achieved on combination between DFMRK and 0.23% HLM about 8.70 gN/day. Despite the absence of interaction (P>0.05) between DFM supplementation and HLM on KN and RN, DFM supplementation significantly affected (P<0.01) Nitrogen metabolism (ND and NR). The treatment without DFM supplementation resulted the highest nitrogen metabolism (ND and NR). This study concludes that HLM without DFM suplementation positively impacted N Metabolism. Combination between 0.23% HLM and DFMRK resulted the most efficient Microbial Protein Synthesis.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING FREQUENCY AND SOYBEAN MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION OF ALFALFA SILAGE ON DUODENAL NITROGEN SUPPLY TO SHEEP

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030
Author(s):  
A. RUIZ ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
W. L. GROVUM
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Eight rams fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were assigned to four treatments in an 8 × 4 crossover design. Treatments were a factorial combination of two feeding frequencies (1 × or 4 ×/d) and two diets fed at 2% of body weight (alfalfa silage with or without 10% soybean meal (SBM), dry matter basis). Diets were made isocaloric by the addition of corn. Supplementary SBM did not affect concentration of most rumen metabolites, except for increasing ammonia levels (P < 0.05). Rumen liquid kinetics were not affected by supplementation with SBM. However, SBM increased (P < 0.05) duodenal flow of microbial and residual N as well as efficiency of microbial protein synthesis when the diet was fed more frequently. Four times feeding increased the turnover rate of rumen liquid (P < 0.05). In addition, the diurnal variation of all rumen parameters was reduced, suggesting more stable rumen conditions and more uniform fermentation. Nevertheless, site and extent of organic matter and cell wall digestion were not affected. Nitrogen retention was improved (P < 0.05) with both diets due to 4 × feeding. Neither N flows to the duodenum nor efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were influenced when the control diet was fed frequently. Key words: Feeding frequency, soybean meal, alfalfa silage, duodenal nitrogen, rumen fermentation, sheep

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN SEMAK BUNGA PUTIH (Chromolaena odorata) SEBAGAI PAKAN LOKAL SUMBER PROTEIN UNTUK TERNAK SAPI: KONSUMSI, DAYA CERNA DAN FERMENTASI RUMEN

Pastura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Marthen L. Mulik ◽  
I Gusti Jelantik ◽  
Yelly M Mulik ◽  
Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin ◽  
I G. Oka Wirawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Chromolaena odorata (CO) contains high protein (21-36%) and has the potency to be utilized as a cheap protein source for livestock due to its abundants availability. However, it also contain secondary metabolic compounds that could has a negative effects on livestock, hence it requires treatments to eliminate the antinutrient compounds. One of the methods is pelleting. This experiment aimed at assessing the efficacy of chromolaena level in pelleted ration for fattened cattle. Four bali young male aged ± 2 years old were allotted into four dietary treatments in a latin square experimental design. The treatments were pellet contains CO at a level of 10% (COP10) or 20% (COP20), or 30% (COP30) or 40% (COP40). The pellet was offered at 2% live weight (LW), and kume grass hay was provided ad libitum as basal diet. The pellet was iso energy (11.5 MJ ME/kg DM) and nitrogenous (20% CP). Parameters measured were dietary intake and digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial protein production. The results showed that increasing level of chromolaena to 40% in the pellet significantly surpressed most of the measured parameters. Dry matter intake declined from 2.5% LW in treatment COP10 to 2.19% LW in COP40. Similarly, crude protein intake reduced from 749 g/d (COP10) to 661 g/d (COP40). Unaffected parameters were digestibility, rumen ammonia concentration (116-125 mg/dL),total VFA, and efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (60,4-73,4 g/kg BOT). It is concluded that chromolaena can be utilized as protein source for ruminants, yet it tends to depress intake at high level of inclusion (40%). On the other hand, dietary digestibility and rumen function were not effected by level of chromolaean, though efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis was lower than the recommended values in the exisiting feeding standards. Therefore, further research is warrant to devise appriate treatments to improve feeding value of chromolaena as cheap protein source for livestock.Key words: Chromolaeana odorata, protein, intake, rumen microbial protein, cattle

scholarly journals PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Hee-Eun Yang ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.

scholarly journals Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Ranithri Abeynayake ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

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