Does son preference matter?

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mubashir Ali
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Family Influences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family

SummaryThe demand for additional children is influenced by the presence of sons within a family. This study is based on cross-sectional data of 9416 currently married women under age 50 from a Pakistan national survey in 1979–80. The analysis suggests that having at least one son in the family influences the demand for additional children. Urban and rural comparisons indicated a higher preference for sons in urban areas. Unless the socioeconomic milieu changes, son preference is likely to remain strong in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The family planning “know–do” gap among married women of reproductive age in urban Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
S. Yameen ◽  
S. Nausheen ◽  
I. Hussain ◽  
K. Hackett ◽  
A. Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
The Family ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and predictors of family planning (FP) know-do gaps among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in low socio-economic urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan.DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected 7288 MWRA (16–49 years) to identify predictors of the know-do gap in FP using a logistic regression model.RESULTS: More than one third (35.5%) of MWRA had FP know-do gap, i.e., despite having a knowledge of contraceptives and desire to limit or delay childbearing, they were not using contraceptives. Women were less likely to use FP if they were getting older (25–35 years: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09–1.94; >35 years: OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.90–4.80), from certain ethnicities (Sindhi: OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.11–2.42; Saraiki: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01–2.71; other minorities: OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.63–3.44); did not receive FP counselling: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13–1.80; and had not made a joint decision on FP: OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.98). Conversely, women were more likely to use contraceptives if they had >10 years of schooling (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94), with each increasing number of a living child (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.75) and each increasing number of contraceptive method known (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98).CONCLUSION: The predictors associated with the FP know-do gap among MWRA should be considered when planning future strategies to improve the contraceptive prevalence rate in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Gendered Division of Domestic Labour and Childbearing Intentions in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Modiri ◽  
Rasoul Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
Asian Context

Objective: Changes in the gendered division of domestic labour are often assumed to influence childbearing intention, but existing evidence is varied and less examined in the Asian context. This paper aims to investigate the association between the gendered division of domestic labour and the intention to have another child. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran on 455 married women aged 18-40 years who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling. Results: Domestic labour is still a feminine role and the majority of women are satisfied with the division of domestic labour. Women’s satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is a predictor of their tendency to have another child, but the actual division of domestic labour has not a significant effect on women’s desire to childbearing, in the multivariate model. Conclusion: Women’s desire for having another child is positively impacted by their satisfaction with the gendered division of labour in their household. To achieve more fertility, gender equality in the family and identifying the factors affecting women's satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is suggested.

Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women in Egypt

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988819
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Alzahra Hudani ◽  
Amos Buh ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among married women of childbearing age can significantly enhance their risk of adverse health outcomes such as injury and disability, depression and anxiety, unwanted pregnancies, premature labor, complications with delivery, and perinatal and neonatal mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and individual and societal factors associated with IPV among Egyptian women. Cross-sectional data on 12,205 ever-married women between the ages of 15 to 49 years were collected from the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Data from the 2005 and 2014 EDHS were pooled and analyzed. Self-reported responses on violence by husbands were classified into physical, sexual, and emotional violence. The factors of association were quantified using logistic regression methods. The prevalence of experiencing any form of violence among ever-married women in Egypt was 29.4%. Overall, women reported experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence at 26.7%, 17.8%, and 4.6%, respectively. Women in the age group of 25 to 29 years had the highest odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.539, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.327, 1.785]) of suffering from any form of IPV. Women residing in urban areas (OR = 1.149, 95% CI = [1.046, 1.262]), having only a primary-level education (OR = 1.756, 95% CI = [1.543, 1.999]), being followers of Islam (OR = 1.713, 95% CI = [1.379, 2.126]), and having husbands with no education (OR = 1.422, 95% CI = [1.263, 1.601]) reported having higher odds of experiencing any form of IPV. Nearly one third of married women of childbearing age are exposed to IPV of any form in Egypt. IPV intervention programs should pay special attention to the socioeconomically vulnerable segments of the population and promote educational status among men and women to curb the occurrence of IPV.

scholarly journals Determinants of gender preference among women of Belagavi: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhasini Kanyadi ◽  
Rajesh Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gender Preference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Sex ratio in India, has always remained unfavorable to females. Changes in the sex ratio, reflects the underlying socioeconomic, cultural patterns of a society. A number of factors influence the relative benefits and costs of sons and daughters and ultimately the parent’s gender preferences. Objective was to study the factors that determine gender preferences among women of reproductive age group and to formulate preventive measure against gender bias.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) attending general OPD and antenatal clinics in urban field practice (n=400) areas of Belagavi. All married women with at least one child were included in the study.Results: Son preference was seen among 137 (34.25%) women participants. Socio-economic factors like religion, literacy status, occupation, socio-economic status were significantly associated (p<0.001) with gender preference. Awareness about PCPNDT act (p<0.0001), self-deprived image (p<0.001) and the gender of previous child (p<0.000001) which was highly significant were the other factors that determined the gender preference among women. Old age dependency and growth of family were the main reasons given by women for existence of son preference and no dowry and security of girls were the two important preventive measures as opined by women for prevention of female feticide.Conclusions: This study clearly infers that son preference is prevalent among women of Belagavi and there is an intricate association of many factors which determine this gender preference. Efforts to address patriarchal gender norms, strengthening the existing laws against dowry, PCPNDT Act, educational and occupational opportunities for females are the dire needs if girls are to be perceived as important and desired in our society.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP FEMALES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeti Mahla ◽  
Mukesh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Voluntary Basis ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Aim of current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude & practices of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on females between 15-45 years was included while unmarried females were excluded. The participation was on voluntary basis. Questions regarding factors responsible for non use of contraception were also asked. All data were analyzed by Epi-info software. Results: Out of 1000 women, 634(63.40%) had knowledge about family planning. 62.00% knew about condom, followed by OCPs & other methods.  Only 8.00% Women were aware of emergency contraceptive. Conclusions: Our study highlights that knowledge and awareness doesn’t always lead to the use of contraceptives. One needs to understand the level of awareness and practices in the community before implementing the family planning program Keyword: Attitude, Practice, Contraception, Reproductive age group

scholarly journals National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM): household survey component methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Alexandra Crispim Boing ◽  
Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe methodological aspects of the household survey National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM) related to sampling design and implementation, the actual obtained sample, instruments and fieldwork. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study with probability sampling in three stages of the population living in households located in Brazilian urban areas. Fieldwork was carried out between September 2013 and February 2014. The data collection instrument included questions related to: information about households, residents and respondents; chronic diseases and medicines used; use of health services; acute diseases and events treated with drugs; use of contraceptives; use of pharmacy services; behaviors that may affect drug use; package inserts and packaging; lifestyle and health insurance. RESULTS In total, 41,433 interviews were carried out in 20,404 households and 576 urban clusters corresponding to 586 census tracts distributed in the five Brazilian regions, according to eight domains defined by age and gender. CONCLUSIONS The results of the survey may be used as a baseline for future studies aiming to assess the impact of government action on drug access and use. For local studies using a compatible method, PNAUM may serve as a reference point to evaluate variations in space and population. With a comprehensive evaluation of drug-related aspects, PNAUM is a major source of data for a variety of analyses to be carried out both at academic and government level.

Gender Preference and Child Labor in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Dayang Haszelinna binti Abang Ali ◽  
Reza Arabsheibani
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Classification Analysis ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
The Family

This study examines the prevalence of son preference among ever-married women aged between 15 and 49 years in Indonesia. A continuing longitudinal socioeconomic and health survey data, Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS, Wave 4) 2007, were used by implementing multiple classification analysis (MCA) as a method to analyze interrelationships between several predictor variables and a dependent variable within the context of an additive model. The variables used were women’s characteristics including age, education, number of living and died children, covering both rural and urban areas. The findings revealed that son preference remained as the principal determinant for future birth even after controlling the effect of factors and covariates. In addition, factors such as having at least one son in the family, married late in life, and level of educations highly influenced the desire among Indonesian women for future birth.

Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin A Deficiency among Brazilian Children under 2 Years of Age from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
Adequate Food

Background Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent among infants, primarily in undeveloped communities, compromising immune system competence and raising morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency is essential to create informed health policies. Objective To identify and quantify risk factors for vitamin A deficiency in a probabilistic sample of children under 2 years of age participating in a national survey in Brazil and to provide a comprehensive risk factor model to inform health strategies and policies. Methods We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 1,436 children from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as retinol levels below 0.70 μg/dL. Results The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was estimated at 16.1% (95% CI, 12.7 to 20.2). The Poisson regression model identified three risk factors for vitamin A deficiency: urban residence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.47, p = .023), no consumption of animal meat within the past week (PR = 1.41, p = .031), and a mother older than 25 years (PR = 1.31, p = .048). Conclusions Strategies to control infant vitamin A deficiency should include health promotion and nutrition education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Improvements in lifestyle quality, based on adequate food consumption by all infants, must be achieved by communities, especially in urban areas and for older mothers.

scholarly journals Knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods among married women in urban areas of Belagavi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kruthika K. ◽  
Chandra S. Metgud
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Increase in population growth is one of the biggest problems faced from many developing countries including India. Contraception plays an important role to halt population growth but is one of the most deserted part of maternal and child health care. Even after India being the first country to launch the family planning programme still the prevalence of contraceptive use is low which in turn increases the maternal and infant mortality rate. Objectives: 1.To assesses the knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods. 2. To study the association between knowledge and practice of contraceptionMethods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 600 married women aged 15 to 44 years residing in three urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Belagavi. Information was collected using pretested, predesigned questionnaire and knowledge scoring was done. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of contraceptive use was 58.8%, among these 16.0% were condom user,18.9% were using IUCD, 4.3% using  rhythm method, 3.3% using OCPs and 16.3% were practicing sterilization method. According to knowledge score, sterilization and Condom methods had the highest scores and injectables least. In general as the knowledge score increased, the practice of contraception also increased. Conclusions: By the results we can conclude that increase in knowledge regarding contraceptives will increase the usage. This can be done by proper counselling for both husband and wife and providing proper information regarding contraceptive by removing their blind beliefs. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of double burden on malnutrition at household level in four Latin America countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanrieti Rotelli Temponi ◽  
Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of maternal overweight and short stature in children at household level in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Population-based studies on children (0-5 years old) and women (15 to 49 years old) who participated in the Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher(National Survey on Children and Women Demography and Health) in Brazil and the Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud, (National Survey on Demography and Health), in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Variables of interest: overweight mother and child with short stature, a double burden when both outcomes are present. Global prevalence and stratification, according to rural and urban areas and 95% confidence intervals, were estimated. Results: the global sample consisted of 26,506 households. The prevalence of double burden was 9.3% in Bolivia (CI95%= 8.3-10.4), 6.7% in Peru (CI95%=5.9-7.5), Colombia (3.2%; CI95%=2.8-3.6) and Brazil (2.2%; CI95%=1.4-3.2). The highest prevalence were observed in the rural areas in Bolivia (13% vs 6.5%; p<0.001) and Peru (11.9% vs 4.1%; p<0.001). Conclusions: the highest prevalence were registered in Peru and Bolivia, and the lowest in Brazil and Colombia.

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