scholarly journals Gendered Division of Domestic Labour and Childbearing Intentions in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Modiri ◽  
Rasoul Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
Asian Context

Objective: Changes in the gendered division of domestic labour are often assumed to influence childbearing intention, but existing evidence is varied and less examined in the Asian context. This paper aims to investigate the association between the gendered division of domestic labour and the intention to have another child. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran on 455 married women aged 18-40 years who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling. Results: Domestic labour is still a feminine role and the majority of women are satisfied with the division of domestic labour. Women’s satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is a predictor of their tendency to have another child, but the actual division of domestic labour has not a significant effect on women’s desire to childbearing, in the multivariate model. Conclusion: Women’s desire for having another child is positively impacted by their satisfaction with the gendered division of labour in their household. To achieve more fertility, gender equality in the family and identifying the factors affecting women's satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is suggested.

scholarly journals Prevalence of smoking and smoking predictors among adolescents in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Does the Healthy City Program make any Difference?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alasqah ◽  
Ilias Mahmud ◽  
Leah East ◽  
Kim Usher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sampling Probability

Abstract Aim: To compare the prevalence of smoking and smoking predictors among adolescents between cities running a healthy city program (HCP cities) and the cities that are not running such a program (NHCP cities) in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self-reported questionnaire on the prevalence of smoking and smoking predictors among adolescents in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia was undertaken between April and September 2017. Using multi-staged cluster sampling, probability proportionate to the size, we surveyed 364 adolescents from three HCP cites and 769 adolescents from three NHCP cities. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking among school-aged adolescents in Qassim is 5.2% (95% CI: 3.9-6.5). Smoking prevalence among adolescents in the HCP cities is 8.8% (95% CI: 5.9-11.7); while in the NHCP cities it is 3.5% (95% CI: 2.2-4.8). The prevalence of at least one smoker among close friends in HCP and NHCP cities is 67.3% (62.5-72.1) and 72.2% (69-75.3), respectively. The prevalence of at least one smoker in the family of the adolescents in HCP and NHCP cities is 58% (52.9-63.1) and 44.3% (40.8-47.9), respectively. Among the socio-demographic variables, smoking is significantly associated with gender (OR: .08) *, age (OR: 1.61) and academic performance (OR: .27). Prevalence of smoking among adolescents is significantly higher in HCP cities than in NHCP cities (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.7-5.4). Conclusion: Prevalence of smoking and key smoking risk factors were found to be higher in cities implementing the healthy city program, despite exposure to an anti-smoking campaign being higher in these cities. Given these findings, we recommend further in-depth evaluation of the program.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE USE OF CIGARETTE, ALCOHOL, AND DRUG IN STUDENTS AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Robab Rahmati ◽  
Azita Amirfakhraei ◽  
Eshrat Karemafshar
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Population

Purpose: Increasing the use of cigarettes, drug and alcohol in adolescents have nowadays become a serious challenge in communities. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol and factors affecting adolescents. Methodology: The research method was a cross-sectional survey study. The research population included all of the second-grade high school students in the Tehran province cities. Using random cluster sampling method, 448 of them were selected and responded to the test questions.  Result: The research results showed that boys used hubble-bubble (0.88), alcohol (0.51), cigarette (0.39), psychotropic pills (21) and girls used hubble-bubble (0.79), alcohol (0.29), and psychotropic pills (0.28) and cigarettes (0.17). The rate of using all drugs was higher in boys than that of girls. The use of hubble-bubble and alcohol had the highest rate and the use of heavier drugs was less prevalent. However, as the use of lighter drugs predisposed one person to use other drugs, taking preventive measures in schools and at an early age was essential. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Investigating the Use of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Drug in Students and Factors Affecting it is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Methodology of a nationwide cross-sectional survey of prevalence and epidemiological patterns of hepatitis A, B and C infection in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽  
Leila Maria Beltrão Pereira ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi Martelli ◽  
Edgar Merchán-Hamann ◽  
Airton Tetelbom Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Multi Stage

A population-based survey to provide information on the prevalence of hepatitis viral infection and the pattern of risk factors was carried out in the urban population of all Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District, between 2005 and 2009. This paper describes the design and methodology of the study which involved a population aged 5 to 19 for hepatitis A and 10 to 69 for hepatitis B and C. Interviews and blood samples were obtained through household visits. The sample was selected using stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and was drawn with equal probability from each domain of study (region and age-group). Nationwide, 19,280 households and ~31,000 residents were selected. The study is large enough to detect prevalence of viral infection around 0.1% and risk factor assessments within each region. The methodology seems to be a viable way of differentiating between distinct epidemiological patterns of hepatitis A, B and C. These data will be of value for the evaluation of vaccination policies and for the design of control program strategies.

scholarly journals The family planning “know–do” gap among married women of reproductive age in urban Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
S. Yameen ◽  
S. Nausheen ◽  
I. Hussain ◽  
K. Hackett ◽  
A. Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
The Family ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and predictors of family planning (FP) know-do gaps among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in low socio-economic urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan.DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected 7288 MWRA (16–49 years) to identify predictors of the know-do gap in FP using a logistic regression model.RESULTS: More than one third (35.5%) of MWRA had FP know-do gap, i.e., despite having a knowledge of contraceptives and desire to limit or delay childbearing, they were not using contraceptives. Women were less likely to use FP if they were getting older (25–35 years: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09–1.94; >35 years: OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.90–4.80), from certain ethnicities (Sindhi: OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.11–2.42; Saraiki: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01–2.71; other minorities: OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.63–3.44); did not receive FP counselling: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13–1.80; and had not made a joint decision on FP: OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.98). Conversely, women were more likely to use contraceptives if they had >10 years of schooling (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94), with each increasing number of a living child (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.75) and each increasing number of contraceptive method known (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98).CONCLUSION: The predictors associated with the FP know-do gap among MWRA should be considered when planning future strategies to improve the contraceptive prevalence rate in Pakistan.

Malaria Prevention and Mothers: Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Elmosaad ◽  
Ahmed Al Rajeh ◽  
Asif khan ◽  
Elfatih Malik ◽  
Ilias Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in malaria prevention using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) among mothers of children under five years of age in White Nile State, Sudan. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 761 mothers for this cross-sectional survey. There were gaps in the KAP in malaria prevention. Only 46.3% of the mothers stated personal protective measures (PPMs) as the best malaria prevention strategy; 54.9% considered ITNs as an effective means; and only 18.7% reported sleeping under an ITN every day. Older mothers were less likely to have good knowledge (OR=0.96), attitudes (OR=0.98) and practices (OR=0.98). Having a Government employee as the head of the household was positively associated with knowledge (OR=2.16) and attitudes (OR=1.96). The mother having a formal education was also positively associated with good knowledge (OR=1.55) and positive attitudes (OR=1.69). Mothers with a monthly household income of <491 Sudanese Pound were more likely to have good knowledge (OR=1.43). Mothers who had good knowledge (OR=4.99) and positive attitudes towards PPMs (OR=2.60) in malaria prevention were found to be more likely to practice preventive measures. Therefore, we recommend focusing on raising mothers’ awareness of the different preventive activities to protect them and their family from malaria.

scholarly journals A Survey on Topics Rating for the Undergraduate and Diploma in Environmental Health

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401881104
Author(s):  
Kamaruddin Arshad ◽  
Qi Ying Lean ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
Sundara Rajan Mahalingam ◽  
Chua Say Tiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Current Content ◽  
Level Of Importance

Environmental health (EH) is the study of environment and environmental factors affecting the health of human. Identifying the most relevant and up-to-date and updated teaching topics of EH programs is vital to ensure competent practitioners are nurtured. Thus, this study aimed to attain the view of current content of EH programs for EH professionals and intended to recommend topics necessary for education and practice. The level of importance of current and newly proposed topics for EH courses at diploma and bachelor’s level was assessed using a cross-sectional survey design. Practicing EH programs graduates were invited via social media and e-mails to participate in the survey. The respondents were asked to rank the importance of different EH topics based on 5-point Likert-type scale. Descriptive statistics were employed to report the importance of EH curricula at Malaysian tertiary institutions. It was found that between diploma’s and bachelor’s level, the bachelor’s graduates were expected to have high exposure in existing topics such as vector control management, legislation for EH and safety, health and safety risk assessment, as well as newly proposed topics including critical literature evaluation and innovation in creating awareness activities. The findings from this survey could serve as a guide to improvise EH curricula to ensure the EH programs continue to produce students with the necessary skills, knowledge, and competencies.

scholarly journals Child Nutrition Among Circular Migrant Families Working in the Brick Kilns of Bihar, India (P10-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Roshania ◽  
Rakesh Giri ◽  
Melissa Fox Young ◽  
G Sai Mala ◽  
Amy Webb Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Migrant Families

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of child malnutrition and the determinants of nutrition status among circular migrant families working in the brick industry in Bihar, India, focusing on differences by origin. Methods We used a stratified, cluster sampling design consisting of a cross-sectional survey in 552 randomly selected brick kilns (clusters) throughout Bihar. Circular migration was defined as residence outside the home block for at least 60 days for employment plus at least one home return in the previous year. Per kiln, three circular migrant households with children 0–35 months of age were randomly selected. We collected kiln, household and child-level data including anthropometric measurements for each selected child (n = 1198). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in SAS. The primary outcomes were stunting (<-2 SD height-for-age z score) and wasting (<-2 SD weight-for-height z score). The primary exposure of interest was intrastate vs. interstate origin; covariates included household wealth index, parity of the mother, and child age and gender. Results Prevalence of stunting was lower among interstate migrants (47%) compared to intrastate migrants (55%, aOR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.50–0.88). Wasting was higher among interstate migrants (43%) compared to intrastate migrants (34%, aOR:1.51, 95%CI: 1.17–1.94). Among children 6–23 months, 13% had a minimum acceptable diet; MAD was higher among interstate migrants (17%), compared to intrastate migrants (10%) (P = 0.014). Full immunization coverage among circular migrants was 39%, lower than the overall state (62%, NFHS IV). Open defecation was reported by over 90% of circular migrants. Conclusions Our results are likely to inform the ongoing policy discourse on circular migrants’ access to health and nutrition benefits. State of origin emerged as an important predictor of nutrition status, operating differently for acute and chronic malnutrition; we will further explore pathways of nutrition by origin in future analyses. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Determinants of successful guideline implementation: a national cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-hui Jin ◽  
Li-Ming Tan ◽  
Khalid S. Khan ◽  
Tong Deng ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Development ◽  
Guideline Implementation ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The West ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Guidelines ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Abstract Background CPGs are not uniformly successful in improving care and several instances of implementation failure have been reported. Performing a comprehensive assessment of the barriers and enablers is key to developing an informed implementation strategy. Our objective was to investigate determinants of guideline implementation and explore associations of self-reported adherence to guidelines with characteristics of participants in China. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey, using multi-stage stratified typical sampling based on China's economic regional divisions (the East, the Middle, the West and the Northeast). 2–5 provinces were selected from each region. 2–3 cities were selected in each province, and secondary and tertiary hospitals from each city were included. We developed a questionnaire underpinned by recommended methods for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys and based on conceptual framework of guideline use, in-depth related literature analysis, guideline development manuals, related behavior change theory. Finally, multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to produce adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results The questionnaire consisted of four sections: knowledge of methodology for developing guidelines; barriers to accessing guideline; barriers to guideline implementation; and methods for improving guideline implementation. There were 1732 participants (87.3% response rate) from 51 hospitals. Of these, 77.2% reported to have used guidelines frequently or very frequently. The key barriers to guideline use were lack of education or training (46.2%), and overly simplistic wording or overly broad scope of recommendations (43.8%). Level of adherence to guidelines was associated with geographical regions (the northeast P < 0.001; the west P = 0.02; the middle P < 0.001 compared with the east), hospital grades (P = 0.028), length of practitioners’ practice (P = 0.006), education background (Ph.D., P = 0.027; Master, P = 0.002), evidence-based medicine skills acquired in work unit (P = 0.012), and medical specialty of practitioner (General Practice, P = 0.006; Surgery, P = 0.043). Conclusion Despite general acknowledgement of the importance of guidelines, the use of guidelines was not as frequent as might have been expected. To optimize the likelihood of adherence to guidelines, guideline implementation should follow an actively developed dissemination plan incorporating features associated with adherence in our study.

scholarly journals Active Aging in ASEAN Countries: Influences from Age-Friendly Environments, Lifestyles, and Socio-Demographic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8290
Author(s):  
Sariyamon Tiraphat ◽  
Vijj Kasemsup ◽  
Doungjai Buntup ◽  
Murallitharan Munisamy ◽  
Thang Huu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Health Organization

Active aging is a challenging issue to promote older population health; still, there is little clarity on research investigating the determinants of active aging in developing countries. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the factors associated with the active aging of the older populations in ASEAN’s low and middle-income countries by focusing on Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand. The study is a cross-sectional quantitative research study using multi-stage cluster sampling to randomize the sample. The sample consists of 2031 older people aged 55 years and over, including 510 Thai, 537 Malaysian, 487 Myanmar, and 497 Vietnamese. We collected a quantitative questionnaire of age-friendly environmental scale and active aging scale based on the World Health Organization (WHO) concept. The predictors of active aging include age-friendly environments, lifestyles, and socioeconomic factors; the data are analyzed by using multiple logistic regression. After adjusting for other factors, we found that older people living in a community with higher levels of age-friendly environments are 5.52 times more active than those in lower levels of age-friendly environments. Moreover, the older population with healthy lifestyles such as good dietary intake and high physical activity will be 4.93 times more active than those with unhealthy lifestyles. Additionally, older adults with partners, higher education, and aged between 55 and 64 years will be 1.70, 2.61, and 1.63 times more active than those with separate/divorce/widow, primary education, and age at 75 years or higher, respectively. Our results contribute considerable evidence for ASEAN policy-making to promote active aging in this region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Xi Bo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document