Risk factors and health status among older adults in Europe: a socioeconomic analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aviad Tur-Sinai ◽  
Nir Becker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Analysis ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The risk of developing a major non-communicable disease is critically affected by lifestyle choices. This study examined the consequences of factors that might predict a change in the self-rated health of older adults and aimed to assess their monetary costs. In particular, two predisposing risk factor moderators were studied: high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The effects of these on two serious adverse cardiovascular events – heart attack and stroke – were estimated. Using data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) carried out in 2014, a two-stage procedure was applied as well as pairwise comparison. The results revealed the significant role of socioeconomic status in health outcomes. Behavioural risk factors were found to be significant predictors for heart attack and stroke. The findings support the claim that variables such as age, wealth and behavioural risk factors are additional predictors of a change in these two diseases. The monetary consequences can reach up to 12.8 thousand Euros for older adults per unit of predisposing risk factor. Since national health budgets are limited, health policies might be prioritized.

scholarly journals Behavioral Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Disease among Factory Employees in Faridabad; Haryana

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (175) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biplab Jamatia ◽  
K Anand ◽  
S K Kapoor ◽  
R M Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: In developing countries like India, in addition to the infectious diseases, noncommunicablediseases are emerging as signifi cant causes of morbidity and mortality. Workplacespresent a setting which is appropriate for intervention for adults in a community. The aim of this studyis to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of selected risk factors for non-communicablediseases.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the regular employees of the factories.Smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary intake and physical activity were measured through interviewschedules and height, weight and blood pressure were also measured by standard instrument. Anawareness generation program was pre-tested.Results: A total of 545 employees were interviewed. Among them 307 (56.3%) and 238 (43.7%)were manual and non-manual workers respectively. Most of the employees knew [smoking asa risk factor for hypertension (55.2%), heart attack (61.1%) and cancer (78.7%); Alcohol as a riskfactor for hypertension (72.1%), heart attack (73.9%), cancer ( 54.9%); Physical inactivity as a riskfactor for hypertension (82.6%), heart attack (78.5%), diabetes (60.4%) and high fat diet as a riskfactor for hypertension (67.2%), heart attack (64.8%)] that these risk factors lead to different noncommunicablediseases. The prevalence (95% CI) of the risk factors is as follows: male currentsmoker [40.7% (36.4-45.3)], current alcohol consumption [31.0 % (27.2 – 35.1)], sedentary activity[41.2% (37.0 – 45.5)], high fat intake [93.7% (90.2 - 95.5)], over weight [26.9% (23.2 – 30.9)] ; andhypertension [21.0% (17.62 - 24.6)]Conclusions: This study showed that the risk factors for non-communicable diseases are prevalentin factory employees. Implementation of the risk factors control programme is desirable and there isan interest among employees and management.Key Words: alcohol consumption, diet, over weight, physical activity, risk factor, smoking

scholarly journals Risk factors and risk factor cascades for communicable disease outbreaks in complex humanitarian emergencies: a qualitative systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e000647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Christiane Hammer ◽  
Julii Brainard ◽  
Paul R Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

BackgroundCommunicable diseases are a major concern during complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs). Descriptions of risk factors for outbreaks are often non-specific and not easily generalisable to similar situations. This review attempts to capture relevant evidence and explore whether it is possible to better generalise the role of risk factors and risk factor cascades these factors may form.MethodsA systematic search of the key databases and websites was conducted. Search terms included terms for CHEs (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs definition) and terms for communicable diseases. Due to the types of evidence found, a thematic synthesis was conducted.Results26 articles met inclusion criteria. Key risk factors include crowded conditions, forced displacement, poor quality shelter, poor water, sanitation and hygiene, lack of healthcare facilities and lack of adequate surveillance. Most identified risk factors do not relate to specific diseases, or are specific to a group of diseases such as diarrhoeal diseases and not to a particular disease within that group. Risk factors are often listed in general terms but are poorly evidenced, not contextualised and not considered with respect to interaction effects in individual publications. The high level of the inter-relatedness of risk factors became evident, demonstrating risk factor cascades that are triggered by individual risk factors or clusters of risk factors.ConclusionsCHEs pose a significant threat to public health. More rigorous research on the risk of disease outbreaks in CHEs is needed, from a practitioner and from an academic point of view.

Abstract P127: Racial Disparities in Risk Factor Control in Older Adults with Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Parrinello ◽  
Ina Rastegar ◽  
Job G Godino ◽  
Michael D Miedema ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities

Background: Racial disparities in risk factor control have been documented in middle-aged adults, but much less is known about older adults with diabetes. Our findings will inform clinical guidelines on appropriate risk factor control in older adults with diabetes. Methods: In 2011-13, 6,538 ARIC participants attended visit 5, and 4,988 provided data on all key covariates used in these analyses. Of these, 31% had diagnosed diabetes (N=1,561, 72% white, mean age=75 years) and were included in this study. Tight control of risk factors was defined according to American Diabetes Association guidelines: hemoglobin A1c <7%; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure (BP) <140 mmHg and diastolic BP <80 mmHg. We evaluated risk factor control overall and by race. We used logistic regression and predictive margins to assess independent associations of race with tight risk factor control. Results: Among older adults with diabetes, 64% used glucose-lowering medication, 70% lipid-lowering medication and 82% BP-lowering medication. Only 5% of participants did not take medication for any of these risk factors. Tight control was observed in 72% for glucose, 64% for lipids and 70% for BP. Only 34% had tight control of all three. A higher proportion of whites than blacks consistently achieved tight control ( Figure ). In multivariable analyses of persons with diabetes who were treated for risk factors, racial disparities in tight control of lipids and BP remained significant: adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CIs (white vs black) were 1.04 (0.91, 1.17) for glucose, 1.21 (1.08-1.34) for lipids, 1.15 (1.03-1.26) for BP, and 1.33 (0.95, 1.70) for tight control of all three risk factors. Conclusions: Our results highlight racial disparities in risk factor control in older adults with diabetes that were not explained by demographic or clinical characteristics. Further studies are needed to elucidate the determinants of disparities in risk factor control and strategies to address these.

scholarly journals Pneumonia hospitalisation and case-fatality rates in older Australians with and without risk factors for pneumococcal disease: implications for vaccine policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dirmesropian ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
J. G. Wood ◽  
C. R. MacIntyre ◽  
P. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) results in substantial numbers of hospitalisations and deaths in older adults. There are known lifestyle and medical risk factors for pneumococcal disease but the magnitude of the additional risk is not well quantified in Australia. We used a large population-based prospective cohort study of older adults in the state of New South Wales (45 and Up Study) linked to cause-specific hospitalisations, disease notifications and death registrations from 2006 to 2015. We estimated the age-specific incidence of CAP hospitalisation (ICD-10 J12-18), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notification and presumptive non-invasive pneumococcal CAP hospitalisation (J13 + J18.1, excluding IPD), comparing those with at least one risk factor to those with no risk factors. The hospitalised case-fatality rate (CFR) included deaths in a 30-day window after hospitalisation. Among 266 951 participants followed for 1 850 000 person-years there were 8747 first hospitalisations for CAP, 157 IPD notifications and 305 non-invasive pneumococcal CAP hospitalisations. In persons 65–84 years, 54.7% had at least one identified risk factor, increasing to 57.0% in those ⩾85 years. The incidence of CAP hospitalisation in those ⩾65 years with at least one risk factor was twofold higher than in those without risk factors, 1091/100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1060–1122) compared with 522/100 000 (95% CI 501–545) and IPD in equivalent groups was almost threefold higher (18.40/100 000 (95% CI 14.61–22.87) vs. 6.82/100 000 (95% CI 4.56–9.79)). The CFR increased with age but there were limited difference by risk status, except in those aged 45 to 64 years. Adults ⩾65 years with at least one risk factor have much higher rates of CAP and IPD suggesting that additional risk factor-based vaccination strategies may be cost-effective.

Ethnicity and hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors in New Mexico: A retrospective analysis over a 12-year period.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Khine Zar Win ◽  
Diaa Osman ◽  
Ruofei Du ◽  
Yehuda Z. Patt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Geographic Regions

269 Background: Common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk factors, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus infections, heavy exposure to alcohol and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), vary in relation to gender, ethnicity, and geographic regions. New Mexico (NM) has the highest adjusted risk ratio of 1.27 for HCC when compared with other US geographic regions. The population of Hispanic Whites (HW), non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and American Indians (AI) in NM provides a unique opportunity to study the prevalence of the known HCC risk factors among different ethnicities. Methods: We identified about 550 patients who were diagnosed and/or received treatment for HCC at the University of New Mexico (UNM) Hospital and the UNM Cancer Center from 2003 to 2015, using ICD 9/10 codes. Following approval by institutional review board, a retrospective chart review was conducted to correlate the known HCC risk factors and ethnicity of patients. This is a preliminary report of the findings in a randomly selected 226 of the 550 patients, and we expect to complete the analysis by the time of the GI ASCO symposium. A logistic regression with pairwise comparison was conducted to determine the distribution of the HCC risk factors among different ethnicities. Results: Among NHW, HCV is the most prevalent risk factor for HCC. AI have lower proportion of HCV infection, compared to NHW (35% vs 74%; P= 0.0008). However, DM and NASH were more frequently observed among AI than NHW, 54% vs 27% and 27% vs 9% ( P= 0.025 and 0.038) respectively. Table 1: Proportion of HCV, diabetes, NASH among AI, NHW and HW and pairwise comparison between ethnic groups. Conclusions: Among AI, the major risk factors for HCC seem diabetes mellitus and NASH. However, among NHW, chronic HCV infection is the most prevalent risk factor for HCC.[Table: see text]

Risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 and non-O157 illness in The Netherlands, 2008–2012, using periodically surveyed controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
pp. 1360-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. M. FRIESEMA ◽  
M. SCHOTSBORG ◽  
M. E. O. C. HECK ◽  
W. VAN PELT
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Using Data

SUMMARYShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) infections have been associated with severe illness. Ruminants are seen as the main reservoir and the major transmission route is considered to be foodborne. In The Netherlands, a case-control study was conducted, using data collected during 2008–2012. Patients were interviewed and controls completed a self-administered questionnaire. Patients travelling abroad were excluded from the analyses. STEC O157 and non-O157 were examined separately and differentiated into two age groups (<10 years, ⩾10 years). We included 130 O157 cases, 78 non-O157 cases and 1563 controls. In both age groups of O157 patients, raw spreadable sausage was the main risk factor for infection. For STEC non-O157 cases aged <10 years, contact with farm animals was the main risk factor and in non-O157 cases aged ⩾10 years, consumption of beef was the main risk factor. During 2008–2012, risk factors for STEC infections in the Dutch population differed between age groups and serogroup categories, and were related to eating meat and contact with farm animals. Advising the public about the risks of consuming raw or undercooked meat (products) and hygiene habits in case of contact with farm animals, could help in the prevention of STEC infections.

scholarly journals Definitions and Risk Factors for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in an Adult Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Denton ◽  
Lilian Thorpe ◽  
Alexandra Carter ◽  
Adriana Angarita-Fonseca ◽  
Karen Waterhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
New Diagnosis

Background: Less than one-third of people with epilepsy will develop drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Establishing the prognosis of each unique epilepsy case is an important part of evaluation and treatment.Most studies on DRE prognosis have been based on a pooled, heterogeneous group, including children, adults, and older adults, in the absence of clear recognition and control of important confounders, such as age group. Furthermore, previous studies were done before the 2010 definition of DRE by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), so data based on the current definitions have not been entirely elucidated. This study aimed to explore the difference between 3 definitions of DRE and clinical predictors of DRE in adults and older adults.Methods: Patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy ascertained at a Single Seizure Clinic (SSC) in Saskatchewan, Canada were included if they had at least 1 year of follow-up. The first study outcome was the diagnosis of DRE epilepsy at follow-up using the 2010 ILAE definition. This was compared with 2 alternative definitions of DRE by Kwan and Brodie and Camfield and Camfield. Finally, risk factors were analyzed using the ILAE definition.Results: In total, 95 patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy and a median follow-up of 24 months were included. The median age of patients at the diagnosis of epilepsy was 33 years, and 51% were men. In the cohort, 32% of patients were diagnosed with DRE by the Kwan and Brodie definition, 10% by Camfield and Camfield definition, and 15% by the ILAE definition by the end of follow-up. The only statistically significant risk factor for DRE development was the failure to respond to the first anti-seizure medication (ASM).Conclusion: There were important differences in the percentage of patients diagnosed with DRE when using 3 concurrent definitions. However, the use of the ILAE definition appeared to be the most consistent through an extended follow-up. Finally, failure to respond to the first ASM was the sole significant risk factor for DRE in the cohort after considering the age group.

scholarly journals Non-communicable disease risk factor profile among Fishermen community of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Annadurai ◽  
Nithiya Balan ◽  
Karnaboopathy Ranaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Owing to growing epidemic of non communicable diseases (NCD), identification of risk factor profile is one of the high-priority actions required in reducing NCDs. Further, fishermen community possesses unique characteristics of a folk society despite the urban environment around it. Since major portion of the life of fishermen is spent at sea with bizarre sleep and eating pattern, their risk profile for non-communicable disease are different from general population. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among fishermen community in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu; to identify the association of the NCD risk factors with socio-demographic and occupational characteristics of the study participants. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 210 adult male Fishermen community of Kovalam, Kalpakkam and Mahabalipuram, of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu during May to October, 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire and all the participants were motivated to undergo laboratory investigations. Results: Prevalence of smoking tobacco form, smokeless tobacco use and alcohol use were 17.1%, 22.9% and 61.4% respectively. Mean blood pressure observed in our study was 120.14/77.86 mm Hg. Prevalence of hypertension was 39.05% and 13.3% were having abdominal obesity. Conclusions: NCD risk factors like hypertension, alcohol use was quite high in this fishermen community and it needs further evaluation. 

Heterogeneity in the Continuity and Change of Early and Adult Risk Factor Profiles of Incarcerated Individuals: A Latent Transition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Bryanna Fox ◽  
Kelly Kortright ◽  
Lexi Gill ◽  
Daniela Oramas Mora ◽  
Richard K. Moule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Using Data

Considerable research has examined risk factors for offending, but far less is known on the constellations of co-occurring risk factors, such as adverse childhood experiences and low self-control, and the overall continuity in risk between childhood/adolescence and adulthood. Using data on 735 adults incarcerated in a county jail in Florida, this study examines the latent heterogeneity in risk profiles using risk factors prominent in early years and adulthood, and whether risk profile severity changes across the early and adult risk models. Latent Class Analyses revealed three risk profiles (low, medium, high) in both the early and adulthood risk factor models. Transition probabilities indicate continuity in high and low risk in the early and adult models, while escalation was found for those in the low and medium early risk profiles. These findings demonstrate the importance of identifying and addressing risk factors at an early age to disrupt continuity and escalation in risk over the life-course.

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