Physical properties of milk fat: II. Some factors influencing crystallization

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. de Man
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
High Melting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cooling Procedure

SummaryThe crystal habit of milk fat is determined by the cooling procedure employed and is changed markedly by interesterification (randomization) of the fat. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that slowly cooled milk fat occurs in both beta prime and beta modifications, whereas in rapidly cooled milk fat, evidence for the beta prime modification only was obtained. The long spacing was greatly increased by interesterification, especially when the fat was slowly cooled. The presence or absence of certain high melting glyceride fractions greatly influenced solid fat content, softening point and hardness of milk fat.

Physical properties of milk fat: I. Influence of chemical modification

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. de Man
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Glyceride Structure ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Acyl ◽  
High Melting Glycerides

SummaryInteresterification of milk fats resulted in increased softening points, hardness and high melting glycerides (HMG). Increasing the content of trans-unsaturated acyl groups in milk fat resulted in increased softening points and hardness. While the increased solid fat content after interesterification occurred mostly at the higher measuring temperatures, the increase due to isomerization occurred mainly at the lower measuring temperatures. However, in both cases hardness was increased at all measuring temperatures. These results indicate that glyceride structure and trans-unsaturated acyl content influence the physical properties of the solidified fat.

scholarly journals An Insight into Chemistry and Structure of Colloidal 2D-WS2 Nanoflakes: Combined XPS and XRD Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Riccardo Scarfiello ◽  
Elisabetta Mazzotta ◽  
Davide Altamura ◽  
Concetta Nobile ◽  
Rosanna Mastria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
Structural Inspection

The surface and structural characterization techniques of three atom-thick bi-dimensional 2D-WS2 colloidal nanocrystals cross the limit of bulk investigation, offering the possibility of simultaneous phase identification, structural-to-morphological evaluation, and surface chemical description. In the present study, we report a rational understanding based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structural inspection of two kinds of dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes (NFLs) generated with a surfactant assisted non-hydrolytic route. The qualitative and quantitative determination of 1T’ and 2H phases based on W 4f XPS signal components, together with the presence of two kinds of sulfur ions, S22− and S2−, based on S 2p signal and related to the formation of WS2 and WOxSy in a mixed oxygen-sulfur environment, are carefully reported and discussed for both nanocrystals breeds. The XPS results are used as an input for detailed X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis allowing for a clear discrimination of NFLs crystal habit, and an estimation of the exact number of atomic monolayers composing the 2D-WS2 nanocrystalline samples.

Raman spectroscopic prediction of the solid fat content of New Zealand anhydrous milk fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. McGoverin ◽  
A. S. S. Clark ◽  
S. E. Holroyd ◽  
K. C. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Anhydrous Milk Fat ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic

Modification of Asphalt by Montmorillonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Ping Zhang ◽  
Yong Wen ◽  
Jian Zhong Pei ◽  
Shuan Fa Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanocomposite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Performance

Montmorillonite (MMT) modified asphalts are prepared by melt blending with the help of high-speed shear mixer. The dispersion of MMT layers in the asphalt matrix are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of different contents of MMT on physical properties of the base asphalt is studied. These properties include penetration, softening point and ductility. The results indicate that MMT/asphalt may form a nanocomposite structure with MMT layers intercalated by the asphalt molecules. MMT can improve the high temperature performance and temperature sensitivity of the base asphalt. And it can slightly reduce the low temperature performances of matrix asphalt. It is found that low temperature performances, high temperature performance and temperature sensitivity of the modified system achieved balance when the content of MMT is 4 wt%.

At-Line Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Prediction of the Solid Fat Content of Milk Fat from New Zealand Butter

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 2791-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy P. Meagher ◽  
Stephen E. Holroyd ◽  
David Illingworth ◽  
Frank van de Ven ◽  
Susan Lane
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Fat

Production of Porous Cordierite through Sol-Gel Polymeric Sponge Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hasmaliza ◽  
M. Siti Naqiah ◽  
R.J. Shafinaz ◽  
Ibrahim Norfadhilah
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Melting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Melting Temperature ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Porous Cordierite ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cordierite (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2) is widely used in high temperature applications due to its high melting temperature and high resistance to thermal shock, chemical and corrosion. In this study, porous cordierite was synthesized using sol-gel method followed by replication of polymeric sponge method. Three different sintering temperatures were studied (1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C to determine the crucial temperatures meant for pure cordierite phase. The effect of different temperature on the pore size, density and porosity were also studied. Produced porous cordierite was then analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). XRD results showed that pure cordierite phase was obtained at 1300°C. SEM micrograph shows that with increasing sintering temperature, the pore size decreased and sample sintered at 1300°C has pore size ranging from 61-126μm.

Determination of average carbon number of petroleum waxes by X-ray diffraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanat Kumar ◽  
S. P. Srivastava ◽  
H. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
High Melting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Range Ordering ◽  
Standard Gas

Eight petroleum waxes, both paraffin as well as microcrystalline, have been analysed by X-ray diffraction. The average carbon number has been estimated by the long-range ordering observed in the diffractograms of these waxes. The average carbon number has also been determined following the standard gas chromatographic (GC) method. The results obtained by X-ray diffractometry compare well with those obtained by the GC method. The former method also permits determination of the average carbon number of high melting point waxes, which is otherwise difficult using GC.

Bovine Milk Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Composition and Structure Differ between Early and Late Lactation Influencing Milk Fat Solid Fat Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Liliana Pacheco ◽  
Sine Yener ◽  
Roselinde Goselink ◽  
Maria Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal ◽  
Hein Van Valenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Triacylglycerol Composition ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Composition And Structure

Microstructruture of Heteroepitaxially Grown TiO2 Films by Magnetron Sputtering

2001 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Yamagishi ◽  
Pung Keun Song ◽  
Yuzo Shigesato
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Tio2 Films ◽  
Metal Target ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkali Glass ◽  
Sem Analyses

ABSTRACTTitanium dioxide (TiO2) films were deposited on (a) non-alkali glass, (b) MgO (100) and (c) SrTiO3 (100) single crystals by rf reactive magnetron sputtering using a Ti metal target. X-ray diffraction and a pole figure analysis revealed that TiO2 films on the (a) were anatase polycrystals with <101> preferred orientation, whereas heteroepitaxial growth of anatase TiO2 was observed on the (b) and the (c) substrates. FE-SEM analyses on the crystal habit of the firm surfaces showed that the substrate temperature during the deposition (Ts) heavily affected the microstructure and surface morphology of the heteroepitaxially grown films, which could be clearly explained in terms of “Thornton's zone model” or “epitaxial growth model of 2-dimensional ledge or kink modes” considering the normalized Ts by the phase transition temperature from anatase to rutile.

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