The occurrence of pyridoxamine phosphate in milk

SummaryThe presence of pyridoxamine phosphate in extracts of freeze-dried raw and evaporated milks has been demonstrated by separation and identification of the vitamin B6 active compounds by chromatography and electrophoresis on paper. Its presence in the milk extracts is the cause of the higher values for vitamin B6 activity measured with Streptococcus faecalis as compared with those obtained with Str. faecium or Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. This is because Str. faecalis can utilize the phosphate for growth as readily as free pyridoxamine, whereas Str. faecium and S. carlsbergensis cannot. The mild acid treatment used for extracting the vitamin B6 active compounds from the milk samples for microbiological assay was found to be insufficient to hydrolyse the pyridoxamine phosphate. Further treatment of the acid extracts with intestinal phosphatase released the pyridoxamine from its phosphate and increased the vitamin B6 activity measured with S. carlsbergensis and Str.faecium so that the total vitamin B6 activities of the freeze-dried raw and evaporated milks measured microbiologiclly, were then in agreement with the values found in previous tests with chicks and rats.Pyridoxamine phosphate could only be detected in small amounts in a sample of fresh milk. The possibility that more of it was formed during the processing and storage of the freeze-dried samples is discussed.

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THE CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF MILK DURING HANDLING, PROCESSING AND STORAGE AND ITS EFFECT UPON THE FREEZING POINT1

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-27.2.38 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 38-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Freezing Point ◽

Vacuum Treatment ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Bulk Tank ◽

Sufficient Magnitude ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

Reduction Of Co2 ◽

And Storage ◽

Plant Storage ◽

Made In

Summary Milk samples obtained from a bulk tank at the conclusion of each of four milking periods, subsequently from a plant storage tank, and after processing and storage for 0, 2, and 4 days were analyzed for CO2 content and freezing point. Changes in CO2 content which occurred during storage of raw or pasteurized milk, handling or pasteurization were not of sufficient magnitude to alter significantly the freezing point. Therefore, the use of the freezing point as a means of detecting adulteration of milk with water should not be complicated by normal handling, processing and storage of milk. The significant reduction of CO2 which occurred during vacuum treatment of milk resulted in a rise in its freezing point. Allowances for this change should be made in adulteration determinations.

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Improvement in Botanical Standardization of Commercial Freeze-Dried Herbal Extracts by Using the Combination of Antioxidant Capacity and Constituent Marker Concentrations

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/92.3.797 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 797-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Paolino Ninfali ◽

Lorenzo Gennari ◽

Enrica Biagiotti ◽

Francesca Cangi ◽

Luisa Mattoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

High Performance ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Oxygen Radical ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Marker Compounds ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

Abstract Botanical extracts are standardized to 1 marker compounds (MCs). This standardization provides a certain level of quality control, but not complete quality assurance. Thus, industries are looking for other satisfactory systems to improve standardization. This study focuses on the standardization of herbal medicines by combining 2 parameters: the concentration of the MC and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity was determined with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and the concentrations of the MCs, by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total phenols were also determined by the Folin-Ciocolteau method. The ORAC values, expressed as mol Trolox equivalents/100 g (ORAC ), of 12 commercial herbal extracts were related to the ORAC values of the respective pure MCs at the concentrations at which the MCs occur in products (ORAC-MC ). The ORAC values of 11 extracts were higher than those of the respective MCs and the ratios ORAC-MC /ORAC ranged from 0.007 to 0.7, whereas in the case of Olea europaea leaves, the same ratio was 1.36. The ORAC parameters and their ratios, as well as the linear relationship between ORAC-MC and ORAC , are described and discussed as tools for improving the standardization of herbal products and detecting modifications due to herb processing and storage.

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Production of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A in Raw Milk at High Temperatures

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-527 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

pp. 1612-1616 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. I. SABIKE ◽

H. FUJIKAWA ◽

M. Z. SAKHA ◽

A. M. EDRIS

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Raw Milk ◽

The Other ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Natural Microflora ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

Improper processing and storage of raw milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus at elevated temperatures can result in the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins, especially type A (SEA), which is most frequently associated with food poisoning outbreaks such as the large one in Osaka, Japan, in 2000. In this study, the characteristics of S. aureus growth and SEA production at various high temperatures in raw milk samples were studied using two raw milk samples naturally containing low and high levels of natural microflora. The optimal temperatures found for SEA production in the two milk types were as high as 40 and 44°C (range, 36 to 48°C), and SEA production was dependent on the initial dose of S. aureus. These high temperatures were close to that of the outbreak in Japan. Thus, it was concluded that temperature was critical for SEA production in raw milk. It was also observed that natural microflora in the milk samples considerably suppressed SEA production but not staphylococcal growth. On the other hand, the amount of toxin in most milk samples decreased after peaking during storage.

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Processing and storage in working memory: The effect of memory load on processing performance

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512592013-534 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

E. Vergauwe ◽

P. Barrouillet ◽

V. Camos

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Load ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

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Forgetting Rates Constrain Working Memory Span Independently of Processing and Storage Abilities

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537052012-460 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Donna M. Bayliss ◽

Christopher Jarrold ◽

Steven Roodenrys

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Span ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

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HUBUNGAN HIGIENE SANITASI DENGAN KANDUNGAN ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA ES BATU INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA DI TEPI JALAN WAHID HASYIM 2 KECAMATAN SEMPAJA KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2015

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v2i1.301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Suwignyo Suwignyo ◽

Abdul Rachim ◽

Arizal Sapitri

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Raw Material ◽

Almost Everywhere ◽

Ice Cube ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

Ice is a water that cooled below 0 °C and used for complement in drink. Ice can be found almost everywhere, including in the Wahid Hasyim Sempaja Roadside. From the preliminary test, obtained 5 samples ice cube were contaminated by Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between hygiene and sanitation with presence of Eschericia coli in ice cube of home industry at Wahid Hasyim Roadside Samarinda. This research used quantitative with survey methode. The population in this study was all of the seller in 2nd Wahid Hasyim Roadside. Sample was taken by Krejcie and Morgan so the there were 44 samples and used Cluster Random Sampling. The instruments are questionnaries, observation and laboratory test. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate (using Fisher test p= 0.05). The conclusion of this study there are a relation between chosing raw material (p=0,03) and saving raw material (p=0,03) with presence of Eschericia coli. There was no relation between processing raw material into ice cube with presence of Eschericia coli (p=0,15).Advice that can be given to ice cube should maintain hygiene and sanitation of the selection, processing and storage of ice cube.

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Prospects for the development of agrarian production systems in in the Right Bank Polesie of Ukraine

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.95.69-72 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (95) ◽

pp. 69-72

Author(s):

Yu.A. Tarariko ◽

L.V. Datsko ◽

M.O. Datsko

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Capital Investments ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

The Right ◽

And Storage ◽

Agricultural Production Systems

The aim of the work is to assess the existing and prospective models for the development of agricultural production in Central Polesie on the basis of economic feasibility and ecological balance. The evaluation of promising agricultural production systems was carried out with the help of simulation modeling of various infrastructure options at the levels of crop and multisectoral specialization of agroecosystems. The agro-resource potential of Central Polesie is better implemented in the rotation with lupine, corn and flax dolguntsem with well-developed infrastructure, including crop, livestock units, grain processing and storage systems, feed, finished products and waste processing in the bioenergetic station. The expected income for the formation of such an infrastructure is almost 8 thousand dollars. / with a payback period of capital investments of 2-3 years.

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Fish, Fires, and Foresight: Middle Woodland Economic Adaptations in the Abbott Farm National Landmark

North American Archaeologist ◽

10.2190/qweb-rq9v-dq1g-y37k ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 111-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John A. Cavallo

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Raw Material ◽

Anadromous Fish ◽

Middle Woodland ◽

Cultural Resource ◽

Economic Adaptation ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Regional Redistribution

The “Abbott Farm site,” now known as the Abbott Farm National Landmark, is known for its unique and abundant artifact assemblages from presumed Middle Woodland contexts. Several researchers attributed the presence of large quantities of argillite raw material, argillite and chert blades and blade caches, cut and uncut mica, and aberrant zone-decorated ceramics to either Hopewellian manifestations or to the Abbott Farm's role in the regional redistribution of argillite. On the basis of a cultural resource survey conducted by Louis Berger and Associates prior to the proposed construction of I-195 and I-295 and New Jersey Routes 29 and 129, a specialized economic adaptation focused upon the intensive procurement, processing, and storage of anadromous fish, especially sturgeon, is hypothesized.

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