Polymorphisms in genes in the SREBP1 signalling pathway and SCD are associated with milk fatty acid composition in Holstein cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Rincon ◽  
Alma Islas-Trejo ◽  
Alejandro R Castillo ◽  
Dale E Bauman ◽  
Bruce J German ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Phenotypic Variance

Genes in the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) pathway play a central role in regulation of milk fat synthesis, especially the de-novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids. SCD, a SREBP-responsive gene, is the key enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in the mammary gland. In the present study, we discovered SNP in candidate genes associated with this signalling pathway and SCD to identify genetic markers that can be used for genetic and metabolically directed selection in cattle. We resequenced six candidate genes in the SREBP1 pathway (SREBP1, SCAP, INSIG1, INSIG2, MBTPS1, MBTPS2) and two genes for SCD (SCD1 and SCD5) and discovered 47 Tag SNP that were used in a marker-trait association study. Milk and blood samples were collected from Holstein cows in their 1st or 2nd parity at 100–150 days of lactation. Individual fatty acids from C4 to C20, saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, monounsaturated fatty acid content, polyunsaturated fatty acid content and desaturase indexes were measured and used to perform the asociation analysis. Polymorphisms in the SCD5 and INSIG2 genes were the most representative markers associated with SFA/unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio in milk. The analysis of desaturation activity determined that markers in the SCD1 and SCD5 genes showed the most significant effects. DGAT1 K232A marker was included in the study to examine the effect of this marker on the variation of milk fatty acids in our Holstein population. The percentage of variance explained by DGAT1 in the analysis was only 6% of SFA/UFA ratio. Milk fat depression was observed in one of the dairy herds and in this particular dairy one SNP in the SREBP1 gene (rs41912290) accounted for 40% of the phenotypic variance. Our results provide detailed SNP information for key genes in the SREBP1 signalling pathway and SCD that can be used to change milk fat composition by marker-assisted breeding to meet consumer demands regarding human health, as well as furthering understanding of technological aspects of cows' milk.

Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
S J Hosseini Vashan ◽  
N Afzali ◽  
A Golian ◽  
M Malekaneh ◽  
A Allahressani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

scholarly journals Sludge char-to-fuel approaches based on the hydrothermal fueling IV: fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Qin ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Ruiwen Yang ◽  
Jiao Fang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cyclic Amino Acids

Abstract Sewage sludge was subjected to hydrothermal fueling (HTF) (330 °C for 40 min), obtaining hydrochar at 13.5 MJ kg−1. The higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content. The results showed that although the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content, with the intensification of HTF, the increase in aliphatic/cyclic amino acids determined the production of HHV in the hydrochar. In order to increase the content of fatty acids and amino acids, the sludge was fermented. However, the Bacteroidetes consumed the organic matter too early, which was detrimental to the production of HHV. Therefore, appropriate sludge fermentation is recommended to restrict excessive Bacteroidetes proliferation, decompose lipids to saturated fatty acids, and convert proteins to aliphatic/cyclic amino acids to increase the efficiency of converting sludge to fuel.

Influence of Simazine and Atrazine on Free Fatty Acid Content in Isolated Chloroplasts

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Smith ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts, isolated from fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were treated with four concentrations of each 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) or 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) to determine the influence of these herbicides on the free fatty acid content in isolated chloroplasts. The treated chloroplast solutions were sampled at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min following treatment. Results indicated that most herbicide treatments increased free fatty acid content in isolated chloroplasts when compared with the zero concentration treatments. The increased fatty acid content was similar for most concentrations of simazine and atrazine. Results of individual fatty acid analyses indicated that the increase in total fatty acids was a result of increases in concentration of unsaturated rather than saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Proximate composition and fatty acid content of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae along the year seasons

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cavalcanti Martino ◽  
Gracinda Maria da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae

Mangrove oysters, Crassostrea rhizophorae were collected at the mangrove of "Barra de Guaratiba" district, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the aim to determine the proximate composition and fatty acid content. Along the year seasons no statistical (P>0.05) difference was observed in the values of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash. They were 82.0%; 9.7%; 1.7%; 3.2%, in average, respectively. However, glycogen was significantly (P<0.05) higher in spring (4.4%) and winter (4.2%) samples, than in summer (2.7%) and autumn (2.9%), samples. Saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were respectively, the most important fatty acids in oysters, with the palmitic acid (16:0), being the major fatty acid. This study, demonstrated that this species was characterized by low fat content (< 2.0%) and also being a good source of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) fatty acids. Therefore, C. rhizophorae, in terms of lipid and fatty acids, could be recommended for human consumption.

scholarly journals Useful properties of independent fatty acids in milk fat of milk of the cow and the influence of genetic factors on their content

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Z. V. Yemets ◽  
A. M. Mamenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Breed

Aim. Useful properties of essential fatty acids contained in cow milk fat and influence on their content (fatty acids) of genetic factors are analyzed in the article. Methods. The research was carried out in the course of a year by sampling of aggregate milk from cows of Ukrainian black-rippled dairy breed and Ukrainian red-rippled dairy breed, farm "Ukrainka Slobidsk" of Kharkiv region of the Institute of animal husbandry of Ukraine, under equilibrium conditions by gas-liquid chromatography. Results. The breed causes variability from 0.1% (lauric acid) to 5.9% (pentadecanoic acid) of fatty acid content in milk. The influence of the father of the cow on the content of essential fatty acids in the milk of dairy cows ranges from 7.2% (heptadecic acid) to 27% (decanoic acid). Conclusions. Genetic Factors - The breed and parent of the cow have a significant influence on the content of essential fatty acids in the cow’s milk. The breed causes variability from 0.1% (lauric acid) to 5.9% (pentadecanoic acid) variability of fatty acid content in milk. Keywords: essential fatty acids, milk fat, black-and-pockmarked, red-and-pockmarked, cow breed, genetic factors.

scholarly journals Seed nutrients and bioactive compounds of underutilised oil crop Carthamus tinctorius L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
Simona Jaćimović ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
Tijana Zeremski ◽  
Ana Marjanović-Jeromela
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Oil Crop

Seeds of seven different genotypes of underutilised oil crop Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae) from alternative oil species collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad, Serbia), were analysed for their protein, oil, fatty acids, tocopherols and total phenolics contents, with a view to test their diversity and potential as an alternative source of these valuable compounds. Seeds of the tested safflower genotypes had total protein (determined by Kjeldahl method) content from 11.5 to 16.0%, while total oil content (determined by Soxhlet method) ranged from 16.8 to 24.5% of dry matter, on average. Two main unsaturated fatty acids in safflower seeds, oleic and linoleic acids, represent approximately 90% of the total fatty acid content (determined by gas chromatography). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in all genotypes (61.2-80.2% of oil), while oleic acid was in a negative correlation with linolenic acid content and ranged from 9.6 to 29.5% of oil. The amount of saturated fatty acids ranged from 5.5 to 6.05% for palmitic, and 2.1 to 3.5% for stearic acid. Safflower seed is a source of a-tocopherol (determined by high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection) and its amount ranged from 358.8 to 461.8 mg/L of oil. The content of total phenolics (determined spectrophotometrically) ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight. This comprehensive screening of valuable chemical compounds of safflower seeds shows the importance of this alternative oil seed crop as a good source of important nutrients and bioactive constituents.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fatty Acids in Virgin Coconut Oil Frying at Various Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha ◽  
I Wayan Karta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Cooking Oil

Fatty acid content from virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) group. MCT is stable at very low and high temperatures, and the color does not turn black due to the addition of heat so that it can be developed into beneficial cooking oil for health. Therefore, a study was conducted on the content of fatty acids in VCO after being heated at temperatures of 150, 200, and 250°C for 60 minutes. Analysis of fatty acid content in control VCO(T0), VCO with heating temperatures of 150oC(T1), 200oC(T2), and 250oC(T3) was performed with GCMS QP-2010 Ultra.The results showed that there were differences in levels and types of fatty acids in VCO by treating T0, T1, T2, and T3. At these three temperatures still produce medium-chain saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids are not produced, so that VCO can be utilized as cooking oil that has better stability and benefits for health.

scholarly journals Quality of Meat from Female Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) and Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Hunted in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-262
Author(s):  
Snežana Ivanović ◽  
Boris Pisinov ◽  
Marija Pavlović ◽  
Ivan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractDeer meat is a high quality and valuable food for human consumption. It has high nutritive value because of its high protein and heme iron content, and low levels of fats and saturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the quality parameters of meat from fallow deer and roe deer that were hunted in Serbia. Parameters studied were live weight, carcass weight, chemical composition of meat, color, fatty acid content of meat, volatile compounds, and sensory characteristics. The results obtained show no significant difference in the chemical composition of these two species of deer meat, but there were differences regarding fatty acid content, volatile compounds, color and sensory properties of meat. The ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the deer meat ranged from 0.387 to 0.556. The results suggest that deer species has a significant impact on the fatty acid profile and content of volatile compounds of deer meat.

Alteration of the Fatty Acid Content of Milk Fat

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. BAER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Milk fatty acid composition can be influenced by several factors, many of which are interactive. These include stage of lactation, seasonal variation, low milk fat syndrome, feeding, genetic variation, and changes in the energy status of the cow due to administration of bovine somatotropin. Utilization of feeding, genetic variation, and bovine somatotropin should produce a milk fat lower in saturated and higher in unsaturated fatty acids. This may be beneficial to consumers, as many health professionals are recommending diets lower in saturated fatty acids. Giving consumers the option of purchasing low saturated fatty acid dairy products may also assist in alleviating the current milk fat surplus in the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fatty Acids in Breastmilk During a 9-month Lactation Period Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titin Aryani ◽  
Dwi Ernawati ◽  
Henny Parida Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Omega 6

Breastmilk is very much needed to meet the needs of babies in every way because it contains important nutrients, carbohydrates in the form of lactose, and fatty acids in the form of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Research on fatty acid content in breastmilk with a lactation period of 9 months is needed to provide information to the public related to fatty acid content of breastmilk during 9 months lactation. The study is to analyze fatty acid content in the form of saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fat contained in breast milk. Breastmilk taken in the study was as much as 50 ml in a 250 ml erlenmeyer solution. To the sample 50 ml of concentrated, HCL concentration was added as much as 5 m and then the solution was beat for 15 minutes and was exposed ultrasonic therapy for 1 hour. The solution was then extracted using n-hexane and aquabidest solution until the milk oil solution was separated. Milk oil was extracted by adding 50 ml of Na2SO4 1 m then deciphere was performed. The breastmilk milk extraction oil was weighed 0.1 gram in a Teflon-filled reaction tube. A 15% BF3 solution in methanol was added 0.5 ml and then was heated in an air bath with a temperature of 45 ° C for 30 minutes. After cooling, solution of 0.2 ml of n-hexane was added to form two layers. The upper layer which was fatty acid methyl ester was taken by using syringe and then was injected in GC-MS. In this study, the total saturated fatty acid was 42.54% and the total unsaturated fatty acid was 57.17%. Saturated fatty acids consisted of lauric, myristic, palmitate, and stearate. Omega-6 fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids consisted of omega-9 fatty acids. In Mother's Milk with 9 months lactation period there are various fatty acid content of both saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (omega-9) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-6).

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