Effects of heating and calcium and phosphate mineral supplementation on the physical properties of rennet-induced coagulation of camel and cow milk gels

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamal ◽  
Mohammed Foukani ◽  
Romdhane Karoui
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Weak Gels

The physical properties of rennet-induced coagulation of preheated camel and cow milk gels (50 and 70 °C for 10 min) enriched with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na2HPO42H2O) were evaluated using the dynamic low amplitude oscillatory shear analysis. The storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʺ) of camel milk gels showed significant (P < 0·05) lower values than those of cow milk gels. The preheating of camel milk at 50 °C affected negatively the gelation properties, while the preheating at 70 °C prevented the formation of rennet-induced milk gels. No effect was observed on the gelation properties of cow milk gels. The CaCl2 added at 10 and 20 mM to preheated camel and cow milk reduced significantly (P < 0·05) the gelation time and increased the gel firmness. In contrast, Na2HPO42H2O added at 10 and 20 mM induced the formation of weak gels for preheated camel and cow milk at 50 °C, and even no gelation for preheated camel milk at 70 °C.

Therapeutic Effect of Camel Milk in Children with Autism: Its Impact on Serum Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5698-5707
Author(s):  
Gehan Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Laila Al- Ayadhi
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Background: Camel milk (CAM) regulates the inflammatory process, apoptotic pathways and oxidative stress. Thus, it is a therapeutic possibility for many autoimmune disorders, including autism. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an anti-inflammatory peptide that facilitates the immune regulatory functions by recruiting regulatory T cells to induce immune tolerance and prevent the occurrence of autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAM consumption on both serum VIP levels and the severity of autism assessed by measuring the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Mehods: Sixty-five autistic children, aged between 3-12 years, were studied. Forty-seven patients received 500 mL of CAM (either raw "24 patients" or boiled "23 patients") in their regular daily diet for two weeks. Eighteen patients received 500 mL of cow milk for two weeks. For all patients, CARS and serum VIP levels were assessed before and after milk consumption. Results: Although there was a decrease in CARS scores in patients who received raw CAM, this decrease was non-significant (P=0.070). Serum VIP levels were increased in patients who consumed CAM, either raw (P=0.076) or boiled (P=0.065), but this increase was non-significant.  Conclusions: CAM consumption for 2 weeks neither significantly decreased the severity of autism nor increased serum anti-inflammatory VIP levels. The lack of a significant response to CAM in this study may be attributable to the short duration of CAM consumption. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of CAM consumption for a longer duration on serum VIP levels and the severity of autism.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Composition, Nutritional Value, and Functional Properties of Camel Milk Fat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Bakry ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Sameh A. Korma ◽  
Ibrahim Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Milk Fat Globules ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Recently, camel milk (CM) has been considered as a health-promoting icon due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. CM fat globule membrane has numerous health-promoting properties, such as anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial properties, which are suitable for people who are allergic to cow’s milk. CM contains milk fat globules with a small size, which accounts for their rapid digestion. Moreover, it also comprises lower amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids concurrent with higher levels of essential fatty acids than cow milk, with an improved lipid profile manifested by reducing cholesterol levels in the blood. In addition, it is rich in phospholipids, especially plasmalogens and sphingomyelin, suggesting that CM fat may meet the daily nutritional requirements of adults and infants. Thus, CM and its dairy products have become more attractive for consumers. In view of this, we performed a comprehensive review of CM fat’s composition and nutritional properties. The overall goal is to increase knowledge related to CM fat characteristics and modify its unfavorable perception. Future studies are expected to be directed toward a better understanding of CM fat, which appears to be promising in the design and formulation of new products with significant health-promoting benefits.

scholarly journals Rheological and Structural Properties of Camel Milk/Sweet Potato Starch Gel

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. A. Mohamed ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
M. S. Alamri ◽  
M. A Ibraheem ◽  
Akram A. Abdo Qasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Viscous Modulus ◽  
Power Law Exponent ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch ◽  
Unique Composition

The unique composition of camel milk limited its use for fermented products preparation. In this research, camel milk (CAM) or cow milk (COM) was blended with sweet potato starch (SPS). Blends were precooked and the rheological properties of the gel were determined. Since the elastic modulus (G′) was much greater than the viscous modulus (G″), milk + SPS gels are considered viscoelastic. The tan δ of all blends was <1.0, signifying solid-like behavior; however, variations between CAM gels or COM were identified. Unlike COM, CAM was more frequency-dependent at low frequencies (0.1 to 1.0 rad/sec). Gels exhibited shear thinning according to the nonlinear rheological tests. Camel milk exhibited gel hardness much higher than cow milk. Because of the domination of G′ and the low power law exponent, camel milk is expected to present processing complications such as in extrusion cooking.

Camel Milk Composition and Nutritional Value

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaukhar S. Konuspayeva
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein ◽  
Atherogenicity Index ◽  
Recognition Protein ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

If gross composition of camel milk is roughly comparable to cow milk, fine composition shows significant differences explaining potential health benefit for regular consumers. The main particularities of camel milk are (1) better atherogenicity index thanks to its higher proportion of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to other milks, (2) different proportion of caseins than cow milk leading to difficult clotting, (3) lack of β-lactoglobulin, often responsible for cow milk allergy, (4) slightly higher concentration in antibacterial and immunity support proteins with higher bio-activity than in other milk, (5) presence of WAP (whey acidic protein) and PGRP (peptidoglycan-recognition protein) not available in cow milk, (6) probable efficient insulin for supporting better glycemia regulation, (7) better metabolization of lactose leading to lower intolerance in consumers, (8) richness in sodium and iron compared to other milks, and (9) contrasted values of vitamins (less vitamins B, high quantity of vitamins C and D). This chapter explores camel milk composition and nutritional value.

scholarly journals Camel Milk Is a Safer Choice than Goat Milk for Feeding Children with Cow Milk Allergy

ISRN Allergy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ehlayel ◽  
Abdulbari Bener ◽  
Khalid Abu Hazeima ◽  
Fatima Al-Mesaifri
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow Milk Allergy

Background. Various sources of mammalian milk have been tried in CMA. Objectives. To determine whether camel milk is safer than goat milk in CMA. Methods. Prospective study conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation between April 2007 and April 2010, on children with CMA. Each child had medical examination, CBC, total IgE, cow milk-specific IgE and SPT. CMA children were tested against fresh camel and goat milks. Results. Of 38 children (median age 21.5 months), 21 (55.3%) presented with urticaria, 17 (39.5%) atopic dermatitis, 10 (26.3%) anaphylaxis. WBC was 10,039±4,735 cells/μL, eosinophil 1,143±2,213 cells/μL, IgE 694±921 IU/mL, cow's milk-specific-IgE 23.5±35.6 KU/L. Only 7 children (18.4%) tested positive to camel milk and 24 (63.2%) to goat milk. 6 (15.8%) were positive to camel, goat, and cow milks. Patients with negative SPT tolerated well camel and goat milks. Conclusions. In CMA, SPT indicates low cross-reactivity between camel milk and cow milk, and camel milk is a safer alternative than goat milk.

Preparation and physical characterization of strongly swellable oligo(oxyethylene) lignin hydrogels

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Passauer ◽  
Klaus Fischer ◽  
Falk Liebner
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Tan Δ

Abstract Highly swellable, mechanically stable hydrogels were obtained by cross-linking different technical lignins with poly(ethylene) glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE). The gelation time and the properties of the products can be controlled by the extent of pre-oxidation and the cross-linking conditions, namely the dynamic viscosity η*, storage and loss modulus (G′; G″), and loss factor tan δ. The highest free swelling capacities (FSC) of up to 50 g water per g xerogel were obtained from pre-oxidized pine kraft lignin Indulin® AT and spruce organosolv lignin. Dynamic rheological measurements confirmed the typical rheological behaviour of gel structures, i.e. a linear decrease of dynamic viscosity about three orders of magnitude within a frequency range of 0.08 and 20 s-1. The results furthermore revealed a good mechanical sturdiness of the cross-linked lignin hydrogels. Sandy soils supplemented with small quantities of the hydrogels were found to feature a significantly increased plant-available water content. Based on the observed effects, oligo(oxyethylene) lignins are promising materials with respect to a prolonged water retention in soils.

Molecular characterization and genetic variability of Alpha Casein gene, CSN1S1 in Bikaneri camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jayakumar ◽  
Karan Veer Singh ◽  
S. P. Dixit ◽  
Z. S. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Nomadic Communities

Camel milk is an important protein source for the nomadic communities living in the arid lands of the world, In recent years there has been an increase in consumption of non-bovine milk as an alternative protein source for humans. Camel milk seems to be containing larger amount of total proteins, such as lactoferrin and immunoglobulins as compared to the cow milk, which may be responsible for the better antimicrobial properties. The casein fraction of milk proteins consists of four caseins, namely as1-casein, as2-casein, b-casein, and k-casein. Casein genetic polymorphisms are important due to their effects on quantitative traits and technological properties of milk. This work was designed to study occurrence of polymorphism of a-casein in native Bikaneri camel (Camelus dromedarius) raw milk sample and to characterize these variants on molecular level.

Camel milk: alternative milk for human consumption and its health benefits

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Akhilesh K. Verma ◽  
Manish Kumar Chatli ◽  
Raghvendar Singh ◽  
Pavan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World

Purpose – Camel as a livestock plays an important role in desert ecosystem and its milk has potential contribution in human nutrition in the hot and arid regions of the world. This milk contains all the essential nutrients as found in other milk. Fresh and fermented camel milk has been used in different regions in the world including India, Russia and Sudan for human consumption as well as for treatment of a series of diseases such as dropsy, jaundice, tuberculosis, asthma and leishmaniasis or kala-azar. The present paper aims to explore the possibility of camel milk as an alternative milk for human consumption. Design/methodology/approach – Recently, camel milk and its components were also reported to have other potential therapeutic properties, such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and renoprotective potential; and for autism, and has been recommended to be consumed by children who are allergic to bovine milk. Findings – It has also been reported to alleviate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats. Camel milk differs from bovine milk in composition. It contains low total solids and fat; however, proteins and lactose are in equal amount but of higher quality than cow milk. Because of the high percentage of β-casein, low percentage of α-casein, deficiency of β-lactoglobulin and similarity of the immunoglobulins, it become safer for persons who are allergic to bovine milk. It contains protective proteins in higher amount which contributes to its functionality. The fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis of camel protein produce different types of bioactive peptides which exerts different activity in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Originality/value – Because of its unique quality and functionality, this milk has potential application in management of different diseases and application in food industries.

Investigating the carbon materials’ microwave absorption and its effects on the mechanical and physical properties of carbon fiber and carbon black/ polypropylene composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (16) ◽  
pp. 2263-2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Rezania ◽  
Hamid Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Carbon compounds have high dielectric losses, which means that these materials are heated efficiently by microwave irradiation. Carbon materials can be used as microwave absorbers in polymeric materials that are transparent to microwave irradiation. In this paper, carbon-reinforced polypropylene composites were exposed to microwave irradiation and then their dynamic mechanical thermal properties, electromagnetic shielding, and surface morphology were investigated. The test results showed that mechanical and physical properties of carbon–polypropylene composites improved following microwave exposure. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results showed that their storage and loss modulus were improved following microwave treatment. It is postulated that microwave irradiation heats carbon materials, which is likely to melt neighboring matrix thus improving interfacial adhesion and structural defects.

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