Mustard and cumin seeds improve feed utilisation, milk production and milk fatty acids of Damascus goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A Morsy ◽  
Ahmed E Kholif ◽  
Osama H Matloup ◽  
Amgad Abu Elella ◽  
Uchenna Y Anele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Utilisation

The experiments reported in this Research Paper aimed to study the effects of mustard and cumin seeds inclusion on feed utilisation, milk production, composition, and profile of milk fatty acids in lactating Damascus goats. The study was a completely randomised design with repeated measurements in time using fifteen goats (6 ± 2 d of lactation) divided into 3 treatments (5 goats per treatment). Goats were offered a control diet of berseem clover and concentrates (1 : 1 dry matter (DM) basis) or the control diet supplemented with either 10 g/d of dried mustard seeds (mustard treatment) or 10 g/d of cumin seeds (cumin treatment) for 12 weeks. Treatments had no effect (P > 0·05) on feed intake, but enhanced (P < 0·05) digestibility of DM, organic matter, non-structural carbohydrates, and fibre fractions. Digestibility was greater (P < 0·001) with cumin treatment compared with mustard treatment. Mustard and cumin seeds had greater (P < 0·05) ruminal total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, and molar proportion of propionate, with greater (P < 0·001) SCFA production for cumin vs. mustard treatment. Mustard and cumin seeds increased (P < 0·05) concentrations of serum total proteins, globulin, and glucose and lowered (P < 0·05) serum cholesterol concentration. Mustard and cumin seeds inclusion elevated milk production (P = 0·007), while cumin increased milk contents (P < 0·05) of fat and lactose. Cumin treatment lowered (P < 0·05) milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) and had greater total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents. Overall, supplementing diets of Damascus goats with mustard or cumin seeds at 10 g/daily enhanced feed digestion, ruminal fermentation, milk yield (actual production by 6·8 and 11·1%, and energy corrected milk yield by 10·1 and 15·4%, respectively) and positively modified milk fatty acid profile with a 3·9% decrease in milk individual and total SFA, and an increase in individual and total UFA by about 9·7%, and total CLA by about 23·1%.

scholarly journals The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽  
Luis J. Royo ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Chocarro ◽  
Fernando Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Zero Grazing

The optimization of milk production includes a rational use of forages, respect for the environment and offers the best quality to consumers. Milk production based on grass and forages produces healthier milk and it is widely spread throughout the Atlantic arc to maximize milk yield per hectare. However, the mode of offering the grass can have a major influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grass supply mode (grazing, zero-grazing or ensiling) on dairy cows’ performance, with particular reference to fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentration. A three by three Latin square experiment was performed with 18 dairy cows. Experimental treatments consisted of exclusive feeding with grass silage and zero-grazing, both offered ad libitum indoors, or grazing for 24 h. The results showed that grazing cows had a higher dry matter intake and greater milk yield than cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, as well as higher concentrations of protein, lactose, nonfat-solids and urea in milk than housed cows. Milk fat from grazing cows had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than from cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, with significant differences in the proportion of vaccenic and rumenic acids. The 18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10 ratio is proposed as biomarker to identify the milk produced from the management system of grazing cattle. Milk from grazing cows had a greater proportion of lutein than cows eating grass silage, with the zero-grazing system having intermediate values. In conclusion, the mode of grass supply affects fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of milk.

scholarly journals Effects of Extruded Linseed and Soybean Dietary Supplementation on Lactation Performance, First-Service Conception Rate, and Mastitis Incidence in Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Ahmed Dawod ◽  
Hamada Ahmed ◽  
Reham Abou-Elkhair ◽  
Hamed T. Elbaz ◽  
Ayman E. Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study quantifies the effects of extruded linseed and soybean (ELS) dietary supplementation on milk yield, composition, and fatty acid profiles, as well as first-service conception rate in Holstein dairy cows. Seventy-eight open Holstein dairy cows were divided into two groups: (1) a control, which received a basal diet; and (2) a test group, which received a basal diet supplemented with the ELS (650 g/kg of extruded linseed and 150 g/kg of extruded soybean) at a rate of 100 g/kg. In the ELS group, milk yield per day and solid not fat (SNF) yield increased by 3.26% and 0.88%, respectively, in relation to the control. Percentage milk fat decreased significantly by 1.4% in the ELS group when compared with the control. The ELS supplement resulted in a decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and an increase in monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in milk. In conclusion, the supplementation of dairy cow feed with 100 g/kg of ELS increases milk yield and milk unsaturated fatty acids (especially MUFAs and PUFAs). ELS supplementation also causes a decrease in percentage fat and SFA levels but does not affect the first-service conception rate or the incidence rate of mastitis.

DietaryChlorella vulgarismicroalgae improves feed utilization, milk production and concentrations of conjugated linoleic acids in the milk of Damascus goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. KHOLIF ◽  
T. A. MORSY ◽  
O. H. MATLOUP ◽  
U. Y. ANELE ◽  
A. G. MOHAMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Conjugated Linoleic Acid

SUMMARYFifteen lactating Damascus goats (44 ± 0·8 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the supplementation ofChlorella vulgarismicroalgae at 0 (Control), 5 (Alg05) and 10 g/goat/day (Alg10) for 12 weeks.Chlorella vulgaristreatments increased feed intake and apparent diet digestibility compared with a control diet. No differences were noted in the ruminal pH and ammonia-N concentrations, but increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids and propionic acid were observed in goats fed with Alg05 and Alg10. Diets of Alg05 and Alg10 increased serum glucose concentration but decreased glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and cholesterol concentrations. Additionally,C. vulgarissupplementation moderately increased milk yield, energy corrected milk, total solids, solids not fat and lactose. Feeding Alg05 and Alg10 diets increased milk unsaturated fatty acids with concomitant increases in total conjugated linoleic acid concentrations. It is concluded that the daily inclusion of 5 or 10 g ofC. vulgarisin the diets of Damascus goats increased milk yield and positively modified milk fatty acid profile.

CHANGES IN THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF FETAL PIGS FROM SOWS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. FARNWORTH ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Percent Composition

Heart, liver, lungs and kidneys were taken from fetal pigs at 57, 85, and 110 d of gestation. Sows had been fed either a no-fat-added control diet or one with either added tallow (high in saturated fatty acids) or added soybean oil (high in unsaturated fatty acids). Maternal diet had no significant effect on organ weight, organ total lipid, or the percent composition of nine lipid classes in the total lipid extracts. Significant changes in composition were found as the fetuses developed, and differences in composition were also evident among tissues. The fatty acid composition of the triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions of the four internal organs also showed developmental changes. Key words: Fetus, lipid, pig, organs, development

scholarly journals Cholesterol reduction using manufactured foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids: a randomized crossover study

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Williams ◽  
J. A. Francis-Knapper ◽  
D. Webb ◽  
C. A. Brookes ◽  
A. Zampelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mufa Diet

In two separate studies, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was evaluated by means of a randomized crossover trial. In both studies subjects were randomized to receive either a high-MUFA diet or the control diet first, which they followed for a period of 8 weeks; following a washout period of 4–6 weeks they were transferred onto the opposing diet for a further period of 8 weeks. In one study subjects were healthy middle-aged men (n30), and in the other they were young men (n23) with a family history of CHD recruited from two centres (Guildford and Dublin). The two studies were conducted over the same time period using identical foods and study designs. Subjects consumed 38 % energy as fat, with 18 % energy as MUFA and 10 % as saturated fatty acids (MUFA diet), or 13 % energy as MUFA and 16 % as saturated fatty acids (control diet). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of each diet was 7 %. The diets were achieved by providing subjects with manufactured foods such as spreads, ‘ready meals’, biscuits, puddings and breads, which, apart from their fatty acid compositions, were identical for both diets. Subjects were blind to which of the diets they were following on both arms of the study. Weight changes on the diets were less than 1 kg. In the groups combined (n53) mean total and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower at the end of the MUFA diet than the control diet by 0·29 (sd 0·61) mmol/l (P< 0·001) and 0·38 (sd 0·64) mmol/l (P< 0·0001) respectively. In middle-aged men these differences were due to a mean reduction in LDL-cholesterol of – 11 (sd 12) % on the MUFA diet with no change on the control diet (−1·1 (sd 10) %). In young men the differences were due to an increase in LDL-cholesterol concentration on the control diet of +6·2 (sd 13) % and a decrease on the MUFA diet of −7·8 (sd 20) %. Differences in the responses of middle-aged and young men to the two diets did not appear to be due to differences in their habitual baseline diets which were generally similar, but appeared to reflect the lower baseline cholesterol concentrations in the younger men. There was a moderately strong and statistically significant inverse correlation between the change in LDL-cholesterol concentration on each diet and the baseline fasting LDL-cholesterol concentration (r– 0·49;P< 0·0005). In conclusion, diets in which saturated fat is partially replaced by MUFA can achieve significant reductions in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, even when total fat and energy intakes are maintained. The dietary approach used to alter fatty acid intakes would be appropriate for achieving reductions in saturated fat intakes in whole populations.

Effect of feeding system on unsaturated fatty acid level in milk of dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Morales-Almaráz ◽  
B. de la Roza-Delgado ◽  
A. González ◽  
A. Soldado ◽  
M.L. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

AbstractIn recent years, consumer attitudes toward fat of animal origin have changed owing to findings that some milk fatty acids (FAs) are positive for human health, especially conjugated linolenic acid and n-3 FAs. Accordingly, the manipulation of the fat content and FA composition of cows’ milk via nutritional strategies has been an important target for the dairy industry in many countries. Twenty commercial Holstein–Friesian dairy herds of Asturias (northern Spain) with 1106 dairy cows were examined in order to evaluate milk FA profiles under different management systems. These herds were divided into three groups according to management: (1) indoor herds: cows feeding indoors, (2) mixed herds: indoor management system but with at least 6 h of grazing outdoors and (3) outdoor herds: cows allowed 6–18 h of grazing per day. Milk from the indoor herds exhibited the highest concentration of fat (3.57%; P⩽0.01), protein (3.14%; P⩽0.001), lactose (4.76%; P⩽0.01) and urea (29.4 mg dl−1; P⩽0.01). The milk of outdoor herds had a lower (P⩽0.05) content of short-chain FAs than that of the indoor and mixed herds (10.89 versus 11.52 and 11.35 g 100 g−1 FA). The milk of the indoor herds had higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (67.56 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) and palmitic and palmitoleic acids (30.16 and 1.82 g 100 g−1 FA, respectively), while that of the mixed and outdoors herds had higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (34.58 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) and long-chain FAs, especially stearic (13.89 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.01), vaccenic (2.77 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001), conjugated linoleic (0.92 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) and linolenic (0.42 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) acids. Results from this study suggest that the incorporation of forage and pasture in the diet of dairy cows can improve the FA profile of milk.

scholarly journals Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. S37-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mansbridge ◽  
J. S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The predominant fatty acids in milk are the long-chain fatty acids myristic, palmitic and stearic. These saturated fatty acids account for 75 % of the total fatty acids, with a further 21 % occurring as monounsaturated fatty acids of which the most prevalent is oleic acid. Only 4 g/lOO g of the milk fatty acids are polyunsaturated, occurring mainly as linoleic and linolenic acids. All milk fatty acids are derived, almost equally, from either de novo synthesis or directly from preformed fatty acids in the diet. There are four main dietary sources of fatty acids: forages, oilseeds, fish oil and fat supplements. The digestive tract exerts a profound influence on the fate of dietary fatty acids. The short-chain saturated free fatty acids are absorbed through the walls of the rumen or abomasum into the bloodstream. The medium- and longer-chain saturated fatty acids pass into the small intestine, diffuse across the membrane wall where they are incorporated into lipoproteins and enter the bloodstream via the lymphatic system. The majority of unsaturated fatty acids are extensively hydrogenated in the rumen. However, recent work has shown that the levels of certain saturated fatty acids can be reduced and the levels of oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids increased by feeding oilseeds rich in mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, work reported here has confirmed that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids can be transferred to milk when a diet containing fish oil is fed, but the transfer efficiencies are low

Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and copper mixture supplementation enhanced the nutrient digestibility and milk attributes in lactating boer goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Ayman Y. Kassab ◽  
Hatem A. Hamdon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Boer Goats

AbstractThirty-two lactating Boer goats (35.2 ± 1.4 kg body weight) were grouped into control and three treatment groups in completely randomised design. In treatment groups, supplementation was done as a mixture of 5 g Chlorella vulgaris + 4.5 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet from CuSO4 (Alg5 treatment), 10 g C. vulgaris + 9 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet (Alg10 treatment), or a mixture of 15 g C. vulgaris + 13.5 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet (Alg15 treatment). Treatments did not affect feed intake; however, Alg10 treatment increased (P<0.001) nutrient digestibility. Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, ammonia-N, butyrate; however, the Alg10 treatment increased (P<0.01) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, propionate and acetate concentrations. Without affecting other blood measurements, the Alg10 treatment quadratically increased (P<0.001) serum glucose and Cu. The Alg10 treatments increased (P<0.001) daily milk production and the concentration of fat, and enhanced milk (feed) efficiency. The Alg10 treatment decreased (P<0.05) milk saturated fatty acids and the atherogenic index, and increased the proportions of total conjugated linoleic acids, C18:1n9t, odd fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids compared with the control treatment. Present study concluded that inclusion of a mixture of 10 g C. vulgaris + 9 mg Cu/kg diet in the diet of lactating Boer goats enhanced nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk production, feed efficiency as well as milk nutritive value. Increasing the dose of the mixture to 15 g C. vulgaris + 13.5 mg Cu/kg diet is not recommended in the diet of lactating Boer goats.

Effect of spring versus autumn grass/clover silage and rapeseed supplementation on milk production, composition and quality in Jersey cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Krogh Larsen ◽  
Stefania Vogdanou ◽  
Anne Louise F. Hellwing ◽  
Iga Rybicka ◽  
Martin Riis Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Jersey Cows

The composition of grass/clover silage varies depending on time of harvest time. In particular silage from late regrowths is expected to contain lower fibre and higher linolenic acid concentrations compared to spring growth, thereby autumn silage is expected to increase linolenic acid content of milk fat. Rapeseed supplementation is expected to increase milk production and to increase all C18 fatty acids in milk fat. An interaction between rapeseed and silage type is expected, as hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in rapeseed is expected to be less when low fibre silage is fed. Thirty-six Jersey cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, for 4 periods of 3 weeks and with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: spring grass/clover silage from primary growth or autumn grass/clover silage which was an equal mixture of 3rd regrowth and 4th regrowth, with or without rapeseed supplementation. Dry matter intake and milk production was higher for autumn than for spring silage. Rapeseed supplementation did not affect dry matter intake, but increased milk production. The concentrations of C18 : 1cis9, C18 : 2n6 and β-carotene and C18 : 3n3 in milk were increased whereas the concentrations of C16 : 0, riboflavin and α-tocopherol were decreased with autumn silage. The majority of C18 FAs in milk and α-tocopherol concentration increased with rapeseed whereas C11 : 0 to C16 : 0 FA were reduced. Autumn silage reduced biohydrogenation of C18 : 2n6, whereas rapeseed increased biohydrogenation of C18 : 2n6 and reduced biohydrogenation of C18 : 3n3. Apparent recovery of C18 : 2n6 was reduced with rapeseed. Minor interaction effects of silage type and rapeseed addition were observed for some milk fatty acids. Feeding silage from late regrowth increased linolenic acid concentration in milk fat. Rapeseed inclusion increased milk production, and increased C18 : 0 as well as C18 : 1 fatty acids, but not C18 : 2 and C18 : 3 in milk fat. Interactions between silage type and rapeseed supplementation were minimal.

scholarly journals The Use of Juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) Supplementation for Suppression of NF-κB Pathway in the Hypothalamus after High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Santamarina ◽  
Giovana Jamar ◽  
Laís Mennitti ◽  
Veridiana de Rosso ◽  
Helena Cesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Freeze Dried

Obesity is associated with modern diets that are rich in saturated fatty acids. These dietary patterns are linked to low-grade proinflammatory mechanisms, such as the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway rapidly activated through high-fat diets. Juçara is a berry rich in anthocyanins and unsaturated fatty acids, which prevents obesity and associated comorbidities. We evaluated the effect of different doses of freeze-dried juçara pulp on NF-κB pathway after the consumption of short-term high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats with ad libitum access to food and water were divided into four groups: Control diet (C), high-fat diet (HFC), high-fat diet with 0.25% juçara (HFJ 0.25%), and high-fat diet with 0.5% juçara (HFJ 0.5%). Energy intake and body weight gain were increased in HFC and HFJ 0.5% groups compared to C group. The hypothalamus weight reduced in the HFC group compared to C and HFJ 0.25% groups. Cytokines, MYD88, TRAF6, and pNF-κBp50 levels in the hypothalamus, serum triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acid levels were improved in the HFJ 0.25% group. In summary, the HFJ 0.25% group had better protective effects than those in the HFJ 0.5%. Therefore, 0.25% juçara can be used to protect against central inflammation through the high-fat diet-induced NF-κB pathway.

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