scholarly journals The Use of Juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) Supplementation for Suppression of NF-κB Pathway in the Hypothalamus after High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Santamarina ◽  
Giovana Jamar ◽  
Laís Mennitti ◽  
Veridiana de Rosso ◽  
Helena Cesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Freeze Dried

Obesity is associated with modern diets that are rich in saturated fatty acids. These dietary patterns are linked to low-grade proinflammatory mechanisms, such as the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway rapidly activated through high-fat diets. Juçara is a berry rich in anthocyanins and unsaturated fatty acids, which prevents obesity and associated comorbidities. We evaluated the effect of different doses of freeze-dried juçara pulp on NF-κB pathway after the consumption of short-term high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats with ad libitum access to food and water were divided into four groups: Control diet (C), high-fat diet (HFC), high-fat diet with 0.25% juçara (HFJ 0.25%), and high-fat diet with 0.5% juçara (HFJ 0.5%). Energy intake and body weight gain were increased in HFC and HFJ 0.5% groups compared to C group. The hypothalamus weight reduced in the HFC group compared to C and HFJ 0.25% groups. Cytokines, MYD88, TRAF6, and pNF-κBp50 levels in the hypothalamus, serum triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acid levels were improved in the HFJ 0.25% group. In summary, the HFJ 0.25% group had better protective effects than those in the HFJ 0.5%. Therefore, 0.25% juçara can be used to protect against central inflammation through the high-fat diet-induced NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat quantity and composition on fasting and postprandial levels of coagulation factor VII and serum choline-containing phospholipids

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schou Lindman ◽  
Hanne Müller ◽  
Ingebjørg Seljeflot ◽  
Hans Prydz ◽  
Marit Veierød ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Coagulation Factor Vii ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Dietary fat influences plasma levels of coagulation factor VII (FVII) and serum phospholipids (PL). It is, however, unknown if the fat-mediated changes in FVII are linked to PL. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fat on fasting and postprandial levels of activated FVII (FVIIa), FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc), FVII protein (FVIIag) and choline-containing PL (PC). In a randomized single-blinded crossover-designed study a high-fat diet (HSAFA), a low-fat diet (LSAFA), both rich in saturated fatty acids, and a high-fat diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) were consumed for 3 weeks. Twenty-five healthy females, in which postprandial responses were studied in a subset of twelve, were included. The HSAFA diet resulted in higher levels of fasting FVIIa and PC compared with the LSAFA and the HUFA diets (all comparisonsP≤0·01). The fasting PC levels after the LSAFA diet were also higher than after the HUFA diet (P<0·001). Postprandial levels of FVIIa and PC were highest on the HSAFA diet and different from LSAFA and HUFA (all comparisonsP≤0·05). Postprandial FVIIa was higher on the HUFA compared with the LSAFA diet (P<0·03), whereas the HUFA diet resulted in lower postprandial levels of PC than the LSAFA diet (P<0·001). Significant correlations between fasting levels of PC and FVIIc were found on all diets, whereas FVIIag was correlated to PC on the HSAFA and HUFA diet. The present results indicate that dietary fat, both quality and quantity, influences fasting and postprandial levels of FVIIa and PC. Although significant associations between fasting FVII and PC levels were found, our results do not support the assumption that postprandial FVII activation is linked to serum PC.

scholarly journals Composition of a maternal high fat diet rich in satured fats and omega 3 in gestation and lactation for studies with rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mata de Lima SILVA ◽  
Aline Maria Nunes de Lira Gomes BLOISE ◽  
Danilo Augusto Ferreira FONTES ◽  
Katarynna Santos de ARAÚJO ◽  
Mariana Oliveira BARBOSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat

ABSTRACT Objective To prepare a high fat diet rich in satured fatty acids and supplemented with omega 3 for experimental studies in rodents. Methods Purified industrial ingredients and flaxseed oil as a source of omega 3 at a concentration of 3.5% (v/w) were used in the elaboration of the diets. Centesimal and nutritional compositions, fatty acids profile and dietary intake were evaluated. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and glucose in pregnant rats were verified. The offspring were assessed with regard to body mass and waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anova One-Way test and Bonferroni post-test. Results High fat and high fat with omega 3 diets presented, respectively, 37% and 36% saturated fat, and the lipid amount was 80% higher than the American Institute of Nutrition 93G control diet. The omega 3 content was 50% higher in the high fat with omega 3 diet. There was no difference in consumption of diet types in weight (grams). The dams that received the High fat diet developed hypercholesterolemia and their High fat offspring exhibited higher body mass on the 1st day of life and increased abdominal circumference on the 30th day of life compared to the control and the high fat with omega 3 offspring. Conclusion The formulated diets with a higher amount of saturated fatty acids meet the nutritional requirements of the gestation and lactation period. The high fat diet with omega 3 was able to attenuate the changes observed in dams and their offspring.

scholarly journals Soybean Oil-Derived Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Liver Damage in NAFLD Induced by Dietary Cholesterol

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janin Henkel ◽  
Eugenia Alfine ◽  
Juliana Saín ◽  
Korinna Jöhrens ◽  
Daniela Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

While the impact of dietary cholesterol on the progression of atherosclerosis has probably been overestimated, increasing evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol might favor the transition from blunt steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), especially in combination with high fat diets. It is poorly understood how cholesterol alone or in combination with other dietary lipid components contributes to the development of lipotoxicity. The current study demonstrated that liver damage caused by dietary cholesterol in mice was strongly enhanced by a high fat diet containing soybean oil-derived ω6-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (ω6-PUFA), but not by a lard-based high fat diet containing mainly saturated fatty acids. In contrast to the lard-based diet the soybean oil-based diet augmented cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes, presumably by impairing cholesterol-eliminating pathways. The soybean oil-based diet enhanced cholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage and amplified the ensuing oxidative stress, probably by peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in hepatocyte death, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and caused a transition from steatosis to NASH, doubling the NASH activity score. Thus, the recommendation to reduce cholesterol intake, in particular in diets rich in ω6-PUFA, although not necessary to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, might be sensible for patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals Effect of freeze-dried pasture herbage on ileal digestibility of amino acids and fatty acids in chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
M. Marounek ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
E. Skřivanová ◽  
K. Růnová
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Negative Effect

The ileal digestibility of amino acids and fatty acids in young chickens fed control diet or experimental diets supplemented with freeze-dried pasture herbage at 20 or 40 g/kg was studied. Control diet contained wheat, maize, and soybean meal. Predominant species in the pasture herbage harvested in May were Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis, and Trifolium pratense. Freeze-dried pasture herbage contained less protein (169 g/kg) and fat (24 g/kg) and more neutral detergent and acid detergent fibre (340 and 210 g/kg) and tannins (12.38 g/kg) than control diet. Concentrations of amino acids, except phenylalanine and threonine, were lower in pasture herbage than in control feed. In both the control feed and freeze-dried pasture herbage, unsaturated fatty acids occurred in higher proportions than saturated fatty acids. In freeze-dried pasture herbage linolenic acid was the main fatty acid. In chickens fed freeze-dried pasture herbage the ileal digestibility of amino acids and fatty acids decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Freeze-dried pasture herbage at 4% in diet had negative effect (P &lt; 0.05) on the digestibility of amino acids and fatty acids in comparison with control diet. But there was no significant effect of 2% freeze-dried pasture herbage in diet on amino acids digestibility. This suggests that pasture herbage contains anti-nutritional factors that inhibit proteolysis and lipolysis. The effect of pasture herbage on digestibility was variable. In chickens fed diets containing 4% freeze-dried pasture herbage, apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids varied from 0.39 (cysteine) to 0.91 (methionine). Variability in the ileal digestibility of fatty acids was less pronounced (from 0.65 to 0.89).

scholarly journals Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
D. Valent ◽  
L. Arroyo ◽  
E. Fàbrega ◽  
M. Font-i-Furnols ◽  
M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Functions

The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.

scholarly journals Effects of a Mixed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Formulation with Claimed Probiotic Properties on Cardiometabolic Variables, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire ◽  
Luciana Caroline Paulino do Nascimento ◽  
Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira ◽  
Alisson Macário de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Henrique Napoleão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been linked to dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of a mixed formulation with Limosilactobacillusfermentum 139, L. fermentum 263 and L. fermentum 296 on cardiometabolic parameters, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues of male rats fed an HFD. Male Wistar rats were grouped into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6) and HFD with L. fermentum formulation (HFD-Lf, n = 6) groups. The L.fermentum formulation (1 × 109 CFU/mL of each strain) was administered twice a day for 4 weeks. After a 4-week follow-up, biochemical parameters, fecal SCFA, cytokines and oxidative stress variables were evaluated. HFD consumption caused hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation, reduced fecal acetate and propionate contents and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues when compared to the CTL group. Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, but similar SCFA contents in comparison with the HFD group (p < 0.05). Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had increased antioxidant capacity throughout the colon and heart tissues when compared with the control group. Administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation prevented hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues induced by HFD consumption.

scholarly journals A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel González-Hedström ◽  
Sara Amor ◽  
María de la Fuente-Fernández ◽  
Antonio Tejera-Muñoz ◽  
Teresa Priego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding a High-fat Diet in Mice Elevates Plasma Concentration of Saturated Fatty Acids but Reduces Concentrations of Multiple Amino Acids (OR27-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret Rust ◽  
Aaron Mehus ◽  
Joseph Idso ◽  
Matthew Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Obesity and obesity-related disease contribute to health care costs and pose serious health risks. Rodent studies indicate that time-restricted feeding (TRF) may be effective in reducing adiposity and metabolic disease associated with obesity. However, the metabolic pathways impacted by TRF in the context of obesogenic, high-fat (HF) diets need clarity. In the present work we examined the metabolomic changes in plasma induced by TRF of a HF diet in mice compared to a HF diet eaten ad libitum (AL) vs AL intake of a low-fat (LF) control diet. Methods Male mice (12 weeks old) were fed a LF-AL diet (16%en fat), a HF-AL diet (48%en fat) or a HF diet restricted to feeding for 12 hours per day during the dark phase (HF-TRF). In week 9 of the study, energy expenditure data were collected. After 12 weeks, animals were fasted and plasma collected for clinical chemistries and metabolomic analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to discriminate diet treatments in untargeted metabolomic data. Results Energy expenditure measurements throughout the day showed a markedly reduced fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in HF-TRF mice during the inactive (light) phase compared to AL groups. Measures of insulin resistance, while increased with HF-AL intake, were resolved in the HF-TRF group. Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and amino acids (AA) to be important discriminators between diet treatments. TRF resulted in elevated NEFA concentrations of the saturated fatty acids (12:0 to 18:0) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid compared to HF-AL. Conversely, the concentrations of aromatic and branched chain amino acids were reduced in HF-TRF mice compared to HF-AL mice. Conclusions Alterations in plasma metabolites following TRF of a HF diet are consistent with greater lipid utilization during the inactive phase as reflected in the RER. Decreases in the aromatic and branched chain amino acid concentrations are consistent with improved insulin sensitivity in humans. Funding Sources This work was supported by USDA-ARS project 3062-51000-053-00D. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

The effect of high fat diet and saturated fatty acids on insulin signaling in the amygdala and hypothalamus of rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 1537 ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoungil Oh ◽  
Stephane Boghossian ◽  
David A. York ◽  
MieJung Park-York
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat
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