scholarly journals Consumer perceptions on the origin of infant formula: a survey with urban Chinese mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Liran Christine Shan ◽  
Chenguang Li ◽  
Zhongyi Yu ◽  
Áine Regan ◽  
Ting Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
Product Attractiveness ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Large Representative

Abstract The consumer survey reported in this research paper aims to understand how Chinese mothers learn about and confirm the origin of powdered infant formulas (henceforward formulas), their knowledge level and preferences between formulas from different origins. With globalization, dairy companies can source ingredients for domestic production and manufacture finished products across the world. Chinese consumers are now facing a variety of formulas with different brand origin, main ingredient origin (‘nai yuan’), manufacturing origin, and country-of-purchase. Drawing on a large representative sample of Chinese mothers who have purchased formulas, we found that most of them had intensively engaged in learning about and confirming formulas' origin through different strategies. However, they may not interpret related cues correctly: a majority of Chinese mothers incorrectly considered the ‘main ingredient origin’ as the ‘manufacturing place’ and could not necessarily recognize between ‘foreign’ and ‘domestic’ brands. Among formulas from different origins, authentic foreign branded, produced and packaged formulas showed a high popularity in Tier 1 & 2 cities and among more knowledgeable consumers. In low-tier cities, these products were equally popular as domestically branded and produced formulas using imported milk powders and other ingredients. Formulas directly acquired from overseas markets through unofficial channels were least favoured by consumers. The study shows that Chinese consumers' previous one-sided endorsement towards foreign formulas appears to have weakened. Decisions made by formula companies on the origin of the main ingredient and the place of manufacture would influence product attractiveness, and the segments of Chinese consumers to target.

The influence of culture on consumer perceptions of deceptiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haithem Zourrig ◽  
Mengxia Zhang ◽  
Kamel El Hedhli ◽  
Imene Becheur
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Situational Constraint

Purpose This study aims to apply McCornack’s (1992) information manipulation theory to the context of fraud and investigates the effects of culture on perceived deceptiveness. Design/methodology/approach In total, 400 Chinese consumers and an equal-size sample of Canadian consumers were recruited to fill an online survey. The survey integrates four scenarios of insurance fraud and measures of perceived deceptiveness, cultural tightness and horizontal-vertical idiocentrism allocentrism, in addition to some control variables. Findings Results show that at the societal level of culture, perceived deceptiveness is higher in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures. When accounting for the level of situational constraint, cultural tightness was found to magnify the perceived deceptiveness. At the individual level of culture, vertical-allocentrism and vertical-idiocentrism were found to weigh against the perception of deceptiveness. Originality/value Understanding cultural differences in perceived deceptiveness is helpful to spot sources of consumers’ vulnerability to fraud tolerance among a culturally diverse public.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Consumer Perception on the Usage of Cadbury Products in Malaysia and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Rudresh Pandey ◽  
Ajay Massand ◽  
Suhasini BV ◽  
Lavi Sharma ◽  
Akansha Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Chocolates and snacks are a humongous market all around the world. Mondelez International, the producer of Cadbury is a major player in this industry which perceives the Malaysian and Indian market differently. This study aims to examine the consumer perception on the usage of Cadbury products in Malaysia and India. The study would examine the association, usage, buying behavior and customer satisfaction in the two countries and identify similarities and differences among them. This study involves both primary and secondary data collected through various sources such as consumers from the two countries and publications. These findings provide a comparative insight about consumer perceptions about the products which help in understanding the two markets and marketing activities in detail.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pelatihan Pembuatan PMT Menu Lokal Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dalam Memberikan Pmt Pada Balita Dengan Gizi Kurang Di Desa Leyangan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
G.A.KD Ratna Kusumasari ◽  
Wahyu Kristiningrum ◽  
Luvi Dian Afriyani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The number of malnourished people in the world reaches 104 million children and the condition of malnutrition is still the cause of one third of all causes of child mortality in the world. This has not received attention so that it is required training for creating PMT with local menus to improve the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in giving PMT with local menus to malnustrihed toddles in order to improve the children  nutritional status. This research aims to determine the effectiveness training of PMT making local menus on knowledge and attitude of mother in giving PMT to toddlers with malnutrition in Leyangan Village. The type of research  quassy experiment with the design of one group pretest and posttest design. The sampling technive was proportuionate random sampling. The number of samples in this study were 20 respondents and the analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis. From the result training the knowledge level after given training was on “good” level with 18 respondent (90%), “adequate” level with 2 respondent (20%). The attitude after given the training was 19 respondent (95%) with in “positif” catesony and 1 responden (5%) with in “negative” catesony. Based on the results of the research, the training in making local menu PMT is effective to increase the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in giving PMT to toddlers with malnutrition at Leyangan Village with p-value p-0,000. ABSTRAK Jumlah penderita gizi kurang di dunia mencapai 104 juta anak dan keadaan gizi kurang masih menjadi penyebab sepertiga kematian anak di seluruh dunia.Upaya penanganan masalah gizi kurang harus mendapatkan tatalaksana perawatan yang sesuai sehingga diperlukan pelatihan pembuatan PMT menu lokal untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam memberikan PMT menu lokal pada balita gizi kurang agar meningkatkan status gizi balita yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelatihan pembuaatan PMT menu lokal terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam memberikan pmt pada balita dengan gizi kurang di Desa Leyangan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quassy eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pretest dan posttest design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportuionate random sampling. Jumlah  sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 20 responden dan analisis menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan sesudah diberikan pelatihan PMT menu lokal pada kategori baik sebanyak 18 responden (90,0%), kategori cukup sebanyak 2 responden (10,0%). Pada sikap responden sesudah diberikan pelatihan PMT menu lokal sikap ibu dengan kategori positif sebanyak 19 responden (95,0%) dan kategori sikap negatif sebanyak 1 responden (5,0%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa pelatihan pembuatan PMT menu lokal efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam memberikan PMT pada balita dengan gizi kurang di Desa Leyangan dengan nilai p-value 0,000.

World without colour and its photographs and optical images

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Reza Tavakol
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Index ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Way

Photographs and optical images, whatever their contents, are imprints of the electromagnetic waves in the (human) visible range of wavelengths, we refer to as light. Furthermore, they are designed to portray different parts of the visible light in terms of different colours, in analogy with the human eyes, however imperfectly. The world outside our eyes and cameras, however, is permeated by electromagnetic waves with much wider spectrum of wavelengths than those in the visible range. Importantly also, colour is a construct of our eye–brains: the Universe itself has no colour, independently of us. I ask how does the knowledge of these facts change the way we perceive the colour in optical images and photographs, whatever their relationship to the world in a representational sense may be? By employing three images, with very different origins and vistas – one a direct photograph, the other two synthetically constructed images using real cosmological observations – I demonstrate the extent to which colour in such images can hide the underlying phenomena of which they claim to visually speak, both due to its nature as a coarse-grained visual index, and by being restricted to the visible range. The aim is not to belittle the important role that our (restricted) vision together with our perception of colour have played in the evolution of our species, and still play in the way we relate to the world informationally, aesthetically and emotionally. But rather to show that recognizing the limitations of our vision and complementing it with the knowledge of the phenomena underlying optical images and photographs can allow us to perceive them anew and provide additional tools (both conceptual and visual) to imagine and envision such images outside the bounds of the visible range and colour.

scholarly journals Consumer perceptions of environmentally friendly products

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
M. T. Bendixen ◽  
M. Sandler ◽  
D. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed Nations

During the past decade, concern for the environment has emerged as a major socio-political issue among developed nations throughout the world and the increase in the number of environmentally friendly or 'green' products has been significant. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the types of products that are considered to be environmentally friendly as well as establishing consumer perceptions of these products. One of the main findings of the research was that 'green' products have achieved substantial awareness among consumers and they are not regarded as a gimmick or a fad. It was also established that the two main barriers that discouraged consumers from purchasing 'green' products were a perception that such products were not price competitive and scepticism regarding their supposed environmental benefits.

Adaptive Web-Based Learning Framework

2011 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Man-Hua Wu ◽  
Herng-Yow Chen
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Web Based Learning ◽  
The World

With the rapid growth of the Internet and the increasing popularity of the World Wide Web, web-based learning systems have become more and more popular. However, in general Web-based learning systems, learners may often get lost in the enormous educational materials (Eirinaki & Vazirgiannis, 2003; Murray, 2002). This kind of situation refers to a disorientation problem. In addition to the disorientation problem, general Web-based learning systems provide every learner with uniform course content and presentation without considering the different knowledge level of learners. Therefore, the course content may be insufficient or unnecessary for learners with different knowledge level. This kind of situation was referred to as cognitive-overhead problem by Murray (2002).

scholarly journals Global estimates of carbon stock changes in living forest biomass: EDGARv4.3 – time series from 1990 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3437-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. R. Petrescu ◽  
R. Abad-Viñas ◽  
G. Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
V. N. B. Blujdea ◽  
G. Grassi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
The World ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Stock Change

Abstract. While the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) focuses on global estimates for the full set of anthropogenic activities, the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector might be the most diverse and most challenging to cover consistently for all countries of the world. Parties to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to provide periodic estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, following the latest approved methodological guidance by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The current study aims to consistently estimate the carbon (C) stock changes from living forest biomass for all countries of the world, in order to complete the LULUCF sector in EDGAR. In order to derive comparable estimates for developing and developed countries, it is crucial to use a single methodology with global applicability. Data for developing countries are generally poor, such that only the Tier 1 methods from either the IPCC Good Practice Guide for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF) 2003 or the IPCC 2006 Guidelines can be applied to these countries. For this purpose, we applied the IPCC Tier 1 method at global level following both IPCC GPG-LULUCF 2003 and IPCC 2006, using spatially coarse activity data (i.e. area, obtained combining two different global forest maps: the Global Land Cover map and the eco-zones subdivision of the Global Ecological Zone (GEZ) map) in combination with the IPCC default C stocks and C stock change factors. Results for the C stock changes were calculated separately for gains, harvest, fires (Global Fire Emissions Database version 3, GFEDv.3) and net deforestation for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010. At the global level, results obtained with the two sets of IPCC guidance differed by about 40 %, due to different assumptions and default factors. The IPCC Tier 1 method unavoidably introduced high uncertainties due to the "globalization" of parameters. When the results using IPCC 2006 for Annex I Parties are compared to other international datasets such as (UNFCCC, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)) or scientific publications, a significant overestimation of the sink emerges. For developing countries, we conclude that C stock change in forest remaining forest can hardly be estimated with the Tier 1 method especially for calculating the C losses, mainly because wood removal data are not separately available on harvesting or deforestation. Overall, confronting the IPCC GPG-LULUCF 2003 and IPCC 2006 methodologies, we conclude that IPCC 2006 suits best the needs of EDGAR and provide a consistent global picture of C stock changes from living forest biomass independent of country estimates.

Marketing Soviet Nostalgia: The Many Faces of Buratino

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Laura Goering
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Nostalgia for the foods consumed in childhood is a phenomenon extensively documented by food studies scholars and exploited by marketers around the world. This article traces the evolution of the Soviet children's soft drink Buratino from its origins in the Brezhnev era through a variety of post-Soviet incarnations. The character featured on the label, drawn from A. N. Tolstoy's 1935 book based on Carlo Collodi's Adventures of Pinocchio, is both instantly recognizable and remarkably protean in nature, combining the archetype of the trickster from the original literary text with a more benign representative of Soviet values depicted in a 1975 film adaptation. Using Douglas Holt's premises in his book How Brands Become Icons (2004), I argue that what would seem like an easy transition from literary character to advertising icon is complicated by the limitations of nostalgia-based marketing, changing consumer perceptions, and lack of clarity in trademark law. The article concludes with an analysis of the marketing strategy of the Kazakh company Caspian Beverage Holding, which has been singularly successful in recognizing the potential power of the brand and adapting it to a new, post-Soviet market.

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