scholarly journals The effects of denatured major bovine whey proteins on the digestive tract, assessed by Caco-2 cell differentiation and on viability of suckling mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chihiro Kobayashi ◽  
Mizuho Inagaki ◽  
Midori Nohara ◽  
Mayuko Fukuoka ◽  
Xijier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Suckling Mice

Abstract Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) are contained in bovine milk whey. Chemical and physical treatments are known to alter the conformation of these proteins and we have previously reported that α-LA denatured with trifluoroethanol (TFE) and isolated from sterilized market milk inhibited the growth of rat crypt IEC-6 cells. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of TFE-treated α-LA and β-LG on cell growth using cultured intestinal cells and on their safety using a suckling mouse model. First, we investigated the effect of the TFE-treated whey proteins on human colonic Caco-2 cells at various differentiation stages. In the undifferentiated stage, we assessed cell growth by a water-soluble tetrazolium-1 method. The native whey proteins enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the TFE-treated whey proteins strongly inhibited cell growth. We investigated cell barrier function in the post-differentiated stage by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Not only native but also the TFE-treated whey proteins increased TER. Next, we evaluated whether the TFE-treated α-LA and β-LG have adverse effects on healthy suckling mice. No mice given by the TFE-treated samples showed any adverse symptoms. We also performed a safety test using a human rotavirus infected gastrointestinal disease suckling mice model. Even the TFE-treated whey proteins appeared to prevent the development of diarrheal symptoms without any adverse effects. Although we cannot know the effect of long-term ingestion of denatured whey proteins, these results suggest that they have no adverse effects on differentiated intestinal cells and digestive tract, at least in short-term ingestion.

Proteolysis of caseins and the proteose-peptone fraction of bovine milk

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Andrews ◽  
Efstathios Alichanidis
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
History Of

SummaryThe proteolysis of highly purified samples of αs1-, αs2-, β-and κ-caseins by porcine plasmin and by bovine plasminogen with urokinase has been examined principally by gel electrophoresis. The resulting peptide band patterns were compared with those of total proteose-peptone (TPP) samples prepared from fresh and stored raw and pasteurized milk, and also with those obtained during the natural course of proteolysis by indigenous enzymes in milk during storage. TPP was found to contain at least 38 components detectable by a single electrophoresis run. Apart from residual traces of whey proteins and intact caseins nearly all of these components were fragments of caseins produced by indigenous plasmin, with products from the breakdown of αs1- and β-casein predominating. Over 90 % of TPP has been accounted for in this way. A fragment consisting of residues 29–105 of β-casein was isolated and characterized from both stored milk and from plasmin digests of β-casein. This fragment was a relatively major product of the natural proteolysis occurring during storage of milk, but contrary to a report in the literature it was not the same as proteose-peptone component 8-slow. Since many of the components of TPP resulted from proteolysis, the composition of TPP was found to vary according to the time and temperature of storage of the milk from which it was prepared. Thus, while the proteose-peptone fraction of milk can easily be defined operationally it cannot be rigorously defined in terms of its composition unless the history of the milk is also defined.

Chemical changes in bovine milk fat globule membrane caused by heat treatment and homogenization of whole milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNG JE LEE ◽  
JOHN W. SHERBON
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

The effects of heat treatment and homogenization of whole milk on chemical changes in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) were investigated. Heating at 80 °C for 3–18 min caused an incorporation of whey proteins, especially β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), into MFGM, thus increasing the protein content of the membrane and decreasing the lipid. SDS-PAGE showed that membrane glycoproteins, such as PAS-6 and PAS-7, had disappeared or were weakly stained in the gel due to heating of the milk. Heating also decreased free sulphydryl (SH) groups in the MFGM and increased disulphide (SS) groups, suggesting that incorporation of β-lg might be due to association with membrane proteins via disulphide bonds. In contrast, homogenization caused an adsorption of caseins to the MFGM but no binding of whey proteins to the MFGM without heating. Binding of caseins and whey proteins and loss of membrane proteins were not significantly different between milk samples that were homogenized before and after heating. Viscosity of whole milk was increased when milk was treated with both homogenization and heating.

scholarly journals The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ervens ◽  
Pierre Amato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Oh Reactions

Abstract. Many recent studies have identified biological material as a major fraction of ambient aerosol loading. A small fraction of these bioaerosols consist of bacteria that have attracted a lot of attention due to their role in cloud formation and adverse health effects. Current atmospheric models consider bacteria as inert quantities and neglect cell growth and multiplication. We provide here a framework to estimate the production of secondary biological aerosol (SBA) mass in clouds by microbial cell growth and multiplication. The best estimate of SBA formation rates of 3.7 Tg yr-1 are comparable to previous model estimates of the primary emission of bacteria into the atmosphere, and thus might represent a previously unrecognized source of biological aerosol material. We discuss in detail the large uncertainties associated with our estimates based on the rather sparse available data on bacteria abundance, growth conditions and properties. Additionally, the loss of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) due to microbial processes in cloud droplets has been suggested to compete under some conditions with WSOC loss by chemical (OH) reactions. Our estimates suggest that microbial and chemical processes might lead to a global loss of WSOC of 8–11 Tg yr-1 and 8–20 Tg yr-1, respectively. While also this estimate is very approximate, the analysis of the uncertainties and ranges of all parameters gives hints about the conditions under which microbial processes cannot be neglected as organic carbon sinks in clouds. Our estimates also highlight the urgent needs for more data concerning microbial concentrations, fluxes and activity in the atmosphere to evaluate the role of bacterial processes as net aerosol sink or source on various spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals Prevention and Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Tanshinone IIA Sodium Sulfonate on Acute Liver Injury Mice Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lunjie Lu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Jun Che ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Sodium Sulfonate ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate

Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate (TSS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, which is the main pharmacologically active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This study aimed to verify the preventive and therapeutic effects of TSS and its combined therapeutic effects with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MI) in D-galactosamine- (D-Gal-) induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. The potential regulatory mechanisms of TSS on ALI were also examined. Our results may provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutics for ALI.

scholarly journals The effect of drying and ensiling grass on its digestion in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

1. The effect of drying and ensiling ryegrass on the site of digestion of the energy andcarbohydrate fractions was studied in sheep fitted with rumen cannulas and re-entrant can-nulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.2. The sheep were given fresh (frozen) grass, dried grass, wilted and unwilted silage pre-pared from herbage harvested from the same sward. The grass diets were offered twice dailyto each animal and paper impregnated with chromium sesquioxide was administered twicedaily into the rumen. Twenty-four hour collections of duodenal and ileal digesta, adjusted togive 100 yo recovery of Cr2O3, were analysed to determine the extent of digestion in the fore-stomachs, the small intestine and the caecum and colon.3. Total digestibility of the gross energy was similar for the fresh grass, dried grass andwilted silage diets (67·4,68·1 and67·5 %)but higher for the unwilted silage (72·0 %, P < 0·01).There was an increased flow of energy into the small intestine when the sheep were given driedgrass and unwilted silage. The proportion of the apparently digested energy lost within thesmall intestine was greater when the dried grass was given (302 yo) than when the fresh grasswas given (23·6 yo).4. Drying or ensiling of wilted material affected digestion neither in the entire alimentarytract nor in the different sections of the tract, of some carbohydrate fractions. About 97 yo ofthe digested water-soluble carbohydrate, over 90 yo of the digested cellulose and over 70 yo ofthe digested hemicellulose were digested before reaching the small intestine. The increasedamount of energy entering the duodenum of the sheep given the dried grass was notaccounted for by changes in the fate of these carbohydrate fractions in the digestive tract. Withunwilted silage, digestibilities of the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were higher, andlower proportions of the digested carbohydrates were lost before the small intestine.

scholarly journals Aceitabilidade e caracterização física e físico-química de doce tipo doce de leite produzido com extrato hidrossolúvel de soja

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Agdylannah Felix Vieira ◽  
Ana Paula Trindade Rocha ◽  
Dyego Da Costa Santos ◽  
Hanna Mayara Brito Rodrigues Morais ◽  
Renata Duarte Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
The City

<p>Considering the need for new products to meet the portion of the population with lactase enzyme deficiency, the study processed and characterized the physical, physical-chemical and sensory parameters of a dulce de leche made with soy-based extract. The research was developed at the Food Engineering Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The soybean milk used in the preparation of the product was the UHT type and pasteurized cow’s milk, both purchased commercially from the city of Campina Grande, PB. Three sweet formulations were prepared: the first one containing 100% whole bovine milk; the second one with 100% water-soluble soy extract and the last one with 50% water-soluble soy extract and 50% whole milk. There were significant differences in all physicochemical analyses, except for the ash one. Regarding the addition of the soybean water-soluble extract in the dulce de leche, this procedure altered the traditional flavor, resulting in less acceptance of the product and 90% of the judges declared that they would not buy that. Through the instrumental analyses, it was verified that the addition of water-soluble soybean extract changed statistically (p &lt;0.05) the characteristics of color and texture</p>

Summary-The Early Feeds: Human Milk Versus Formula and Bovine Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Casein Protein

Adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system that take place during the first year of postnatal life are of great importance, initially facilitating the transition between gestation and lactation, ultimately supporting independent postnatal life. When considering feeding options during the early periods, the roles of human milk, commercially prepared formula, and bovine milk must be evaluated in light of recent knowledge of these adaptations. Since infant feeding practices and the biologic capabilities of infants themselves vary significantly, the question arises as to what is "acceptable" v what is "optimal." NUTRITIONAL PROTEINS At present, evaluations of the amount of protein required for infant growth are based on clinical studies of largē populations and include a "margin of safety" to meet the needs of the individual infant. Based on the assumption that the milk of a given species is best adapted to the nutrient requirements of the young of that species, human infant protein requirements are determined by the protein contribution of human breast milk. Breast-milk proteins are defined broadly as either whey or casein protein with an approximate ratio of 70:30, respectively. The casein portion is divided into three subgroups: α,β and κ casein. Whey proteins are divided into six major subgroups: α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin; lactoferrin; serum-albumin; lysozyme, and immunoglobulins A, G, and M. Numerous nonprotein nitrogen substances including taurine exist as well. Protein Availability Protein concentration of breast milk is approximately 1.2 g/dL when measured as total nitrogen. Nearly 25% of this is nonprotein nitrogen, much of which may not be used for nutritional purposes.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Pristine C60 Fullerene Inhibits Liver Alterations Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rat

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Halyna Kuznietsova ◽  
Natalia Dziubenko ◽  
Tetiana Herheliuk ◽  
Yuriy Prylutskyy ◽  
Eric Tauscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Inhibit Cell Growth ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. Water-soluble pristine C60 fullerene is a powerful and non-toxic antioxidant, therefore, its effect under rat HCC model and its possible mechanisms were aimed to be discovered. Studies on HepG2 cells (human HCC) demonstrated C60 fullerene ability to inhibit cell growth (IC50 = 108.2 μmol), to induce apoptosis, to downregulate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, to upregulate vimentin and p53 expression and to alter HepG2 redox state. If applied to animals experienced HCC in dose of 0.25 mg/kg per day starting at liver cirrhosis stage, C60 fullerene improved post-treatment survival similar to reference 5-fluorouracil (31 and 30 compared to 17 weeks) and inhibited metastasis unlike the latter. Furthermore, C60 fullerene substantially attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, decreased liver enzymes, and normalized bilirubin and redox markers (elevated by 1.7–7.7 times under HCC). Thus, C60 fullerene ability to inhibit HepG2 cell growth and HCC development and metastasis and to improve animal survival was concluded. C60 fullerene cytostatic action might be realized through apoptosis induction and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase downregulation in addition to its antioxidant activity.

Effect of water-soluble extract from antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on the growth of fibroblasts

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Sunwoo ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
J. S. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

The water-soluble extracts were prepared from the tip sections of antlers of 4-yr-old wapiti stags, and the effect of extract on the growth of bovine skin fibroblasts in culture was examined. The results showed the presence of growth promoting factor(s) in the antler extract. The stimulation of cell growth was found to be dose dependent (P < 0.05). Key words: Growth factor, antler, wapiti, fibroblast

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