The Shaping of Irish Presbyterian Attitudes to Mission, 1790–1840

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Religious Conviction ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
The Times

This article explores the various factors that both encouraged Irish Presbyterian involvement in mission and shaped how they understood their missionary calling. It contributes to the recent growth of interest in the Protestant missionary movement and takes issue with the predominant interpretation of Irish Presbyterianism offered by David Miller who misunderstands the complex relationship between traditional Presbyterianism, evangelicalism and modernity. After an overview of the main developments between 1790 and 1840, a consideration of the influence of the Reformed theological tradition, eschatology and the growth of evangelicalism is followed by an examination of the Enlightenment, the expansion of the British empire and the Presbyterian sense of patriotic duty. Though various non-religious factors shaped Presbyterian attitudes to mission, it will be argued that their active involvement was a product of sincere religious conviction and an eschatological reading of the signs of the times.

scholarly journals Aristocratic libraries in Slovakia – status, research, history

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
Michaela Sibylová
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

The author has divided her article into two parts. The first part describes the status and research of aristocratic libraries in Slovakia. For a certain period of time, these libraries occupied an underappreciated place in the history of book culture in Slovakia. The socialist ideology of the ruling regime allowed their collections (with a few exceptions) to be merged with those of public libraries and archives. The author describes the events that affected these libraries during and particularly after the end of World War II and which had an adverse impact on the current disarrayed state and level of research. Over the past decades, there has been increased interest in the history of aristocratic libraries, as evidenced by multiple scientific conferences, exhibitions and publications. The second part of the article is devoted to a brief history of the best-known aristocratic libraries that were founded and operated in the territory of today’s Slovakia. From the times of humanism, there are the book collections of the Thurzó family and the Zay family, leading Austro-Hungarian noble families and the library of the bishop of Nitra, Zakariás Mossóczy. An example of a Baroque library is the Pálffy Library at Červený Kameň Castle. The Enlightenment period is represented by the Andrássy family libraries in the Betliar manor and the Apponyi family in Oponice. 

Orthodoxy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Russell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Indelible Mark ◽  
Russian School ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Orthodox Theology ◽  
Modern Orthodox

Orthodox theologians were aware of developments in Western thinking in the nineteenth century, and sought to define their religious and cultural identity in relation to them. In Russia, this found expression in the Slavophile movement and the ‘Russian School’ with its notion of ‘Godmanhood’. Within the latter context, Soloviev’s controversial sophiology was to exercise an important influence. By the end of the century, prominent members of the intelligentsia had begun to return to Orthodoxy in a movement known as the ‘Russian religious renaissance’. In the Greek-speaking world, the guiding spirit was Korais, who saw it as his mission to bring to Greece the values of the Enlightenment. Koraism inspired the liberal wing of the Greek Church, which was vigorously opposed by the conservatives. The complex relationship between the imitation of Western patterns of thought and the recovery of older Orthodox traditions has left an indelible mark on modern Orthodox theology.

scholarly journals Проблема вероисповедания бурят в трудах Ц. Ж. Жамцарано (1900-е гг.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
Shirap Ts. Tsydene ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Cultural Renaissance ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to analyze the issue of Buryat religious views as discussed in the works of Ts. Zhamtsarano in the 1900s. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of Zhamtsarano’s approach in the formulation of the research issue. In particular, the article analyzes the impact of his scientific and social activities on the course of his creative thought, as well as compares his interpretation of Buryat religious movement with that of M. N. Bogdanov, one of outstanding researchers of Buryat history. To analyze the impact of his cultural-historical environment on Zhamtsarano’s views, it was necessary to examine the scholar’s diaries he kept at the time of his ethnographic expeditions in Buryatia in 1903–1906 in comparison with his published works of the same period. As a result, it was possible to identify his key positions on the issue of the Buryat religious movement in the early twentieth century. Conclusions. The analysis of Zhamtsarano’s works shows that the Buryat religious movement had a long history, with its ethnoterritorial features gradually being formed. The reason for its acceleration in the 1900s was that many Buryats at the time were largely dissatisfied with their dominant religion, hence their search for new forms of spirituality. According to Zhamtsarano, the general direction of this movement was towards cultural pan-mongolism; this conclusion was based on his own active involvement in the activities for the Buryat cultural renaissance. Also, the scholar saw the religious movement of the Buryats in the 1900s as part of the global trend for secularization of the enlightenment.

scholarly journals THE POET-ENLIGHTENER SAFUAN YAKSHIGULOV AS A TRANSLATOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9(73)) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
L. Abdullina
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Times

The article analyzes the enlightenment and translation work of the Bashkir poet Safuan Yakshigulov. World perception, political activity, civic position of the poet is revealed through the analysis of works. The scientific text compares the works of Russian poets with the translator's Bashkir fables. Thoughts, open statements of writers have also been translated into Russian by the educator. Examples of new poetic images, with the help of which poets revealed the spirit of the times, and the spiritual world, and the problems of the people, are given. This is the first work in Bashkir literary criticism, where the poet-educator S. Yakshigulov reveals himself as a translator, a carrier of new cultural information for his people. If in his works the author acts as the successor of oriental poetry, then in translations he appears before the reader as the creator of a bridge between cultures. The article also describes the fact that the poet turned to fable creativity.

Postmodern Anti-Enlightenment Positions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the debate between Ernst Cassirer and Martin Heidegger over the question “What is man?”—and thus, indirectly, the authentic meaning of Immanuel Kant's philosophy—and relates it to Pope Benedict XVI's views on the complex relationship between Christianity and Enlightenment culture. What was at stake in the Cassirer–Heidegger debate was the very existence of the Enlightenment and the legitimacy of its epistemological foundation. Cassirer accepted the need to redefine the relationship between the a priori and experience, in view of an idealistic conception of Kantian transcendentalism that was both more complex and problematic. His position remained firmly within the universalistic tradition of Enlightenment humanism. Heidegger, on the other hand, saw the Enlightenment as the final phase of the vilified trajectory of Western metaphysics that had resulted in the enthronement of man. The chapter also considers the Catholic Church's anti-Enlightenment positions.

The Religions of Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Meek
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
The Times ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Master Builder ◽  
River Niger ◽  
Official Recognition

Opening ParagraphMost people are aware that Nigeria is named after the river Niger, but many may be surprised to hear that the word Niger is not derived from the Latin adjective niger meaning ‘black’, but from a Libyan and Sudanic root, meaning ‘water“or ‘river’. This word was used by the geographer Ptolemy some 1,800 years ago in the Greek form of ‘Niγɛιρ’, and it is used to-day by the tribes of lake Chad in the form of njer. But Pliny employed the form Nigris, and from very early times the land of the Niger was called Nigritia. The modern name of Nigeria was only invented forty-six years ago by Miss Flora Shaw, who became, quite appropriately, the wife of Lord Lugard, the master-builder of Nigeria. In a letter to The Times, written in 1897, Miss Shaw said, ‘It may be permissible to coin a shorter title for the agglomeration of pagan and Mahomedan States which have been brought, by the exertion of the Royal Niger Company, within the confines of a British Protectorate.’ Her suggestion that the new title should be Nigeria was at once accepted. But it did not receive official recognition until the territories of the Royal Niger Company were formally taken over by the Imperial Government in 1900, and were formed into the two administrations known as Northern Nigeria and Southern Nigeria. Fourteen years later these two administrations were amalgamated into a single Nigeria, which then became, next to India, the most populous dependency in the British Empire.

Jean-Alphonse Turrettini (1671–1737) on Natural Theology: The Triumph of Reason Over Revelation at the Academy of Geneva

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klauber
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Trinity

Michael Heyd has described the late seventeenth and early eighteen centuries as an era of gradual development from Orthodoxy to the Enlightenment at the Academy of Geneva. One of the most important facets of this change was the eventual triumph of reason over revelation and the inevitable elimination by the mid-eighteenth century of many of the essential doctrines of the faith such as the Trinity and the Incarnation. Deism and atheism, which were becoming more and more feared at the Academy, posed the greatest threats to Reformed thought. Those theologians who considered themselves to be orthodox Protestants and yet enlightened to the use of reason to defend Christianity, attempted to protect the faith against the unique challenges of the times. Their extensive use of reason was a marked departure from the traditional Reformed approach to Apologetics and radically transformed the very nature of Reformed Protestantism. It is the purpose of this paper to show that the specific challenges of this era provided the theological faculty at the Academy of Geneva, and especially Jean-Alphonse Turrettini, the leader of the so-called enlightened orthodox party, with the predisposition to employ a rationalistic approach to natural theology.

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