scholarly journals Naturally Acquired Tuberculosis in Various Animals. Some Unusual Cases

1936 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stanley Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cutaneous Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Disease ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Thoracic Tuberculosis ◽  
Bovine Type

In this paper the pathological and the bacteriological findings in ten instances of naturally acquired tuberculosis in ten different species of animals are recorded. The tubercle bacilli obtained in culture from five species (bat, bear, bison, hedgehog and mink), all cases of fatal tuberculosis, were of the bovine type. The bacilli from a case of localised glandular tuberculosis in a goat and one of tuberculosis of the pancreas in a kangaroo were of the avian type. The bacilli from a case of generalised retrogressive tuberculosis in a horse, of minimal thoracic tuberculosis in a calf and cutaneous and glandular tuberculosis in a parrot were of the human type. These results amplify the evidence already published which shows that each of the three types of tubercle bacilli (bovine, human and avian) is able to cause natural tuberculosis in many different species of animals other than that which is its normal habitat.The bovine bacillus which is transmitted to animals almost exclusively by tuberculous bovines is responsible for the greater part, especially the generalised and fatal forms, of the tuberculous disease occurring naturally in farm and domestic mammals and for a not inconsiderable amount of tuberculosis in human beings.The avian bacillus whose natural host is the domestic fowl can infect casually many species of mammals, namely the pig, the ox, the sheep, the goat, the horse, the guinea-pig and the rabbit and in Zoological Gardens several marsupial species. Instances of its transmission to the different species of farm mammals are rare, except in the case of the pig, and the disease produced is usually limited and confined to the glands adjacent to the points of entry of the bacilli. This type of bacillus may however cause severe generalised and fatal disease in the pig, sheep, rabbit and marsupials.The human bacillus has a narrower range of pathogenicity than either the bovine or the avian bacillus. This type can infect the pig, the calf and the horse, but does not produce progressive tuberculosis in these species. It causes cutaneous tuberculosis in parrots and is one cause of tuberculosis in the dog and in various species of animals kept in captivity, namely the guinea-pig, monkey, gnu, antelope, peccary, etc., in which species infection is followed by generalisation and progression of the disease.The evidence accumulated regarding the susceptibility of various species of animals to the three types of tubercle bacilli under farm and domestic conditions and in captivity may be summed up as follows.All three types of bacilli can infect the ox, pig, horse, guinea-pig and rabbit.Two types of bacilli have been found in the following species; viz. bovine and avian in the sheep, the goat and Australian marsupials; bovine and human in the domestic dog and in the ape, monkey and Ungulata in captivity; human and avian in the parrot.Only one type of bacillus has so far been obtained from domestic fowls (the avian), the domestic cat, hedgehog, mink and ferret (the bovine) and members of several species in captivity.

scholarly journals A retrospective longitudinal study of animal and human rabies in Botswana 1989-2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Moagabo ◽  
K.B. Monyame ◽  
E.K. Baipoledi ◽  
M. Letshwenyo ◽  
N. Mapitse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Impact Monitoring

A longitudinal study of animal and human rabies covering 18 years from 1989 to 2006 was retrospectively conducted in order to highlight the epidemiological features and trends of the disease in Botswana. Over the 18-year period, a total of 4 306 brain specimens collected from various species of animals including human beings with clinical signs consistent with rabies were submitted to the National Veterinary Laboratory in Gaborone for confirmatory diagnosis. Of the samples submitted, 2 419 cases were found to be positive for lyssavirus antigen; this presents an overall prevalence rate of 56.18 ± 1.48 %. About 85.7 % (2 074/2 419) of the cases were from domestic animals, 14.2 % (343/2 419) cases were from wild animals and two cases (0.1 %) were from human beings. During the first half of the study (1989-1997) the prevalence rate of the disease was estimated at 62.79 ± 1.85 % (1 645/2 620 positive) whereas during the second half (1998-2006) it was estimated at 45.91 ± 2.38 % (774/1 686 positive) and the difference between the two estimates was statistically, highly significant (Δ % = 16.88, SE 95) diff % = 3.015, SD = 5.599; P < 0.001). Ruminant rabies accounted for 79.99 % (50.92 % bovine, 28.40 % caprine and 0.67 % ovine) whereas canine (domestic dog) and feline (domestic cat) accounted for 16.01 and 0.87 %, respectively. Equine rabies accounted for 3.13 % with 1.35 and 1.78 %, respectively, for horses and donkeys. Jackal rabies accounted for more than 60 % of the total cases in wild animals. These findings are discussed in relation to the previous epidemiological situation of the disease (1979-1988), its socio-economic impact, monitoring and control in Botswana.

scholarly journals Genotipificação de Malassezia pachydermatis através da técnica de RAPD

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 3173
Author(s):  
Franciele Cristina Kagueyama ◽  
Danny Franciele Dias Moraes ◽  
Janaina Marcela Assunção Rosa ◽  
Alessandra Tammy Hayakawa Ito ◽  
Aline De Jesus da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Genomic Polymorphism ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Type Iv

Malassezia pachydermatis (M. pachydermatis) is a fungus of importance in human and veterinary medicine. Although a part of the normal microbiota, it can sometimes be present in its pathogenic form, particularly causing otitis and dermatitis in animals. Among human beings, it mainly affects immune compromised patients and newborns, causing simple pustulosis, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea versicolor or fungemia. This study aimed to analyze the genomic polymorphism in M. pachydermatis samples isolated from Canis familiaris (domestic dog), Felis catus (domestic cat), and Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater). Two hundred and fourteen samples were collected and cultured in Sabouraud agar with chloranphenicol (100mg L-1) and incubated at 37 °C for a period of 7 to 10 days. One hundred and sixty six samples that appeared morphologically comparable to yeast cultures were processed for DNA extraction and PCR was performed for a specific region in the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of M. pachydermatis. Among these, seven (4.21%) were negative and 159 (95.79%) were positive. Of the 159 positive samples, 102 (64.15%) were from animals with clinical signs and 57 (35.85%) without clinical signs. Fifty-seven samples were selected at random for RAPD-PCR based genotyping and distributed into four genetic groups. Types I and II were more frequent in animals with clinical signs while type III was frequent in healthy animals. Type IV occurred evenly across animals with or without clinical signs. These results indicate differences in pathogenicity of the fungus based on the genotype.

Effect of plantation clearcutting on carnivore presence in industrial forest landscapes in south-central Chile

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Sandra P. Escudero-Páez ◽  
Esteban Botero-Delgadillo ◽  
Cristián F. Estades
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Information on how wildlife is affected by pine plantation clearcutting is relevant for designing management strategies to promote biodiversity conservation in productive systems. By comparing the number of records of carnivores in a mosaic of pine plantations and native forest remnants before and after pine harvesting, we assessed the effect of plantation clearcutting on carnivore presence in ten sampling areas in Central Chile. We also included a number of covariates to account for their potential confounding effects, for example, the distance between each site and the nearesting human settlement and vegetation cover. A total of 10 species were observed, but no negative effect of clearcutting on carnivore presence was detected. Only the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) responded positively to the harvesting of pine plantations. The threatened kodkod (Leopardus guigna) was absent in clearcut areas and the number of records increased in forests or plantations with a dense understorey. The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) responded positively to human settlements and seems to prefer more open areas. The number of records for the Puma (Puma concolor) and the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) was too few, and hence, we could not make any inference regarding these two species. The other species recorded showed different responses to one or more of the included covariates. Although our results showed that the recording of some species could change in the short term after pine harvesting, future studies should assess the impact of clearcutting at a much higher scale, both in terms of space and time.

Unowned Free-Roaming Domestic Cats: Reflection of Animal Welfare and Ethical Aspects in Animal Laws in Six European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Natoli ◽  
Nadja Ziegler ◽  
Agnés Dufau ◽  
Maria Pinto Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Human Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Animal Laws

Abstract Besides the population of pet cats, another feline population that has regular and frequent relationships with the human population, is represented by unowned, free-roaming domestic cats. It is incontestable that part of human beings is responsible for the growing number of unwanted cats. The problems raised by the existence of free-roaming cat population range from acoustic and hygienic nuisance (because of loud vocalizations during the breeding season and bad smell due to sprayed urine from tomcats) to public health threat (because of the potential spread of zoonotic diseases and of diseases to pet cats and other species), to predation of wildlife (it can cause disruption of ecosystems). Undoubtedly, unowned free-roaming cat population has to be managed but, in the third millennium, human control strategies have to have an ethical dimension. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the National Laws in France, Spain, UK, Austria, Portugal and Italy. Based on the knowledge of domestic cat behavior, we suggest that when the TNR strategy for controlling domestic cat populations is applied by law in the mentioned countries, the basic needs and welfare of the species are respected.

The Intermolecular Cross-Links in Uterine Collagens of Guinea Pig, Pig, Cow, and Human Beings

1976 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. T. Kao ◽  
W. E. Hitt ◽  
J. G. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cross Links

scholarly journals The Ticks of Rodents and their Nests, and the Discovery that Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. is the Vector of Tropical Typhus in Kenya

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Isgaer Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

1. Earlier attempts to trace the vector of tropical typhus in Kenya failed. The only references to the subject in the available literature consist of mere suggestions that a mite would most likely prove to be the transmitter.2. An investigation made in an area whence most Nairobi cases of tropical typhus were reported, suggested that a tick (R. pulchellus) would be the most likely vector.3. Transmission experiments made in the belief that one of the unclassed fevers of man was conveyed by R. pulchellus have so far yielded negative results. There is, however, sufficient circumstantial evidence available pointing to this tick as vector of a form of mild typhus to man—this demands further investigation.4. At Mombasa and Nairobi, houses reported to be heavily infested with ticks, or houses investigated after the occurrence of the tropical typhus in them, have yielded only R. sanguineus.5. R. sanguineus (3 ♀), taken from a dog in a house where the last typhus case had occurred 8 months previously, gave a typical typhus syndrome when emulsified and inoculated into a male guinea-pig. R. sanguineus (1 ♀, 12 ⊙), taken in a house where a child had recently contracted typhus, also gave a positive result with guinea-pigs and the virus was further transmitted by passage through other guinea-pigs.6. The infestation of houses by R. sanguineus and the incidence of tropical typhus among human beings appear to be influenced by unfavourable weather conditions, causing the ticks to seek relatively dry and warm places for purposes of oviposition or metamorphosis, thus invading houses. In the absence of dogs, its usual hosts, the tick attacks man.

scholarly journals Transmission of Leishmania infantum from cats to dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joilson Ferreira Batista ◽  
Francisco das Chagas Ribeiro Magalhães Neto ◽  
Kayo Sandro Pimentel do Prado Lopes ◽  
Marcello Otake Sato ◽  
Carlos Henrique Nery Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Biological Vector ◽  
Leishmania Promastigotes

Abstract Leishmania infantum infection in cats has been reported in several countries, including Brazil. However, the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from cats to another host has not been proven yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the possibility of L. infantum transmission from cats to dogs. In order to verify the possibility of VL transmission from the cat to the dog, xenodiagnosis was carried out in a VL-positive cat, using 55 female Lutzomyia longipalpis. Five days later, 40 insects were dissected to verify Leishmania infection. The remaining 15 females were fed in a healthy dog. The potential infection of the dog was verified through clinical, serological, parasitological examinations, and PCR, at three, six, and twelve months post-infection. All 55 L. longipalpis females became visibly engorged. Leishmania promastigotes were detected in 27.5% of the dissected insects. Leishmania infection in the dog was confirmed upon first evaluation. DNA sequencing of the parasite isolated from the cat confirmed L. infantum infection and showed 99% similarity with the L. infantum DNA sequences from the dogs. Through this study, it was possible to confirm the L. infantum experimental transmission from a domestic cat to a domestic dog through its biological vector L. longipalpis.

scholarly journals The First Case Report of Ectopic Hepatic Tissue in a Guinea Pig

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tohru Kimura ◽  
Kengo Inaka
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
First Case ◽  
Normal Gallbladder

Ectopic hepatic tissue is an extremely rare developmental abnormality in human beings. Although this lesion is likewise rare in veterinary medicine and there were sparse reports in several species such as dogs, cats, cows, and calves, we incidentally encountered ectopic hepatic tissue in a guinea pig. In the case of guinea pigs, we report for the first time the occurrence of ectopic hepatic tissue implanted in the gallbladder. The healthy guinea pig remained asymptomatic, and its macroscopic findings also showed no abnormalities. Hematological examinations exhibited moderate decreases in white cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and packed cell volume ratio. Serum biochemical examinations showed decreases in total protein and albumin and increases in glucose levels, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. There were slight changes in electrolytes (Cl, Ca, and Mg) and inorganic phosphorus, indicating minor deviations from physiologic ranges. An increase in TBIL concentrations was not found in this examination. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of normal hepatic structures (hepatocytes and hepatic cords) within the wall of the normal gallbladder. The vascular and bile duct structures and portal triads were not observed in the ectopic hepatic tissue. In conclusion, this microectopic hepatic tissue in a guinea pig was characterized by the embedded structures of hepatic tissues, without foreign body reaction.

scholarly journals Vaccination of guinea-pigs and human beings against leptospiral infections

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Protective Antibodies

1. Guinea-pig vaccination experiments have shown that these animals can be rendered completely immune from infection with virulent strains of L. icterohaemorrhagiae when they are treated with non-virulent living vaccines, or formalinized, heat-killed, phenolized, and dettolized suspensions of virulent cultures.2. Vaccination with homologous strains of L. icterohaemorrliagiae produced better immunity than when heterologous strains such as L. hebdomadis or L. icterohaemorrhagiae Rachmat are employed.3. Immune bodies are demonstrable in the serum of guinea-pigs vaccinated with L. icterohaemorrhagiae Weil, and a lytic titre of 1/6 appears to indicate that sufficient protective antibodies are present.4. Following upon vaccination and inoculation with virulent cultures, carrier conditions have developed in animals treated with chemically killed vaccines of L. icterohaemorrhagiae Weil and with living non-virulent suspensions of the heterologous strain L. hebdomadis and L. icterohaemorrhagiae Rachmat.

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