The Evolution of Agricultural Interest Groups in Argentina

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Manzetti
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Political Clout ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church

Argentina's history has been profoundly influenced by the development of its agriculture. It was through the exportation of beef and grain that the country experienced spectacular economic growth between 1880 and 1930. Historically, agricultural and agro-industrial production have made up between 70 and 80% of export earnings.1 As a consequence, the sector's dominant interest group during that period, the Argentine Rural Society (Sociedad Rural Argentina – SRA) acquired enormous economic power, which led to political clout as many of its members went on to become presidents of the republic and to staff the most important ministries. Because of the political influence so attained the SRA was soon referred to as one of the key factores de poder, or power holders, along with the military, the Church and, later on, labour. This hegemony came to an end in the mid-1940s when industrialisation replaced agriculture as the main contributor to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and when Peronism removed the landowning elite from control of the levers of power. The agricultural sector continued to take a backseat among the priorities of most of the administrations following Perón's downfall in 1955, because the future of Argentina was perceived to rest upon the promotion of import substitution industrialisation. Agricultural interest groups were never again able to gain the same kind of access to economic policy-making as they had once enjoyed. To make matters worse, the whole rural sector was forced to finance the state-led industrialisation process through a variety of direct and indirect government taxes.

STATE OF LAND-RECLAMATION INDUSTRY IN TATARSTAN AND MAIN WAYS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Залаков ◽  
Anvar Zalakov ◽  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Mars Khismatullin ◽  
Файзрахманов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Flooded Areas

The review article presents the main results of the activity of JSC TC “Tatmelioratsiya” and “Tatmeliovodkhoz” administration on the land-reclamation work in the Republic of Tatarstan. These works included the repair, reconstruction of dams and ponds, the restoration and construction of new irrigation systems, commissioning and start-up of new fuel-efficient sprinklers. At January 1, 2011 a complete inventory of the technical condition of existing hydraulic structures was carried out by the JSC TC “Tatmelioratsiya”. There are 298 waterworks, that require repair and reconstruction in the Republic of Tatarstan. At the same time, it should be noted, because of the intensive use of constructed facilities at different time of natural disasters, the 52 dams was partially destroyed and require urgent measures to restore them. Among the emergency, the greatest danger in case of emergencies during the flood were 18 waterworks, where in case of emergency there is a real threat of flooding populated areas and economic facilities located in the flooded areas. The government of the Republic had provided funding for the anti-flood measures in 2011 in the amount of 40 million rubles, moreover, a republican target program for 2012- 2014 on the repair and reconstruction of hydraulic structures for the prolongation until 2017 was developed and adopted. The programs, passed by the Russian government and the Republic of Tatarstan, allow to strength food security and reduce import substitution of basic foods that will eventually contribute to the development of their own agricultural sector.

scholarly journals The 10-year anniversary of the Republic of Lithuania: the State celebration program of 1928 and the monuments of independence

Menotyra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skirmantė Smilingytė-Žeimienė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church ◽  
Anniversary Celebration ◽  
Commemorative Monuments

The Supreme Committee for the 10-year Anniversary Celebration of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania was established in 1928. The committee performed its mission making the national rally campaign of the celebration of two state festivals – February 16 and May 15. The organizational skills and experience of Vladas Nagevičius in developing the national important memorial symbols should be noted. He was the chairman of the committee and the director of the Military Museum. The year 1928 evidenced the first manifestation of the global cultural memory in Independent Lithuania. A model of the ceremonial communication of the state festivals was created. It had an important component – a monument – a materialization sign of the memorial. To achieve their objectives, the committee used the periodicals, the Church, radio, artists and, of course, local communities. Dealing with the problems of commemorative monuments – the lack of funding, the risk of cheap monuments, the need to design an exceptional memorial object with national traditions, the committee inspired to introduce the shape of a splendour wooden cross as an identity standard. The Committee and the majority of citizens considered that the traditional monuments of cross-crafting is a successful reflection of the nationhood. The Supreme Committee had an exceptional role in designing the commemorative process in 1928.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
L.A. OMARBAKIYEV ◽  
◽  
ZH. ZHARYLKASSYN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Republic

The priority task for Kazakhstan is to increase the competitiveness of the national economy. The formation of competitive advantages of industries and enterprises of agro-industrial complex is of particular importance in scientific aspects and in business practice. Scientifically based technologies of agricultural production envisage production and sale of agricultural products and food products in the required volumes, which are competitive on domestic and foreign markets. The authors note that one of the main problems in processing of raw materials is the low output of final goods from raw unit. In order to fill export niches and ensure import substitution, new export-oriented sectors of the agro-industrial complex have been studied. In particular, in processing industry, the transition to international quality standards for technical and technological re-equipment of production, as well as expanding the range of food products and creating equal conditions for competition with main trading partners in the Eurasian Economic Union remains relevant. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to make amendments in matters of technical regulation, trade, protection of competition, information, customs and border services, improve organizational and economic structure of agricultural sector in the following priority areas of management: development of integration in AIC, agro-industrial entities performing procurement functions, storage, transportation, processing and marketing, organization of agricultural markets, ensuring formation of effective material resources. Thus, it can be stated that increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products depends on many factors, the observance of which is an indispensable condition for the recovery of the industry's economy.

scholarly journals Ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of COVID-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
G. Zh. Azretbergenova ◽  
◽  
A. O. Syzdykova ◽  
B. Biymendeev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Access To Food

The goal is to consider the issues of ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways of solution. Food policy is the basis of national security and an important direction for the development of agricultural sector of the economy, the essence of which is to increase the level of economic growth, which makes it possible to maximally satisfy the urgent needs of the population and have sufficient public reserves, active payments and trade balances. Objectives – to show the need to increase the competitive advantages of food products on domestic market, as well as to create a domestic brand of goods. Results – The profound impact of COVID-2019 on food systems has been analyzed, which for a variety of reasons has threatened people's access to food worldwide. It was revealed that in the conditions of the Eurasian Economic Union, the development of interstate integration, implementation of a single food issue and measures to ensure food security, important aspect is maintaining the balance of interests of the common market for agricultural products and protecting the sovereignty of the EAEU member States. The article analyzes production of the main types of agricultural products in Kazakhstan (1990-2020), the level of self-sufficiency in the country in meat, milk, eggs, potatoes, vegetables and melons, etc. The dynamics of changes in livestock population, as well as the growth of production of meat in the republic and the world, food consumption per capita is presented. The authors provide data in terms of comparison of agricultural output in the EAEU countries. The volumes of export of Kazakhstani grain and flour are indicated. In the final part of the article, perspective directions of ensuring food stability in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. Conclusions – to ensure the country's food independence, it is necessary to pursue a policy of import substitution, use preferential micro-lending, and develop foreign trade activities from narrowly oriented exports to diversification of goods.

Incentives of the State to promote the retrofitting of the agricultural sector: Regional considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1113
Author(s):  
M.Sh. Gutuev ◽  
B.Sh. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Abstract Logic ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
Equipment Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Republic

Subject. The article discusses the availability of technological equipment in the agriculture of the Republic of Dagestan. Objectives. We analyze the current situation and trends in the development of available technological equipment in the republican agriculture, identify the role and place of machine and tractor fleet in the retrofitting of the regional agriculture. Methods. The study is based on monographic, abstract logic, statistical, analytical methods. Results. Dagestan has got a critically few technological equipment, which affects the development of the regional agricultural sector. The availability of technological equipment is found to have dramatically reduced in animal husbandry for the recent 30 years. The availability of technological equipment and land cultivation strongly correlates, thus simplifying applicable agricultural technologies. Most agricultural producers of Dagestan were found to be unable to participate in the program for federal agricultural lease. Conclusions and Relevance. The deterioration of available technological equipment in agriculture is a key cause undermining the competitiveness of products and efficiency of the regional agriculture. We prove the importance of governmental actions incentivizing the influx of new technological equipment, including a set of measures reinforcing the availability of technological equipment. As long as most agricultural producers are microbusinesses that lack resources to participate in many machine renovation programs, funding should be increased substantially to subsidize a portion of equipment acquisition costs incurred by agricultural producers, and a portion of reimbursed costs as much as at least 50 percent of the value of agricultural machines acquired.

Statistical evaluation and forecasting of human resources support by specialists and workers of mass professions of agricultural organizations of the grainsheep-breeding zone of Stavropol region

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Alexey Gerasimov ◽  
Evgeny Gromov ◽  
Oksana Grigor'eva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Breeding Zone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
High Level

Improving the efficiency of agricultural production and the competitiveness of agricultural products is impossible without the creation of professional teams with a high level of productivity. The formation and development of the personnel potential of the agro-industrial complex comes to the fore in the light of ensuring the country’s food security and solving the problems of import substitution. The development of the industry relies more on the creation of a vertical education system, the development of rural territories, etc. Compilation of forecasts for the staffing of the agroindustrial complex will coordinate the efforts of educational institutions, business structures, and authorities in organizing the training and retraining of personnel for the agricultural sector.

CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ivan USHACHEV ◽  
Vyacheslav CHEKALIN
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Current Trends

It is stated in I.G. Ushachev and V.S. Chekalin’s article that the agricultural sector has become in Russia an economic sector which currently demonstrates the growth and significant results of import substitution. Scientific-based proposals for improving the agricultural policy and developing the agribusiness development strategy until 2030 are presented.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS ENERGY IN UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Z. U. SAIPOV ◽  
◽  
G. A. ARIFDZHANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Energy is one of the main pillars of the state’s economy, which is currently facing serious problems due to depletion of mineral energy resources and the threatening environment. As a result, presently around the world there is a rapid growth and development of energy-efficient technologies and the use of renewable energy sources (RES), providing an increase in energy resources, as well as environmental and social effects. One of the most relevant and promising areas of renewable energy development is the disposal and processing of organic waste in biogas plants, and this is particularly relevant in agricultural regions. In this regard, this paper considers the state and prospects for the development of bioenergy in agricultural regions of Uzbekistan, where half of the population of the republic lives. The potential of organic waste from livestock and poultry farming of the agricultural sector was determined, and it was revealed that the use of biogas plants for the disposal of manure and litter is clearly a profitable production and requires close attention from rural producers. The introduction of biogas technologies for the bulk of agricultural producers is an urgent task, that will ensure not only a solution to the waste problem, but it will also provide a solution to energy, agricultural, environmental and social problems in rural regions of the republic.

The Politics of Instability in Ecuador: The Overthrow of the President, 1961

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coups D'etat ◽  
Apparent Stability ◽  
Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra

On 7 November 1961, a crucial date in modern Ecuadorian political history, Dr José María Velasco Ibarra, constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador, was deposed from his high office and sought refuge in the Mexican Embassy. The apparent stability that had characterized the country's political life since 1948 was shattered. The pattern of politics since November 1961 is similar in many respects to that which occurred in the decades between the two World Wars. Coups d'état, dictatorships and military juntas are political phenomena common to both periods. The military intervention which to Velasco's dewnfall in 1961 re-established a convention which had been dormant since 1947.

Swedish Rural Society and Political Culture: The Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Experience

Rural History ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aronsson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Local Parish ◽  
The Church

In 1776, baron Salomon von Otter, governor of the neighbouring county of Halland and jus patronatus of the local parish, stood opposite the men of Öja parish at a meeting outside the church. The powerful nobleman was for the third time arguing for the praiseworthy and legally required task of building a combined school and poor-house in cooperation with the neighbouring parish (where he happened to own most of the land). The peasants of Ö for a third time refused, both in writing and orally, on the grounds of their alleged right to self-government. The baron continued with his persuasions, and presented the support he had from the local nobility, among them the bishop. He was still met with a firm refusal. Eventually the baron ordered that they should build the house, referring (probably without much legal foundation) to his position as jus patronatus. Now everybody surrendered, except one farmer who refused to join in the final decision. This fact was carefully noted by the local clergyman, together with assurances that this unwise stubbornness would not suffice to impede the project.

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