Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt: The Nile River Dispute

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOK SWAIN
Keyword(s):  
Nile Blue ◽  
River System ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
White Nile ◽  
International River

The Nile flows for 6,700 kilometres through ten countries in north-eastern Africa – Rwanda, Burundi, Zaïre/Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt – before reaching the Mediterranean, and is the longest international river system in the world – see Map 1. Its two main tributaries converge at Khartoum: the White Nile, which originates from Burundi and flows through the Equatorial Lakes, provides a small but steady flow that is fed by the eternal snows of the Ruwenzori (the ‘rain giver’) mountains, while the Blue Nile, which suffers from high seasonal fluctuations, descends from the lofty Ethiopian ‘water tower’ highlands. They provide 86 per cent of the waters of the Nile – Blue Nile 59 per cent, Baro-Akobo (Sobat) 14 per cent, Tekesse (Atbara) 13 per cent – while the contribution from the Equatorial Lakes region is only 14 per cent.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Blue Nile River in Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rasha Babiker Gurashi Abu Sabah ◽  
Abubaker Haroun Mohamed Adam ◽  
Dawoud Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Health Organization

The objectives of this study were to quantify the fresh water quality of Blue Nile River before processing, identify the pollutants, and to determine the most polluted areas, and their impacts on living organisms as well as the surrounding environment. Thus, random water samples were collected and analyzed at the laboratory of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Ground water and Wadis Directorates - Khartoum. The outcomes were compared with the World Health Organization standardization. The results revealed variations in the concentration of the studied elements taken from the different locations. But, the results indicated that the water quality is good, and it is within the permissible water use. However, further study is recommended to include seasonal variation as well as the biological analysis.

Cartographical Quandaries: the Limits of Knowledge Production in Burton's and Speke's Search for the Source of the Nile

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 455-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Wisnicki
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
East African ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
The World ◽  
Limits Of Knowledge ◽  
White Nile

When he sighted the southern end of Lake Victoria on 3 August 1858, John Hanning Speke (1859b:397) realized that he had discovered the “source” of the White Nile, the most important tributary of the Nile proper, and so had “almost, if not entirely, solved a problem which it has been the first geographical desideratum of many thousand years to ascertain, and the ambition of the first monarchs of the world to unravel.” That Speke was an unknown explorer and that he had made his discovery on a solo “flying trip” during the East African Expedition of 1856-59, which, under the command of the renowned explorer Richard Francis Burton, had already also discovered Lake Tanganyika, made Speke's accomplishment all the more remarkable.As contemporaries soon asserted, Speke's discovery culminated a historical series of excursions, real and imagined, into the interior of Africa and placed Speke at the pinnacle of a line of explorers and geographers that ran from Herodotus, Julius Caesar, and Ptolemy to, in more recent times, James Bruce (the Scotsman who “discovered” the source of the Blue Nile, the second most important tributary of the Nile, in 1770), the German missionaries Ludwig Krapf and Johannes Rebmann (who “discovered,” respectively, the snow-capped mountains of Kilimanjaro in 1848 and Kenya in 1849), and noted “armchair geographers” like W.D. Cooley, Charles Beke, and James M'Queen.

Mapping the Realm

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-70
Author(s):  
Marijn S. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
First Generation ◽  
River System ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Prestige

The chapter considers the geographical literature of early Seleucid writers. It is argued that the first generation of Seleucid geographers appropriated the eastern regions of the Seleucid Empire with their works, often prioritizing useful political narratives over geographical accuracy. As literature, these works seem inexorably linked to the ambition of the early Seleucid court, especially its desire to assert its dominance over vast and previously unchartered territories. Patrocles, for instance, wrote a description of the coastal regions of the Caspian Sea and the Asian river system, parts of which appear to be pure invention. However, his puzzling claims evoked the image of a world empire stretching as far as the edge of the Ocean, bolstering the prestige of the Seleucids. Another work on the north-eastern regions of the empire, by Demodamas, establishes an image of transcendental rule, an image which he anchors in a specifically Hellenistic view of the succession of empires. Thirdly, Megasthenes used his Indica to convey the idea of imperial domination through knowledge, expressed in a colonial key and backed up by targeted cultural reimaginations and precise measurements. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenge to Seleucid geography from Alexandria in the form of Eratosthenes, who overturned the Seleucid knowledge of Asia and India while reflecting a distinctly Ptolemaic view of the world.

Low and high flow analyses and wavelet application for characterization of the Blue Nile River system

2009 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Assefa Melesse ◽  
Wossenu Abtew ◽  
Tibebe Dessalegne ◽  
Xixi Wang
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Blue Nile

scholarly journals Sedimentary Environment of the Early Pleistocene Gravels of the Edfu formation from the Saqqara Archaeological Site (Egypt) – Preliminary Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wysocka ◽  
Fabian Welc ◽  
Urszula Czarniecka
Keyword(s):  
Variable Thickness ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Northern Egypt ◽  
The World

AbstractA gravel horizon is preserved in several locations within the world-wide known archaeological site in Saqqara (northern Egypt). It is characterized by a variable thickness, composed of coarse, quartz, quartzitic and flint pebbles, and considered to correspond to gravels of the Edfu Formation, deposited in the Early Pleistocene by the early phase of the Nile development (Protonile Phase). This relatively short (ca. 200 ka) and at the same time very dynamic period of Protonile activity during the Edfu Pluvial is one of the most poorly recognized hydrological-climatic episodes of the Quaternary in north-eastern Africa. This paper is focused on the preliminary sedimentological-petrographic characteristics of these deposits and an attempt to indicate their source areas as well as mechanisms of transportation and deposition in the context of Pleistocene pluvial episodes.

scholarly journals Smallpox: leaving its mark on public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 5013
Author(s):  
Corey B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Wide ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Era

Smallpox was one of the most lethal human pathogens in history. It originated around 10,000 years before common era (BCE) in North-eastern Africa, and spread world-wide through human migration and increasing population densities with periodic epidemics throughout the world. By the middle of the 18th century, around one million Europeans each year were contracting the disease with approximately one third of adults and 90 percent of infants succumbing to it. The mortality rate in the immune-naïve populations of the Aztecs and the Incas were as high as 90%. Survivors were left with disfiguring scars and one third were blinded. After the bubonic plague, it was the most feared disease. It affected the outcome of many wars, conquests and the development of many civilisations.

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

On Drummondia sinensis var. ussuriensis (Drummondiaceae, Bryophyta)

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Afonina ◽  
V. Ya. Cherdantseva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
State Nature

Drummondia sinensis Mull. Hal. var. ussuriensis (Broth.) Vitt has been found in Sokhondinskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Zabaikalsky Territory, Southern Siberia). Earlier it was known in Russia from the southern part of the Far East as well as in north-eastern part of China and North of Mongolia. The type variety of Drummondia sinensis occurs in eastern part of China, Japan and India. Description and illustration of D. sinensis var. ussuriensis based on the material collected in Russia are given, comparison with close taxa is provided, and the world distribution is dicussed.

Westward Palaearctic range expansion of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and its arrival at Mediterranean coastal regions of Turkey and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Mudar Salimeh ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

We review the continuing and extensive spread of Papilio demoleus in south-eastern Turkey and in regions of Turkey and Syria adjacent to the north-eastern Mediterranean. Since the authors documented the arrival of this attractive but potentially destructive papilionid species at coastal areas of Syria in 2019, regular monitoring has confirmed successful overwintering there, as well as in Turkey. As previously indicated, P. demoleus is widely recognized as an invasive pest species in Citrus-growing areas of the world and hence its arrival is of potential economic importance to a region in which citrus is widely grown.

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