Singapore: Its Growth as an Entrepot Port, 1819–1941

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wong Lin Ken
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post War ◽  
Point Of Reference

Once the premier port in colonial Southeast Asia and one of the foremost in the British Empire, Singapore now ranks as the world's fourth busiest port, tonnagewise, with the second highest per capita G.D.P. in Asia. Its post-war achievements rest on solid historical advantages. A broad historical survey of its commercial growth before World War II is therefore not amiss: the more so, as there has been no such panoramic presentation before. With no natural resources, Singapore's economic growth was almost synonymous with its foreign trade. In most historical works, especially those written before World War II, Singapore has been treated as an integral part of the Straits Settlements or British Malaya, for, until its emergence as a separate nation in August 1965, Singapore as the focal point of reference for researches was not part of the historical consciousness.

The Post-War Period: 1946–1972

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Ragsdale ◽  
Jerrold G. Rusk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Voting Rights Act ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual

Abstract: The chapter considers nonvoting after World War II, a unique electoral period in American history with the lowest nonvoting rates of any period from 1920–2012. The post-war period also boasts the highest economic growth rate of any of the four periods, coupled with the early days of television which transformed politics in the 1950s. In general, economic growth and the introduction of television move nonvoting rates downward. The chapter also considers in detail the struggles leading to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the law’s impact on nonvoting rates among African Americans. It also uncovers that in the 1960s the Vietnam War increased nonvoting. The chapter begins an analysis of nonvoting at the individual level. The less individuals know about the campaign context and the less they form comparisons between the candidates, the more likely they will say home on Election Day.

scholarly journals Review article: Is war necessary for economic growth?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
World War ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
General Purpose Technologies ◽  
Military Procurement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War

The article reviews Vernon Ruttan's new book, Is Growth Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technological Development (Oxford University Press, 2006). The subject matter is limited to the post-world war II United States only. Studying six general-purpose technologies emerging from war environments, the book claims that much of the U.S. post-war growth experience can be attributed to them. The reviewer finds that this is not Prof. Ruttan's best work, in part because the underlying research is too casual to support the conclusions drawn.

Stylized features of economic growth after World War II

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Łaski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Following the World War II, the advanced capitalist world, in Europe and North America, has evolved through three stages of development. The 1950s and 1960s saw unprecedented economic growth rates that can only partially be explained by post-war recovery, but was principally the result of demand management and a redistributive approach to fiscal policy that kept employment high and tended to equalize incomes. However, in the second stage, economic development slowed down to varying degrees in different countries as policies of demand management and redistribution were abandoned in favor of the market liberalization especially in the labor market. This led to high unemployment, growing economic inequality, and economic stagnation, eventually giving rise to growing indebtedness, culminating in the financial crisis of 2008. The third stage began with the financial crisis in 2008. In Europe, governments were forced to abandon counter-cyclical policies in favor of fiscal and trade balance.

Endogenous Democratization

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Boix ◽  
Susan C. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
To Come ◽  
Democratic Stability

The authors show that economic development increases the probability that a country will undergo a transition to democracy. These results contradict the finding of Przeworski and his associates, that development causes democracy to last but not to come into existence in the first place. By dealing adequately with problems of sample selection and model specification, the authors discover that economic growth does cause nondemocracies to democratize. They show that the effect of economic development on the probability of a transition to democracy in the hundred years between the mid-nineteenth century and World War II was substantial, indeed, even stronger than its effect on democratic stability. They also show that, in more recent decades, some countries that developed but remained dictatorships would, because of their development, be expected to democratize in as few as three years after achieving a per capita income of $12,000 per capita.

British and American Influence in Post-War Thailand

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Frank C. Darling
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Administrative Development ◽  
Post War ◽  
Independent Country

From the opening of Thailand (Siam) to the West in the middle of the nineteenth century until World War II the dominant European influence in thissmall independent country was that exerted by Great Britain. Although other Europeans played important roles in the technological and administrative development of Thailand, the British were able to retain a pre-eminent position in the affairs of the country. The bulk of Thailand's rice trade was with the British empire, and a British expert was traditionally employed by the Thai absolute monarchs as their leading financial adviser. The British likewise played a vital role in preventing the French from seizing larger territories in Thailand as these two leading colonial powers clashed in Southeast Asia in the 1890's. An agreement between Great Britain and France in 1896 enabled Thailand to retain its national independence, and until World War II Thailand served as a buffer state between the British colonialists in Burma and the French colons in Indochina.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita

This introductory chapter demonstrates how Turkey's performance in economic growth and human development has been a little above but close to developing-country and world averages. Turkey's political system was opened to greater participation and competition after World War II with the transition to a multiparty system which gave greater voice and power to average citizens. Turkey's formal economic institutions and economic policies also experienced a great deal of change during the last two centuries. The chapter shows that many of these institutional changes were designed to and did lead to increases in per capita income and improvements in human development. The latter part of the chapter provides an overview of the book.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Robert L. Tignor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Public Life ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Manchester School

This introduction provides an overview of W. Arthur Lewis's biography. Three considerations that surfaced so forcefully in the aftermath of the World War II—decolonization, race relations, and economic growth—were preeminent issues in the life of W. Arthur Lewis. As a person of color who grew up in an impoverished and largely ignored corner of the British Empire, he devoted much of his academic career and public life to elucidating these matters and promoting a vision of a decolonized, color-blind, and prosperous community of independent nations. Lewis's contributions to the field of development economics were significant and pioneering and made him the founding figure of a wholly new branch of economics in the 1950s. His 1954 article on economic development using unlimited supplies of labor, published in Manchester School, was arguably the single most influential essay in this field.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Second World

The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.

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