Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Reid
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Empty Term ◽  
Civic Nationalism

This article attempts to bring together recent literature about the typology of nationalism, with the ways in which ‘Malay’ or ‘Melayu’ have been used as the core of an ethnie or a nationalist project. Different meanings of ‘Melayu’ were salient at different times in Sumatra, in the Peninsula and in the eastern Archipelago, and the Dutch and British used their respective translations of it very differently. Modern ethno-nationalist projects in Malaysia and Brunei made ‘Melayu’ a contested and often divisive concept, whereas its translation into the hitherto empty term ‘Indonesia’ might have provided an easier basis for territorial, or even ultimately civic, nationalism in that country.

scholarly journals Mandevillian Virtues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Astola
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Traits ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Do So

AbstractStudies in collective intelligence have shown that suboptimal cognitive traits of individuals can lead a group to succeed in a collective cognitive task, in recent literature this is called mandevillian intelligence. Analogically, as Mandeville has suggested, the moral vices of individuals can sometimes also lead to collective good. I suggest that this mandevillian morality can happen in many ways in collaborative activities. Mandevillian morality presents a challenge for normative virtue theories in ethics. The core of the problem is that mandevillian morality implies that individual vice is, in some cases, valuable. However, normative virtue theories generally see vice as disvaluable. A consequence of this is that virtue theories struggle to account for the good that can emerge in a collective. I argue that normative virtue theories can in fact accommodate for mandevillian emergent good. I put forward three distinctive features that allow a virtue theory to do so: a distinction between individual and group virtues, a distinction between motivational and teleological virtues, and an acknowledgement of the normativity of “vicious” roles in groups.

New Economy Careers Demand Adaptive Mental Models and Resources

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies E. M. van Vianen ◽  
Ute-Christine Klehe
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Transitions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Core ◽  
Identity Threats ◽  
And Coping

Volatile economic and labor market circumstances have significant effects on the development of people’s work careers; thus recent literature on careers has started to take into account the reality of increasingly unpredictable, nonlinear, and inherently uncertain careers. In this chapter we argue that careers in the new economy require, first, that people learn to cope with identity threats; second, that they need to change their mental models of careers; and third, that they must develop the resources to adapt to more frequent and unpredictable career transitions. Specifically we address three themes that we consider at the core of adaptation to nonlinear careers: people’s work-related identities, their conceptualization of career success, and their adaptability resources. We build a model called “identity and coping during career transitions” (ICCT), which integrates theories on identity, careers, and adaptability and could serve as an agenda for future research. Finally, we provide some guidelines for practitioners and organizations.

Latin compounds

Probus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Brucale
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Abstract This paper intends to offer a descriptive survey of compounding in Latin, updated with the findings of the most recent literature. In the first part it focuses on the nature of basic constituents of Latin compounds and on the differentiation between compounds and other kinds of constructions involving two or more constituents, such as (parasynthetic) derivatives and free phrases. In the second part the core patterns of Latin compounds are exemplified, focusing on Nominal and Verbal Compounding, and a classification according to formal and semantic characteristics is proposed. Finally conclusions are drawn, the results of the investigation summarized, and some useful questions for future research are highlighted.

scholarly journals Complex Governance for the Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Philippe Le Prestre
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
International Environmental Politics ◽  
The Impact

The Anthropocene presents formidable governance challenges, not only in terms of the large uncertainties that surround the impact of humans on the biosphere, but also because it is occurring at a time of profound transformations in international politics. This article builds on the recent literature on complex systems and international environmental politics and identifies some of the core elements of thinking about governance in the Anthropocene. After a brief reminder of the characteristics of a complex system and the challenges that this poses to some of the existing doxa, it proceeds with a discussion of key elements of the system, of aspects of its operation, and of the goals that one should pursue in terms of system dynamics. Approaching the governance of the Anthropocene as a complex system allows us to shape much of current research in IR into a coherent whole, as well as identify the contours of a global international governance system of the environment that takes advantage of the dynamics of the system rather than courting failure by attempting to simplify it.

Economic, Cultural and Religious Determinants of Perceived Level of Political Corruption

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Fuat Sekmen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Worker Democracy

Political corruption has received increasing attention in the recent literature as it leads to crises in both industrialized and developing countries. This study examines the level of corruption and for this purpose this study tries to find out the question of what determines political corruption. Foreign aid, the world policy index, GDP per worker, democracy, British colony, religion, women in the parliament, ethnolinguistic fractionalization, and the number of years of schooling are used as explanatory variables. The ordinary least squares (OLS) and a parsimonious specification is used in order to identify the insignificant variables which will be dropped sequentially from the first setup, so as to arrive at a final specification. Yet, the core variables are kept, which were the number of years of democratic government (Durable), and the percentage of population with Protestant religious affiliation (Prot), and enthnolinguistic fractionalization (Etf), from the first specification to the last one and those core variables have a significant effect in determining the perceived level of corruption.

Was Abraham Kuyper een fundamentalist? Het neocalvinisme langs de fundamentalistische meetlat

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-210
Author(s):  
Tom-Eric Krijger
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
National Character ◽  
Core Element ◽  
The Core ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
Common Grace ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Church

This article aims to assess whether Dutch theologian Abraham Kuyper (1837‐1920) and his adaptation of Calvinism into a systematic theological, political and social ideology, known as ‘neo-Calvinism’, can be rightfully associated with ‘fundamentalism’. First, the article outlines the constitutive elements of neo-Calvinism: the concepts of antithesis, presumptive regeneration, sphere sovereignty, common grace, ecclesial multiformity, and organic Scriptural inspiration, the differentiation between the church as organism and as institute, the erasure of a theocratic fragment in the Belgic Confession, and the idea that Calvinism is the ‘core element’ of the Dutch national character. Second, it applies recent literature on fundamentalism to neo-Calvinism and the development of the neo-Calvinist movement. Although, as this article concludes, the neo-Calvinist movement did have some ‘fundamentalist’ features, neo-Calvinism in itself did not inevitably lead to what Jan Buskes has called ‘the triumph of fundamentalism’ at the synod of the Reformed Churches in Assen in 1926.

Building an ECT Service: An Outcomes-Equivalent Approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Little ◽  
Jo Munday ◽  
Martin Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Practice Patient ◽  
Do So

Objective: Specific guidelines, ongoing controversies in technique and audit reviews have made clinicians wary about continuing in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This paper attempts to reassure practitioners by incorporating such changes into a simple approach to ECT based on outcomes equivalence. Method: A selected compilation of the recent literature was used to describe a model for starting and/or continuing an effective ECT service. Results: It was suggested that a useful way of approaching ECT service delivery is to focus on what is actually important, getting patients better, and to do so within the context and capability of each hospital. Conclusions: ECT is a changing field. Remaining true to the core principles of clinical practice, patient selection and technique, provides a basis for beginning, continuing and further developing an effective ECT service.

De 'Meerwaarde' Van Pedagogisch Vertalen

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Monique Kroese
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Training ◽  
Dutch Universities

A common form of practising grammar and training vocabulary acquisition at secondary schools, pedagogical translation (L1-L2) is generally considered to be particularly beneficial to advanced learners. Although the translation debate in Dutch academic journals in the 1980s suggests that university teachers agree on the importance of pedagogical translation for advanced learners of English at Dutch universities, they don't seem to agree on the particular benefits. At the same time, despite 6 years of English at secondary school and an extensive exposure to English in Dutch society, students often express a frustration at their inadequacy to master this form of skills training. Little research has been done into the actual effects of L1-L2 translation on advanced learners, neither in SLA nor in translation studies. The article is a review of the recent literature, and lists a number of possible research questions around the core question: can the effect of pedagogical translation be identified and measured in a systematic way? My hypothesis is that the effect is a student's enhanced understanding of the nature of Dutch texts and their specific features. This in turn will enable students to communicate the meaning of the text adequately into English.

The Technology and Organization of Agricultural Production in the Tiwanaku State

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Kolata
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Andean Archaeology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Hierarchical Interaction ◽  
Substantial Degree

Utilizing data from six seasons of field research, this article focuses on the question of the technology and social organization of intensive agricultural production in the Andean state of Tiwanaku. Recent literature in Andean archaeology and ethnohistory asserts the dominance of local kin groups in the organization of agricultural production rather than supracommunity state authority. The analysis presented here takes issue with this perspective as applied to the core territory of the Tiwanaku state during the period from ca. A. D. 400 to 1000 (Tiwanaku IV-V). I conclude that in this period: (1) the technology of Tiwanaku intensive agricultural production turned on the creation of an artificial regional hydrological regime of canals, aqueducts, and groundwater regulation articulated with massive raised-field systems, and (2) the organization of agricultural production in this core territory entailed structured, hierarchical interaction between urban and rural settlements characterized by a substantial degree of political centralization and the mobilization of labor by social principles that reached beyond simple kinship relations.

Phylogenetic position of Synarthonia (lichenized Ascomycota, Arthoniaceae), with the description of six new species

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Van den Broeck ◽  
Andreas Frisch ◽  
Tahina Razafindrahaja ◽  
Bart Van de Vijver ◽  
Damien Ertz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Background and aims – The Arthoniaceae form a species-rich family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprophytic fungi in the order Arthoniales. As part of taxonomic revisions of the African Arthoniaceae, a number of species assignable to the genus Synarthonia were collected and sequenced. The present study aims at placing the genus in a phylogeny for the first time and at clarifying its circumscription. Methods – Nuclear (RPB2) and mitochondrial (mtSSU) DNA sequences from freshly collected specimens were obtained and analysed with phylogenetic Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Key results – Synarthonia is closely related to the genera Reichlingia and Coniocarpon in the Arthoniaceae. Six Synarthonia species are described as new to science and ten new combinations into this genus are made. A worldwide identification key to the genus Synarthonia is provided. Lectotypes are chosen for Arthonia elegans, A. inconspicua, A. lopingensis, A. ochracea, A. subcaesia and A. translucens. Arthonia thamnocarpa is synonymized with Sclerophyton elegans, and Arthonia elegans with Coniocarpon fallax. Synarthonia ochracea is shown to be a misunderstood species in the past and recent literature, since it was erroneously synonymized with Coniocarpon elegans. Synarthonia ochracea appears to start its life cycle as a non-lichenized lichenicolous fungus on Graphis before developing a lichenized thallus or it might be a facultatively lichenicolous fungus. It belongs to a complex of closely related species whose biology and circumscription are still in need of further studies.Conclusions – Synarthonia forms a monophyletic but somewhat heterogeneous lineage closely related to Coniocarpon and Reichlingia. As delimited here, Synarthonia includes corticolous lichens with a trentepohlioid photobiont as well as non-lichenized lichenicolous fungi. The core group is characterized by white pruinose ascomata, but species producing orange pruinose or non-pruinose ascomata are also included. Ascospores are transversely septate with an enlarged apical cell or are muriform. Future molecular and morphological studies are needed for a better circumscription and definition of the genus.

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