scholarly journals Translating and Transliterating Marxism in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
OLIVER CRAWFORD
Keyword(s):  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Vocabulary

Abstract In the 1910s and 1920s, when Indonesian communists first seriously engaged with Marxism, they faced the questions of how to translate Marx's concepts from Dutch, the language in which they generally encountered them, into Malay, the lingua franca of the Indonesian archipelago, and how to make these ideas relevant in an Asian and largely Islamic context. Focusing on three aspects of Marxism—the ‘scientific’ nature of communism, class conflict in feudal and capitalist society, and the relationship between communism and Islam—I argue that Indonesian communists alternated between transliteration and translation in their exposition of Marxism. Transliterating ‘universal’ Marxist categories such as proletarian (proletar) and capitalism (kapitalisme) allowed Indonesian communists to speak in global terms and strengthened their claim that Marxism was a science with a universal terminology. At the same time, there was a process of ‘localization’, whereby foreign Marxist materials were translated to bring them closer to local cultural norms. Malay substitutes were found for Marx's typology of classes and historical eras, while Arabic terms associated with Islam were used to add a moral dimension to the Marxist critique of capitalism. These translations grounded Marxism in Islam and Indonesian history, but also elevated vernacular terms to universal status by eliding them with Marx's categories. The resulting style of Indonesian Marxism was multilingual. From the 1930s, however, Indonesian nationalists consciously moved away from transliteration, devising a more thoroughly Indonesian political vocabulary to replace Marx's terms, though one still clearly influenced by Marxism.

scholarly journals Marketing Class Consciousness in A Passage to India: A Marxist Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (I) ◽  
pp. 362-375
Keyword(s):  
Caste System ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
Marxist Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper is aimed to analyze the novel A Passage to India from the Marxist perspective. For the analysis, the major theoretical insights have been taken from Marxist critics including Luckas (1968) and Antonio Gramci (1988). The analysis is thematic in nature. Generally, we see that Marxist criticism takes in consideration that the capitalist society is divided into haves and haves not. Lucaks (1968) considers that Marxist ideology can be extended from mere class conflicts to the class and caste system, gender, and race also. Therefore, this analysis has been extended from the simple Marxist category of class conflicts to the exploitation of the underdeveloped and developed, colonizer and the colonized, religion as well. Gramscian model Marxist criticism considers ideology as superstructure and state apparatuses as discursive tools of exploitation. In relation to Marxist critique, we see that the relationship of both bourgeoisie and proletariat classes is parallel to the colonizer and colonized in imperialist conditions. At present Marxist criticism also includes slavery as an outcome of socio and economic un-equality. Marxist criticism counts religion as a marker of raising class consciousness. It has been found in the study that the English people and administrative were the men of resources in India. The English had exploited the Indians on account of being without resources. In the conclusion, A Passage to India as a piece of literature represents the ideological and class-based relations based on economic relations. Keywords: Marxist ideology, Class Conflict, Class Consciousness, Religion and Race

scholarly journals BAHASA INDONESIA DAN NASIONALISME DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Kertiasih
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Local Context ◽  
National Context ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

[Title: Indonesian Language and Nationalism in Indonesia] This paper reveals the relationship between the Indonesian language and nationalism, and their relation to one another. Indonesian recognized derived from the Malay language is the lingua franca formerly in trade in the archipelago. This paper is lifted language and nationalism with the following questions: (1) how the Malay language to be Indonesian? (2) how the spirit of Indonesian nationalism becomes a factor?, (3) how the Indonesian language in Indonesia's national and local context? From the results it appears that the Indonesian study originated from the ancient Malay language which evolved into the lingua franca in the association between the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago. Malay language that can momentum in youth congress Indonesia II (1928), expressed as the Indonesian language. Associated with nationalism, the Indonesian language becomes an important factor because of the language, ideas of nationhood developed within political organizations in the colonial period and the period afterwards. Indonesian in a local context to be understood that the regional languages have enriched the Indonesian language in its development. Next in the national context, the Indonesian language remain important, as a symbol of unity, a unifying tool, serves as an introduction in education, as a means of communication at the national level, as a means of development of culture, science, and technology.

Textual Events

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Homeric Hymns ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Performance ◽  
Textual Traditions ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
Formal Features

Recent decades have seen a major expansion in our understanding of how early Greek lyric functioned in its social, political, and ritual contexts. The fundamental role song played in the day-to-day lives of communities, groups, and individuals has been the object of intense study. This volume places its focus elsewhere, and attempts to illuminate poetic effects that cannot be captured in functional terms. Employing a range of interpretative methods, it explores the idea of lyric performances as textual events. Several chapters investigate the pragmatic relationship between real performance contexts and imaginative settings. Others consider how lyric poems position themselves in relation to earlier texts and textual traditions, or discuss the distinctive encounters lyric poems create between listeners, authors, and performers. In addition to studies that analyse individual lyric texts and lyric authors (Sappho, Alcaeus, Pindar), the volume includes treatments of the relationship between lyric and the Homeric Hymns. Building on the renewed concern with the aesthetic in the study of Greek lyric and beyond, Textual Events re-examines the relationship between the poems’ formal features and their historical contexts. Lyric poems are a type of sociopolitical discourse, but they are also objects of attention in themselves. They enable reflection on social and ritual practices as much as they are embedded within them. As well as enacting cultural norms, lyric challenges listeners to think about and experience the world afresh.

Mary Barton

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Elizabeth Gaskell ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Deep Sympathy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Class Community

‘It's the masters as has wrought this woe; it's the masters as should pay for it.’ Set in Manchester in the 1840s - a period of industrial unrest and extreme deprivation - Mary Barton depicts the effects of economic and physical hardship upon the city's working-class community. Paralleling the novel's treatment of the relationship between masters and men, the suffering of the poor, and the workmen's angry response, is the story of Mary herself: a factory-worker's daughter who attracts the attentions of the mill-owner's son, she becomes caught up in the violence of class conflict when a brutal murder forces her to confront her true feelings and allegiances. Mary Barton was praised by contemporary critics for its vivid realism, its convincing characters and its deep sympathy with the poor, and it still has the power to engage and move readers today. This edition reproduces the last edition of the novel supervised by Elizabeth Gaskell and includes her husband's two lectures on the Lancashire dialect.

The interpreters’ point of view on ELF at the European Commission: “A completely uneven playing field”

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Cristina Scardulla
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communicative Effectiveness

AbstractThe use of English as a Lingua Franca is a promising solution to the overcoming of language barriers in a wide variety of contexts and, despite being formally governed by the principle of multilingualism, the European institutions are no exception. This paper aims at shedding light on the perception on the use of ELF within the European Commission, by presenting the results of a questionnaire carried out within the framework of a broader PhD project. The target population is that of interpreters working for the European Commission. The analysis focuses on two specific questions, which address interpreters in their role as communication experts, inviting them to momentarily set aside their opinion on the relationship between ELF and interpretation and rather assess ELF in terms of “communicative effectiveness,” considered as an essential component to a successful communication. Results confirm previous ITELF (Interpreting, Translation and English as a Lingua Franca) studies, in that interpreters believe that ELF tends to decrease the level of communicative effectiveness and that, based on their direct experience, less than half of the speakers in these meetings succeed at expressing themselves effectively when using ELF. Most importantly, they elaborate on what this loss of effectiveness entails in terms of communication quality, interlocutors’ participation rights and multilingualism.

scholarly journals Muralismo libertário: comunicação e educação emancipadora

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Marilda Lopes Pinheiro Queluz ◽  
Gilson Leandro Queluz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Image Production ◽  
Authoritarian Communication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
American Cities

RESUMO Este trabalho pretende, através do exemplo do muralismo libertário latino-americano, problematizar as relações entre educação e emancipação. É nossa compreensão que as práticas de ação direta pertinentes ao muralismo libertário, são processos constituintes de uma comunicação igualitária em franca antítese e resistência a um modo de comunicação autoritário característico da sociedade capitalista e de sua indústria cultural.  Analisaremos algumas obras dos coletivos muralistas anarquistas contemporâneos nas cidades latino-americanas, demonstrando sua orientação temática, suas estratégias de produção e representação imagética, e sua concepção explícita de uma formação cultural ampliada. Consideramos que o muralismo libertário, ao se apropriar do espaço urbano como meio de comunicação, ao ressignificar nos muros os demarcadores das desigualdades sociais, procura constituir uma cultura da resistência, materializando os fundamentos de um modo de comunicação igualitário.   Palavras-chave: Muralismo Latino-americano. Muralismo Libertário. Educação e Emancipação.   ABSTRACT The following paper aims to problematize the relationship between education and emancipation through the example of Latin American libertarian muralism. It is the authors’ understanding that the practices concerning the libertarian muralism belong to an egalitarian communication, which is openly against an authoritarian communication peculiar to the capitalist society and its culture industry. The authors will analyze some studies of the contemporary anarchist collective muralists in Latin American cities, demonstrating their thematic orientation, their strategies of image production and representation, and their explicit conception of a broad cultural formation. In addition, the authors consider that libertarian muralism, by using urban space as a means of communication, and re-defining the main aspects of social inequalities, seeks to establish a culture of resistance, materializing the foundations of an egalitarian way of communication.   Keywords: Latin American Muralism. Libertarian Muralism. Education and Emancipation.

scholarly journals Organisational Culture and Corporate Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olu Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research article is to examine various concepts on organisational culture and strives to ascertain the importance of the relationship between organisational culture and corporate performance in a business context. The study adopted survey research design. The population of this study is the entire employees of Nigerian commercial banks. Primary data were used for this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was administered to the selected respondents, The two hypotheses proffered were tested and relevant recommendations were made. The conclusion drawn from the study is that organisational culture plays a vital role in an organisation’s general performance. This study contributes to organisational culture’s literature by showing that employees would commit themselves to organisational goals and work actively in achieving those goals when they buy into cultural norms of the organisation and thus increase organisational performance.

scholarly journals Formación y cultura escrita: los libros del agrimensor Francisco Falcón (1764)

2020 ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Amparo García Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Bibliographic Collection

This article approaches the study of the private library of the Murcian land surveyor Francisco Falcón de los Reyes, from the first half of the eighteenth century, which constitutes a clear example of the relationship between education and written culture. From the data extracted from a postmortem inventory and the subsequent appraisal and partition of goods among the heirs, we carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of said library. First, the text provides a biographical profile of this geometer, a descendant of slaves (new Christians), and describes the formative precariousness of these professionals in their time. The quantitative analysis of the bibliographic collection and its comparison with other private collections from similar socioeconomic fields indicate the importance of this particular collection. The qualitative study of authors and titles shows, on one hand, the high degree of mathematical training of the subject, who is shown to be a recipient of the fundamentally Valencian pre-illustrated reformist scientific mainstream, and, on the other hand, the purpose with which those books were incorporated into the funds of the collection. Together with the library, which we could call professional, due to its scientific nature, the inventoried religious matter in the form of printed documents makes up another interesting part of the collection, one of a catechetical nature in its various formative levels

Poetry in Film: Performance, Identity, and Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
David Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Film Performance ◽  
Institutional Authority ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This paper will examine the way poetry – and particularly the performance of poetry by adolescent characters – is represented in film. The paper argues that film offers a space within which it is possible to reflect in particularly probing ways on the relationship between poetry’s often contradictory roles in both expressing cultural norms and enabling repressed, neglected or forbidden aspects of individuals’ experience to be articulated. In particular, the performance of poetry by adolescents in films often takes place in dramatized contexts where the exercise of institutional authority is being questioned and individuals are undergoing difficult forms of personal transformation, awakening or development. Analysis and comparison of some exemplary instances in which the performance of poetry plays a central role in such struggles reveals much about the continued potency of poetic forms in an era when mainstream poetry itself has come to be widely perceived as either marginal or irrelevant to most ordinary people’s lives.

The Moral Dimension of Constitutional Faith

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the relationship between the Constitution—and the sovereign people ostensibly represented in its terms—and morality. Constitution faith requires the linkage of law and morality even as most twentieth-century jurisprudence has emphasized their analytic separation. All calls for renewed faith in the rule of law and renewal of the constitutional covenant imply that submission to the Constitution will create not only order but also the conditions of a social order worthy of respect. In order to see the logic and desirability of submission to the rule of the Constitution, the assumed linkage between it and morality must be closely examined.

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