Rediscovering Afghan Fine Arts: The life of an Afghan student in Germany, Abdul Ghafur Brechna

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
MARJAN WARDAKI
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
European Universities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
History Of

Abstract In 1919, Afghanistan embarked on a series of reforms that led to the presence of Afghan students at various European universities, facilitating the circulation of peoples, ideas, and goods. Focusing on one of these cases, this article examines how an Afghan student engaged critically with ‘Western’ art and translated artistic ideas and technologies through the grid of Afghanistan's own history of the fine arts. Through an exploration of the work of Abdul Ghafur Brechna (1907–1974)—artist, music composer, poet, and writer—I argue that, despite his desire to train at German technical schools, Brechna translated, then connected, his Western training to restore Afghanistan's traditional visual and literary arts, making it problematic to define his oeuvre as purely ‘modern’ or ‘traditional’. The first aim is to situate Brechna within the intellectual milieu of Weimar Germany, placing emphasis on how he curated the course of his education to support his aims. By tracing out the evolution of his artistic knowledge to Afghanistan, the second part of this article connects his earlier training to the newly emerging scholars in Kabul who also grappled with national renewal and an ‘Aryan’ literary and cultural heritage. Lastly, I discuss his attempt to rewrite the history of the arts by closely analysing his visual and literary work, emphasizing in particular his attempt to reconnect to themes and genres that had previously been lost or neglected.

Alexander Chak’s Correspondence – historical and artistic value of the Latvian cultural heritage

2013 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Antra Medne
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Material World ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literature History

Evaluating and grouping the literature historical relics, including the correspondences by letters between famous people, for a ground (base) we could take categories which demonstrate the qualities which have elements from the material world in an anent with a human. The cultural historian Fridrich Waidacher by researching the interconnection and selective values between material and spiritual world classified the evidences of material world in several chapters which are not strictly caged in permanent schemes (patterns). The division was made by taking F. Waidacher conception as a base and researching the correspondence by letters of Latvian poets and cultural workers: The potential value of the memory, the meaning which we ascribe to a concrete object (epistle). The historical value (a reference to a concrete period of time). The value of variability (a reference to the changes in the world). Rarity (singularity). The valueofarts. The correspondence in the Latvian literature – history is not a rarity. There are published several letters, for an example, between Mirdza Kempe and Eric Adamson; collected and are waiting for publishing – Raina and Aspazijas letters in the time from 1894 to 1929. This correspondence is made from 2499 letters in Latvian, Russian and German: 1154 letters are from Aspazija to Rainis and 1345 – from Rainis to Aspazija. The correspondence by letters for Alexandrs Chaks is more modest. There are just some letters, which were written by the poet. In collections in the Museum of Alexandr Chak and in the Museum of Literature and Music are approximately 40 letters written by other persons, which written to Alexandr Chak. For reasons of clearliness, they can be devided in: Letters of friends and greeting cards, which were sent to the poet in annual increment and also on birthdays. The letters from colleagues in which are analyzed the creative literature works. Official letters and reports which were sent from the State authorities and public organizations. Invitations and encouragements to start a literary work. This part refers to the period of time after the war when poets were „propelled“ to write more and appropriate to the leading instructions. Requests of help and money loans were always an issue, because A. Chak was not closefisted and gave the money to many suppliants. Letters from admirers. The most pleasant part of the correspondence. The correspondence by letters in nowadays is a rarity. It is a unique evidence of the beginning of 20th century which supplemented and enriched the history of Latvian literature and culture, by marking a very personal lines in lives of writers and poets. In this research are included just the main thoughts and waypoints in the diversity in A. Chak’s correspondence. The left written message by the poet – correspondence is deliberate and easy to access for researcher. The aim of the research: the evaluating the cultural heritage of the correspondence of Alexander Chak. The method of the research: the used method includes life stories, historical content and researching of the letters and personal documents from people who are involved in this research. In the history of literature are used not only such nomenclatures like biographical method, but also the method of oral history. The exploratory material – correspondence – is acquired during the biographical research and interviews. The biographical access, in general, is typical accent on a life of a person and also on the most significant stages and expression of it. Also, if the goal of a research is to analyze various life aspects or life stages of a person, these are looked up in a biographical context. The main question in those biographical researches is about interrelations between individual and the World. Material: the exploratory material is the correspondence of Alexander Chak which is collected and summed up from various museum holdings of Latvia, publications in books and private collections. Outcome: Are collected all written letters by Alexander Chak which are extant. Are collected and grouped all letters which Alexander Chak has received from other addressees. These letters are grouped and analyzed, by considering the topical principle. Conclusions: The culture of letter writing disappears. In the 20th century people wrote letters to each other which are extant and usable for the basis of source information in the exploratory work. Nowadays it is an exclusive thing, letters to be written in paper form, which helps to form and strengthen people relationship. The lifespan of an electronically letters are just so long, till they are moved to the recycle bin and completely deleted from the computer. The researchers of the next century will face the lack of documental material. The researchers of literature history in next hundred years will face the lack of documental material which will partly disturb to trace the development of a poets or a story writers character.

scholarly journals GRAPHIC LITERATURE: DEFINITIONS, HISTORY, COMPONENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Nataliia Belichko ◽  
Nadiia Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Art Form ◽  
History Of

Abstract. The article defines for the first time the concept of graphic literature a special kind of book and magazine graphics, which has become widespread in world art practice over the past century. It emphasizes that graphic literature combines elements of fine arts, literature, and cinema. It reveals the essence of graphic literature in the narrative of history through a sequence of images. It reviews the history of formation and development of this art form in world and Ukrainian art history. It outlines the specific features of graphic literature in certain countries. It gives the names of personalities who influenced its origin and spread around the world. The article is mainly focused on the analysis of the history of graphic literature development in Ukraine. It outlines the contribution of Ukrainian artists of the 20th century to its development. It emphasizes the reasons for the negative attitude to graphic works of literature in Soviet times. It considers in detail the spread of works of graphic literature in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. It names Ukrainian personalities and specialized publishing houses that actively develop modern graphic literature. It outlines the basic structure, some important elements, and technique of graphic works. It emphasizes the similarity of the design of works of graphic and fiction. It reveals the main purpose of graphic literature in the most effective way to convey the main idea of a literary work to the reader and to get him/her interested with the help of visual images. It examines the genre diversity of graphic literature in Ukraine in the last decade. It analyses the dependence of the genres of graphic works on the age restrictions of the readership. It reveals the necessity to further study and analyse such graphic works from the art point of view. Graphic literature combines publications in which the narration is conveyed through hand-drawn and textual images in a certain sequence.

Medieval contexts and modern realities of a Genocide-survivor artwork

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Gohar Grigoryan Savary
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Exhibition History ◽  
Cultural Genocide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Miniature Painting ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article is a critical review of Heghnar Watenpaugh’s monograph The Missing Pages, which traces the history of the thirteenth-century Zeytun Gospels from its creation to the 2010s, when several of the manuscript’s illustrated folios became subject to a restitution claim through a lawsuit filed by the Armenian Church against the Getty Museum. It highlights the importance of Watenpaugh’s publication on assembling and clarifying the impressive itinerary of the Zeytun Gospels, the manuscript’s sociocultural functions, as well as the historiographic research on Cilician miniature painting conducted by the author in the framework of this book. In the present article, several issues raised in the book are critically explored from different angles, expressing a partial or significant difference of opinion when it comes to some of the interpretations and contextualizations proposed by Watenpaugh. These include: Watenpaugh’s nonexhaustive consideration of the Zeytun Gospels’ colophons, which stand as the most authentic documentations on the manuscript’s history prior to the twentieth century; her tracing of parallel examples of artifacts that survived the Genocide based not on scholarly research but on popular narratives (and on contemporary literary writings); the discussion of bilingual coins minted by the Armenian king Hetum I and the Seljuk sultan Kaykhusraw II as cases of “complex identities of the period”, without delving into these complexities, and, thus, not doing justice to the nuances of the medieval context of their rule; some aspects of the history of scholarship on Cilician miniature painting; and the way Watenpaugh presents two of the most prominent historians of Armenian art, Sirarpie Der Nersessian and Karekin Hovsepian, and their attitudes toward the ownership and acquisition of Armenian cultural heritage by western art institutions, which appear to be less than balanced in The Missing Pages. Finally, some reflections on contemporary exhibition practices of survivor artifacts, whose current locations of preservation are often a consequence of (cultural) genocide and dubious acquisition practices, require clearer and more in-depth presentation, at least as far as the exhibition history of the Zeytun Gospels and its separated folios is concerned.

Materiality in Sound Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Blokkum Flø
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Western Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Sound Objects ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the recent resurgence of kinetic sound art in light of the relationship between art and material. It does this by studying the history of mechanical musical instruments and kinetic art, the role of immateriality in the history of Western art, and the renewed focus on materiality in the arts. Materiality is key to understanding the resurgence of kinetics in sound art. The first part of this article studies the historical narratives of materiality in sound art, while the second part investigates materiality in my own works as more contemporary examples. Here the text turns to exploration of the material and acoustic properties of metal rods and plates, and suggests that direct contact with sound-producing objects provides opportunities for new art forms where the morphology of sound can be developed in dialogue with the physical objects and the surrounding space. By examining the underlying acoustic principles of rods and plates, we get a deeper understanding of the relationship between mathematical models and the actual sounding objects. Using the acoustic model with basic input parameters enables us to explore the timbral possibilities of the sound objects. This allows us to shape the spectrum of acoustic sound objects with great attention to detail, and makes models from spectromorphology relevant during the construction of the objects. The physical production of sound objects becomes both spectral composition and shaping of spatial objects. This highlights the importance of knowledge of both materials and acoustic principles, and questions the traditional perception of sound art and music as immaterial art forms.

scholarly journals CULTUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING “THE HISTORY OF FINE ARTS”

2020 ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
D.L. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
N.O. Kopylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Art History ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Programs

Today’s culture presents new important challenges for the education system. The transformation of cultural norms and standards and the movement of social consciousness towards tolerance require the formation of a new ideal of "cultural human". The value of professional knowledge implies a strong connection with the moral upbringing of future professionals and their orientation towards general cultural values. For its part, actual educational paradigm focuses on the principle of complexity and interdisciplinarity, integration of different scientific methods. This is appropriate for the studying and teaching the art disciplines. Of course, art has always been considered in close connection with the cultural and historical context, because art cannot exist outside it. Today, however, the search for new perspectives in interdisciplinary research is relevant in the field of culture and the arts, as in humanities and social sciences in general. This is also due to the transformation of the concept of art in today’s world, which requires the search for new vectors of analysis, addition and expansion of traditional tools of art’sanalysis. The objectives of this study are to analyze the educational and work programs and textbooks of the History of Fine Arts (the History of Arts) of the last five years; to determine what scientific culturological methods are most commonly used in the development of today’s educational and methodicalliterature (textbooks, manuals, educational programs) of “The History of Fine Arts ("The History of Arts"); to identify what other methods should be appropriate to include in the toolkit of studying and teaching the art history; to present the interaction between the teacher and students as a "cultural dialogue"; to reveal the role of cultural approach in the spiritual and aesthetic education of future artists.The researchers’ interest in the cultural aspects of the pedagogical process in today’s Ukrainian studies is increasing. O. Malanchuk-Rybak, I. Pyatnitska-Pozdnyakova, O.Shevnyuk, N. Kovaleva, Yu. Solovyova and others consider the cultural aspects of studying art history and teaching art disciplines. The cultural approach to analyzing the evolution of the world's art systems is demonstrated by the textbooks of the last decade, including “The History of the Arts” by O. Shevnyuk (2015), “The History of Arts” by K. Tregubov (2015), “Ukrainian Art in the Historical Dimension” (Yu. Solovyova, O. Mkrtichyan, 2017), etc. As well asthe research has determined the culturological orientation of educational and work programs in last five years: “The History of Arts” (Trofimchuk-Kirilova T., 2017), “The History of Fine Arts”(O. Kirichen-ko, 2019), “The History of Fine Arts and Architecture” (Panasyuk V. 2015), “The History of Fine Arts” (Panyok TV, 2016), etc. The article deals with the cultural aspects of the study and teaching of the art on the basis of these educational and methodological publications. For this purpose the following methods are used in the article: descriptive method, method of system analysis, axiological approach and socio-cultural analysis.The analysis of these textbooks and work programs made it possible to formulate the subject, purpose and main objectives of the course “The History of Fine Arts”. The aim of the course is to form students' systematic knowledge of the development of fine arts from archaic times to the present.In this context the culturological orientation of teaching "The History of Fine Arts" makes it possible to solve the following educational problems: forming a complex of knowledge about the essence of art, its functions in culture and society; moral and aesthetic education and involvement in cultural values; revealing the general patterns of evolution of the world art systems; forming an artistic picture of the world through mastering the system of artistic knowledge; understanding of the historical and cultural conditionality of aesthetic canons in art; mastering the basic principles and forms of communicative experience of art as a means of transmitting socially meaningful cultural meanings; development of critical perception and interpretation of works of art, ability to navigate in artistic styles and movements; involvement of artistic and creative artifacts in the fulfillment of various socio-cultural tasks. Thus, future artists not only learn to solve immediate professional tasks, but also accumulate the ideological and artistic experience of the past, acquire the ability to interpret it and make certain predictions, in particular in thetoday’s art market. Domestic researchers believe that the synthesis of methods of art studies and cultural studies is relevant in teaching the course "The History of Fine Arts". It was found out that systematic analysis, diachronic and synchronic methods, socio-cultural approach, biographical method allow revealing the content of the course most completely. Semiotic analysis and gender approach can also open up the new perspectives of the studying and teaching of art history in today’s humanitarian discourse.

scholarly journals Literary and Philosophical Heritage of Symbolism (on Problem of Searching for Truth)

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01086
Author(s):  
Evgeny Korobeinikov ◽  
Denis Khabibulin ◽  
Evgeny Tsapov ◽  
Olesya Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Philosophical Standpoint ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Relationship

This paper examines the cultural heritage of the end of the 19th- the beginning of the 20th century, which period is known for the crisis that struck all the spheres of life of the time – social and economic, political, philosophical, aesthetic. It is for this reason that the intellectuals of the time reflected on the crisis in their artistic, philosophical and spiritual search. In particular, this can be traced in the works of Russian and foreign modernists. In that period, the problem of creative cognition as a special ideology and a way to create life becomes of particular importance. The relevance of this work is defined by striving to outline certain approaches to solving this problem. The aim of this research is to identify the particularities of the subject-object relationship and how it forms in a literary work while enabling the author to build an adequate symbolist picture of the world, to transform and create it. The aspect examined by the authors of this article will help analyse the system of symbolism, just like any other theory, from the philosophical standpoint. One can use the results of this research when developing new programmes for basic and special courses in the history of 20th-century Russian literature and culture to be taught at university or at school.

Art and New Technology in Mexico: The National Center for the Arts

Leonardo ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Castro
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The author chronicles the history of Mexico's Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts) in Mexico City, and in particular the Multimedia Center, a space dedicated to the creation and teaching of the arts and preservation of cultural heritage through the use of new technologies such as CD-ROMs, the Internet and teleconferencing, as well as exhibitions. After 10 years of operation, the Multimedia Center faces new types of challenges as the new technologies become successfully integrated into creative practice. In response to the changing environment, the center is moving toward collaborations with similar institutions internationally and toward new funding models.

scholarly journals The Ingress Of World Artistic Experience In The Fine Arts Of The 1970s-1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Khasanboy Umarjon Ugli Rakhimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Artistic Experience ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The work of writing discusses the history of Uzbek fine arts. It analyzes the different period works of art by Uzbek and Russian artists who lived in Uzbekistan. Fine art is one of the arts that quickly affects the human mind, arouses good feelings and enriches the spiritual world.At the same time, the visual arts are educators who contribute to the formation and development of the individual.

scholarly journals Syiar Islam dalam Upacara Adat Hanta Ua Pua di Tanah Bima Nusa Tenggara Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Alan Malingi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meaning And Purpose

This article was written to preserve and promote one of the most important ceremonies in Bima NTB known as the Hanta Ua Pua. As a cultural heritage of Islam, the ceremony was held to coincide with the commemoration of the birthday of the Prophet or the Maulid Nabi Muhammad so in Bima it is also called the Hanta Ua Pua Ade Wura Molu or Molu (the delivery of Ua Pua in the birthday month). In the historical development of Bima, Hanta Ua Pua ceremony was first held during the reign of Sultan Abdul Khair Sirajuddin, the second sultan of Bima (16401682 AD). Since then, Hanta Ua Pua was recognized as a a routine celebration of the Bima sultanate known as Na'e Rawi Kali Ma Tolu Samba'a, considered one of the grand ceremonies held three times a year: the Ndiha Aru King Na'e (the celebration of Eid al-Adha), the Ndiha Aru King To'i (Eid celebrations), and the Ndiha Ua Pua (celebration Hanta Ua Pua). This study outlines the history of Islam in the Land of Bima for Hanta Ua Pua is related to the process of Islamic religious missions in Bima, the meaning and purpose Pua Ua, its ceremonies, its ritual supplies, as well as the arts ceremony of Hanta Ua Pua. Artikel ini ditulis untuk melestarikan dan mempromosikan salah satu upacara adat di tanah Bima NTB yang dikenal dengan Hanta Ua Pua yang merupakan warisan budaya islam. Upacara ini dilaksanakan bertepatan dengan peringatan Maulid Nabi Muhammmad SAW. sehingga dalam bahasa Bima juga sering disebut dengan Hanta Ua Pua Ade Wura Molu atau MOLU ( Pengantaran Ua Pua di dalam bulan maulid). Dalam Perkembangan sejarah Bima, upacara Hanta Ua Pua dilaksanakan pertama kali pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Abdul Khair Sirajuddin, sultan Bima kedua (1640-1682 M). Sejak saat itu, Hanta Ua Pua ditetaptakan sebagai perayaan rutin kesultanan Bima yang dikenal dengan Rawi Na’e Ma Tolu Kali Samba’a, termasukl upacara besar yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga kali setahun. Perayaan tersebut yaitu Ndiha Aru Raja Na’e (Perayaan Idul Adha), Ndiha Aru Raja To’i (Perayaan Idul Fitri), dan Ndiha Ua Pua (Perayaan Hanta Ua Pua). Studi ini menguraikan sejarah Islam di Tanah Bima karena Hanta Ua Pua berkaitan dengan proses penyiaran agama Islam di Bima, makna dan tujuan Ua Pua, rangkaian upacara Ua Pua, perlengkapan ritual Ua Pua, serta kesenian pengiring upacara Hanta Ua Pua.

scholarly journals Il rococò a Valencia e la sua applicazione nell’adorno architettonico

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Gaetano Giannotta
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
San Andres ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Riassunto: Il Rococò si manifestò nella città di Valencia durante il trentennio centrale del Settecento e si espresse in tutte le forme dell’arte. Raggiunse l’apice della sua ricchezza nella decorazione degli interni, primi tra tutti quelli del palazzo de Dos Aguas e della vicina chiesa di San Andrés. Il suo successo cessò con l’avvento dell’Accademismo, che con l’istituzione della Reale Accademia di Belle Arti di San Carlos nel 1768, pretese il controllo delle arti sotto il segno del neoclassicismo. Si è sempre relegato il Rococò nelle ultime pagine dell’evoluzione del Barocco valenzano e manca uno studio indipendente del Rococò valenciano, delle sue fonti stilistiche, dei modelli che impiega, delle sue relazioni con gli stili precedenti, delle cause che determinano il suo trentennale successo. Questo articolo pretende iniziare a far luce su questi aspetti, confidando che approfondimenti futuri possano valorizzare le produzioni di uno dei periodi più ricchi della storia dell’arte valenciana.     Parole chiave: rococò, Valencia, XVIII secolo, accademismo. Abstract: Rococo emerged in the city of Valencia in the central three decades of 18th century and it has been expressing itself in all forms of art. It reached the peak of its richness in interior decoration, first of all those of the palace de Dos Aguas and the nearby church of San Andrés. Its success ended because of arrival of Academism, with the establishment in 1768 of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos, which claims to control the arts under the sign of neoclassicism. The Rococo has been always relegated to the last pages of the evolution of the Valencian Baroque. Nowadays, an independent study of the Valencian Rococo and its stylistic sources, of the models it employs, of its relations with previous styles, of the reasons of its thirty-year success, is still missing. This article pretends to shed light on these aspects, trusting that further studies can enhance the products of one of the richest periods in the history of Valencian art.Keywords: rococo, Valencia, XVIII century, academicism. 

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