scholarly journals GRAPHIC LITERATURE: DEFINITIONS, HISTORY, COMPONENTS

Author(s):  
Nataliia Belichko ◽  
Nadiia Marchenko

Abstract. The article defines for the first time the concept of graphic literature a special kind of book and magazine graphics, which has become widespread in world art practice over the past century. It emphasizes that graphic literature combines elements of fine arts, literature, and cinema. It reveals the essence of graphic literature in the narrative of history through a sequence of images. It reviews the history of formation and development of this art form in world and Ukrainian art history. It outlines the specific features of graphic literature in certain countries. It gives the names of personalities who influenced its origin and spread around the world. The article is mainly focused on the analysis of the history of graphic literature development in Ukraine. It outlines the contribution of Ukrainian artists of the 20th century to its development. It emphasizes the reasons for the negative attitude to graphic works of literature in Soviet times. It considers in detail the spread of works of graphic literature in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. It names Ukrainian personalities and specialized publishing houses that actively develop modern graphic literature. It outlines the basic structure, some important elements, and technique of graphic works. It emphasizes the similarity of the design of works of graphic and fiction. It reveals the main purpose of graphic literature in the most effective way to convey the main idea of a literary work to the reader and to get him/her interested with the help of visual images. It examines the genre diversity of graphic literature in Ukraine in the last decade. It analyses the dependence of the genres of graphic works on the age restrictions of the readership. It reveals the necessity to further study and analyse such graphic works from the art point of view. Graphic literature combines publications in which the narration is conveyed through hand-drawn and textual images in a certain sequence.

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 22030
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kriulina

Training of professional and personal development of a Manager is analyzed as a multifunctional psychological practice. A brief history of changing the status of training in Russia and the attitude of scientists to it is presented. Practical, theoretical and methodological substantiation of the author's point of view on training as a special kind of psychological practice is given. The main functions of the training are described in detail: psychotherapeutic, motivational, developmental, diagnostic, learning. The functions are described using examples from the specific practice of conducting training with adult business school students who have the status of a Manager in their professional field. An original form of determining the quality of managers ' training using training is proposed: development and description of a personal program of personal and professional development for the next two years. The perspective of training research as a psychological practice is outlined.


Author(s):  
Анна Алексеевна Троицкая

Статья посвящена одной из сторон творчества английского миниатюриста-эмальера Уильяма Эссекса, выполнившего серию исторических портретов представителей тюдоровской династии. В контексте общего интереса к английской истории, а также определенной ретроспективной тенденции, свойственной викторианской эпохе, работы Эссекса демонстрируют восприятие портретной миниатюры как воплощение образов прошлого и как характерную «вещицу из прошлого». Традиция создавать небольшие изображения, предназначенные для приватного созерцания, довольно стара, и англичане, преуспевшие в развитии портретного жанра, на протяжении нескольких столетий были долгое время увлечены ею. В данной статье произведения Уильяма Эссекса рассматриваются с точки зрения стилистических и технических аспектов создания миниатюры, что позволяет осветить вопросы, связанные со сменой восприятия этой малой формы портретного искусства. Парадоксальность ситуации воспроизведения в миниатюре портретов английских монархов c миниатюрных же оригиналов, написанных в XVI – начале XVII вв., исследуется в статье с позиций теории и практики коллекционирования как способа взаимодействия с историей. Интерес к прошлому, разнообразно проявившийся в культуре викторианской Англии, здесь усиливается необходимостью представления фамильной истории английской короны. Выбор формы для ее визуализации определен предпочтением личного, приватного искусства миниатюры, которое придает обращению к истории сентиментальный характер. В контексте зарождения и распространения фотографических портретов той эпохи эмалевые миниатюры выступают как носители образов прошлого, как воплощение угасающего рукотворного искусства, вытесняемого новыми техническими средствами. Наконец, работа Эссекса над историческими портретами тюдоровской Англии, с его стремлением к формально-стилистическому подобию, становится частью сложного ретроспективного механизма, подобного двойной цитате, поскольку оригиналы воспроизводимых миниатюр также не являлись исходными изображениями. Анализ художественно-образных средств, характерных для серии портретов-миниатюр, и исторических обстоятельств возникновения интереса заказчика к конкретным образам прошлого позволяет выявить тонкую грань между воспроизведением и стилизацией, следованием традиции и идеализацией. Исследование специфического художественного опыта создания этих миниатюр обнаруживает особый способ обращения к культурной памяти, а также характер семейных и национальных ценностей, воплощенных через формирование коллекции. Практика коллекционирования – одно из проявлений викторианской визуальной культуры – в данном случае оказывает определенное влияние и на моделирование английской истории, и на формирование художественного вкуса эпохи. The article addresses the artworks of William Essex, an English enamel-painter, who created a series of the Tudors’ historical portraits. In the context of general interest in English history, as well as a certain retrospective trend peculiar for the Victorian era, William Essex`s works exemplify the miniature portraits as the embodiment of images from the past and as something characteristic to the past. The tradition of small-size portraits intended for private contemplation is quite old, and the British, who have succeeded in the development of the portrait genre, have been rather keen on it for several centuries. The article considers William Essex’s miniatures from the point of view of the stylistic and technical aspects of the genre, which allows casting some light on the issues related to the change of perception of this minor art form. The paradox of duplication by Essex of original sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century miniatures is investigated in the article from the standpoint of the theory and practice of collecting as a way of interaction with history. The reason why the miniatures were commissioned by the Queen is both in necessity to create a gallery of family history of the English crown and in the Victorians` taste for reconstruction of the past. The choice of form for its embodiment is determined by the preference for personal, private miniature art, which gives a sentimental character to the appeal to history. In the context of the origin and spread of daguerreotypes at the time, enamel miniatures act as representatives of images of the past and the phenomenon of the fading handmade art, displaced by new technical means. In addition, Essex’s work on the Tudors’ historical portraits, with his aim for formal and stylistic resemblance, is included in a complex retrospective mechanism, like a double quote, since the sources of the reproduced miniatures were also not painted from the life and had their own originals. The analysis of artistic and imagery methods, characteristic for this series of miniatures, as well as the description of the historical circumstances in which the customer took interest in the specific images from the past, allows exposing a fine line between imitation and stylization, between tradition and idealization. In conclusion, it is stated that the specific artistic experience of the creation of these miniatures reveals a peculiar way to refer to the cultural memory, to assert some family and national values evoked in the process of the formation of the collection. Here the practice of collecting (one of the manifestations of the Victorian visual culture) is closely connected with the modeling of English history and the artistic taste of the era.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Zelik ◽  

The proposed research is an attempt to analyze gonzo-criticism in the context of the modern Ukrainian literary process. The change of aesthetic orientations in the Ukrainian literary process had significant impact on the role and status of literary criticism. The analysis of gonzo-criticism is based on the example of texts of Tetiana Trofymenko, literary critic, cultural manager, lecturer, participant of various literary and artistic events. She taught at the universities of Kharkiv and Lviv, worked at the Kharkiv Literary Museum. The reviewer cooperated at various times with the magazine “SHO”, the sites “Novynarnia”, “MediaPort”, “ZAXID.NET”, “LitAktsent” etc. The article summarizes the views on gonzo journalism and approaches to its characteristics. The analysis of Tetiana Trofymenko’s reviews is conducted on the stylistic and genre levels taking into account the problem-thematic contexts, features of the presentation of works of art and compositional peculiarities. Gonzo is a special kind of criticism with the dominant subjective view on literature. Its main criteria are impressions and emotions of the critic, this style does not have clearly regulated rules but mainly depends on the author’s personality, his perception and understanding of the artistic work, the vision of text in the context of literary process, the author’s creativity, the ability to present his position vividly and convincingly. The critic conducts a dialogue with the reader, exchanges opinions, reflections and estimations with him. The characteristic features of review are personalized point of view, personal beginning, factuality, reasoned position of the author. The narrative in review is polythematic, because it aims to highlight a variety of facts, usually united by the author’s opinion. The author of the artistic review demonstrates to the reader an analytical work aimed at cognition, understanding, interpretation and evaluation of a literary work. The stylistic features of gonzo-criticism are analyzed in details. The attention is focused on the peculiarities of the presentation of fiction texts through the ironic, subjective view of the critic. The researcher found out that this style of literary criticism manifests in emotional expressions, the use of irony, sarcasm, and the critic offers an unexpected look at the literary work, shocks and provokes the audience.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Katalin Kroó

The paper raises the theoretical question of the cultural mediational nature of literary intertexts from the point of view of generic and transformational dynamics. The intertextual complex as mediational operator is examined at two levels – (1) in the context of cultural diachrony by observing how the literary work establishes its place in the history of literature closely connected to the metapoiesis of the text; (2) at various kinds of intratextual interlevel movements regulating the evolution of a whole intertextual system within the work. Differentiating the ontological, generative and transformational conceptualization of intertextual poetics, an attempt is made to define the basic textual modes of the pretext, the intext and the intertext by describing their functionality in the building of an intersemiotic literary system. The relevant functions are grasped by shedding light upon the types of the sign of which the given signifying structures consist (here a terminological clarification and re-evaluation are added) and their textual semantics in terms of referential and relational quality (cf. the different versions of referential and relational semantics). In the first place, however, the paper aims at outlining the structure and content of the generic-transformational semiotic processes in which the dynamic aspects of intertextual semiosis are revealed. Within this framework, the processuality of the development of the intertextual signifying structure is elucidated, shown as a chain of reciprocal sign activities resulting in constantly evolving semantic shifts within the intra- and intertextual semiosis processes, all relying on mediational operations. Text examples are taken from and references made to works by A. S. Pushkin, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky and J. M. Coetzee.


Author(s):  
Volodymyr Antofiichuk

The paper deals with the story “Za hotar” (“Beyond the Boundary”) by Olha Kobylianska from the point of view of modernist sacral aesthetics, since, as it has been observed, its architectonic structure comprises the parable of the Good Samaritan. It is proven that the relationship between the parable and the story is displayed at different levels of the literary text. The plot of the story “Za hotar” has many obvious parallels with the Christ’s parable, down to the coincidences in the image of a merciless priest. The modernist sacral perspective of the literary work by Olha Kobylianska makes it possible not only to observe the presence of hidden signs of the New Testament parable, but also to interpret the possibility of a genre shift. This procedure allows denoting this literary work not as an essay, but as a short story, since the parable of the Good Samaritan has a characteristic feature of a short story (its main idea is represented in showing mercy by one of the Samaritans, who in biblical times were considered as people lacking any sympathy towards strangers). The work by Olha Kobylianska provides an extremely powerful and philosophically deep insight. The plot includes the death of a daughter. On the one hand, it is perceived as quite substantiated (the child ran outdoors undressed in winter), but in terms of the mystical perspective it becomes a symbol of Christian mercy, or even a Christian self-sacrifice. Thus, the literary work “Za hotar” by Olha Kobylianska is based on the architectonical ground of the parable about the Good Samaritan. From the realistic perspective it may be interpreted as an essay revealing the mental traditions, everyday life, ideological foundations of the Bukovynian village contemporary for the writer. Although it becomes a parable in the modernist sacral perspective, which hides the fundamental gospel basis behind a realistic plot.


Author(s):  
A.V. Merenkov

The pandemic, which lasts for two years, has significantly changed all aspects of people's social life due to restrictions on the usual forms of behavior of people in everyday life, public places, and at work. A person is put in a situation of choice: either continue to interact with relatives, friends, colleagues at work on the basis of stereotypes of behavior, but in a pandemic that poses a threat of unintentional infection with coronavirus, or strictly observe the rules of partial or complete isolation. The practice of organizing the behavior prescribed by the sanitary service of large groups of people has shown that a significant part of the population resists the requirements to wear personal protective equipment, to vaccinate with promptly created vaccines against coronavirus. Authorities are forced to impose increasingly stringent measures on violators of doctors' instructions. In the article, the clash of individual and public interests in a pandemic situation is analyzed from the point of view of a theory that reveals the essence and content of a culture of selfishness. It is a system created by people throughout the history of social development to increase the natural selfishness given to all living organisms, including humans. Some social groups, through cunning, lying, psychological and physical coercion, provide personal benefits, while others use these behaviors to preserve themselves, their families. The negative attitude of people to regulations that destroy traditional social ties, compulsory vaccination is considered as a manifestation of individual and group selfishness, formed on the basis of affirming the priority of personal freedom, their own ideas about how to protect the body from various diseases. In the actions of the part of the medical community that is trying not by the method of explanation, persuasion to develop a vaccination kit in people, but to force with the help of severe restrictions to force it, corporate selfishness is being implemented. Those who are guided by it attribute their possession of true knowledge to themselves, rejecting other options for combating the pandemic. The article states that acting on the basis of values and norms of a culture of cooperation, it is possible to achieve the desired success in suppressing coronavirus infection. The conditions for the transition of social subjects from the implementation of the rules of a culture of egoism to the adoption of values and norms of a culture of cooperation are revealed.


Author(s):  
O.P. Malkova

The article examines the features of artistic perception and representation of the geographical and cultural space of Stalingrad-Volgograd in evolutionary development in 1940–2020; interaction between architectural and artistic texts of the city, the specifics of the Volgograd Union of Artists; the issues of changes in the artistic life of the city that took place in the post-Soviet period. The architecture, history and daily life of post-war Stalingrad are now of great scientific interest. In this article, for the first time, the artistic reflection of the life of the city of this and subsequent periods becomes the subject of independent research. The active work of Stalingrad and Volgograd artists was reflected in numerous publications: newspaper and magazine articles, exhibition catalogues, and monographic publications. A number of publications are devoted to the history of the Volgograd Union of artists. At the same time, relations between artistic creativity and location were not specifically considered. Until now, the issues of transformations of artistic life and art in Volgograd have also remained without proper attention. The work has been done mainly on the basis of the collection of the Volgograd Museum of Fine Arts named after I.I. Mashkov with a review of works from artist's studios. This group of works attracts interest not only from an art criticism point of view, but also from a cultural, sociological, and historical point of view. City views in painting and graphics are considered in chronological order and in accordance with the thematic principle. The methods of comparative analysis have been applied when comparing works of the Soviet period with modern ones. Materials of the imaginative and stylistic of paintings and graphics are compared with the memories of old residents of the city and interviews with contemporary artists. Works of painting and graphics by Stalingrad and Volgograd artists of the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries are introduced into the scientific circulation. The author focuses on native Stalingrad painters and graphic artists who took an active part in the formation of the local branch of the Union of Artists: N. Chernikov, A. Chervonenko, F. Sukhanov, A. Legenchenko, G. Pechennikov and A. Pechennikov, N. Pirogov, B. Osikov, P. Grechkin, V. Strigin, etc. Their works are compared with the works of contemporary artists: N. Zotov, Yu. Sorokin, etc. В статье рассматриваются в эволюционном развитии особенности художественного восприятия и репрезентации географического и культурного пространства Сталинграда-Волгограда в 1940–2020 годы. Затрагиваются вопросы взаимодействия архитектурного и художественного текстов города, специфики Волгоградского союза художников, перемен художественной жизни города, которые произошли в постсоветский период. Архитектура, история и повседневность послевоенного Сталинграда сейчас вызывают большой научный интерес. В настоящей статье впервые становится предметом самостоятельного исследования художественное отражение жизни города этого и последующих периодов. Деятельность сталинградских и волгоградских художников нашла отражение в многочисленных публикациях: газетных и журнальных статьях, каталогах выставок, монографических изданиях. Ряд публикаций посвящен истории Волгоградского союза художников. При этом вопросы связей художественного творчества и территории специально не рассматривались. До сих пор оставались без внимания и вопросы трансформаций художественной жизни и искусства Волгограда. Работа проделана в основном на материале собрания Волгоградского музея изобразительных искусств им. И.И. Машкова с привлечением произведений из мастерских художников. Данный пласт работ представляет интерес не только с искусствоведческой, но и культурологической, социологической, исторической точек зрения. В научный оборот вводятся произведения живописи и графики сталинградских и волгоградских художников второй половины XX – начала XXI веков. Живописные и графические пейзажи, запечатлевшие город, рассмотрены в хронологической последовательности и в соответствии с тематическим принципом. Методы сравнительного анализа были применены при сопоставлении произведений советского периода и работ о городе, созданных сегодня. Материалы образно-стилистического анализа произведений живописи и графики сопоставлены с воспоминаниями старожилов города и интервью с современными художниками.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
MARJAN WARDAKI

Abstract In 1919, Afghanistan embarked on a series of reforms that led to the presence of Afghan students at various European universities, facilitating the circulation of peoples, ideas, and goods. Focusing on one of these cases, this article examines how an Afghan student engaged critically with ‘Western’ art and translated artistic ideas and technologies through the grid of Afghanistan's own history of the fine arts. Through an exploration of the work of Abdul Ghafur Brechna (1907–1974)—artist, music composer, poet, and writer—I argue that, despite his desire to train at German technical schools, Brechna translated, then connected, his Western training to restore Afghanistan's traditional visual and literary arts, making it problematic to define his oeuvre as purely ‘modern’ or ‘traditional’. The first aim is to situate Brechna within the intellectual milieu of Weimar Germany, placing emphasis on how he curated the course of his education to support his aims. By tracing out the evolution of his artistic knowledge to Afghanistan, the second part of this article connects his earlier training to the newly emerging scholars in Kabul who also grappled with national renewal and an ‘Aryan’ literary and cultural heritage. Lastly, I discuss his attempt to rewrite the history of the arts by closely analysing his visual and literary work, emphasizing in particular his attempt to reconnect to themes and genres that had previously been lost or neglected.


2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Joseph Donohue

John McCormick's delightful book The Victorian Marionette Theatre is at once a labor of love, a comprehensive history of a popular art form, an insider's description of the craft by a longtime practitioner, and a nostalgic reminiscence of a nearly forgotten aspect of the Victorian theatre. For all that, the book has an authoritative point of view and a cohesive unity establishing it as one of the most important sources of its kind, complementing George Speaight's more wide-ranging, classic treatment of the subject, The History of the English Puppet Theatre (London: G. G. Harrap, 1955; 2d ed., Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990) and McCormick's own companion study, coauthored with Bennie Pratasik, Popular Puppet Theatre in Europe, 1800–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). Those three works anchor a shelf of studies of a major cultural phenomenon.


Author(s):  
Andronika Martonova

The edition of Bratoeva-Darakchieva, Ingeborg; Genova, Irina; Levi, Claire; Spassova-Dikova, Joanna; Stoilova-Doncheva, Teodora; Tasheva, Stela; Traykova, Elka. Bulgarian 20th Century in Arts and Culture. Institute of Art Studies, 2019, ISBN: 978-954-8594-77-6, 632 рр. 333 ill. http://artstudies.bg/books/BG_XX_EN_2019_IIIzk.pdf in Bulgarian and in English in two separate books comes as a result of a collaborative interdisciplinary project supported by the National Science Fund, Bulgaria, which aims to present a general view on the history of arts in Bulgaria during the 20th century. There are specific but also general, parallel intellectual and artistic processes observed in the field of literature, theatre, music, cinema, visual arts and architecture. The accent is put on phenomena related to the modernization of Bulgarian culture and its place in the context of the flexible, dynamic cultural dimensions of modern Europe. The texts are structured in three parts: Under the Sign of Modern Europe (1878–1944), Metamorphoses of Modernity (1945–1989), Challenges in a Time of Transition (1989–2000). Splitting the period into topical parts creates convenience of sharpening the accents related to various “aspects of change” in the development of a particular art and its specific reflections from the point of view of personal and community identity analysed in synchronous or diachronous terms. The marking of such cross nodes (temporal, socio-cultural, institutional, genric, etc.) by following mosaic-chronological principle is conventional and provocative to the traditional idea concerning developmental trends in Bulgarian culture of the past century. The publication is richly illustrated and has an extensive bibliography. It is intended for a wide range of readers. It is evaluated as excellent edition by the National Science Fund, Bulgaria.


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