scholarly journals Epigenetic and antioxidant effects of dietary isothiocyanates and selenium: potential implications for cancer chemoprevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence N. Barrera ◽  
Aedin Cassidy ◽  
Ian T. Johnson ◽  
Yongping Bao ◽  
Nigel J. Belshaw
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Synergy ◽  
The Impact

There is evidence from epidemiological studies suggesting that increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables may protect against specific cancers more effectively than total fruit and vegetable intake. These beneficial effects are attributed to the glucosinolate breakdown products, isothiocyanates (ITC). Similarly, selenium (Se) consumption has also been inversely associated with cancer risk and as an integral part of many selenoproteins may influence multiple pathways in the development of cancer. This paper will briefly review the current state of knowledge concerning the effect of Se and ITC in cancer development with a particular emphasis on its antioxidant properties, and will also address whether alterations in DNA methylation may be a potential mechanism whereby these dietary constituents protect against the carcinogenic process. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages of combining ITC and Se to benefit from their complementary mechanisms of action to potentially protect against the alterations leading to neoplasia. Based on this review it may be concluded that an understanding of the impact of ITC and Se on aberrant DNA methylation in relation to factors modulating gene-specific and global methylation patterns, in addition to the effect of these food constituents as modulators of key selenoenzymes, such as gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx2) and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), may provide insights into the potential synergy among various components of a plant-based diet that may counteract the genetic and epigenetic alterations that initiate and sustain neoplasia.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Methylome and Transcriptome during the Regeneration of Rice

Epigenomes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei-Man Hsu ◽  
Moloya Gohain ◽  
Archana Allishe ◽  
Yan-Jiun Huang ◽  
Jo-Ling Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Oryza sativa indica (cv. IR64) and Oryza sativa japonica (cv. TNG67) vary in their regeneration efficiency. Such variation may occur in response to cultural environments that induce somaclonal variation. Somaclonal variations may arise from epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation. We hypothesized that somaclonal variation may be associated with the differential regeneration efficiency between IR64 and TNG67 through changes in DNA methylation. We generated the stage-associated methylome and transcriptome profiles of the embryo, induced calli, sub-cultured calli, and regenerated calli (including both successful and failed regeneration) of IR64 and TNG67. We found that stage-associated changes are evident by the increase in the cytosine methylation of all contexts upon induction and decline upon regeneration. These changes in the methylome are largely random, but a few regions are consistently targeted at the later stages of culture. The expression profiles showed a dominant tissue-specific difference between the embryo and the calli. A prominent cultivar-associated divide in the global methylation pattern was observed, and a subset of cultivar-associated differentially methylated regions also showed stage-associated changes, implying a close association between differential methylation and the regeneration programs of these two rice cultivars. Based on these findings, we speculate that the differential epigenetic regulation of stress response and developmental pathways may be coupled with genetic differences, ultimately leading to differential regeneration efficiency. The present study elucidates the impact of tissue culture on callus formation and delineates the impact of stage and cultivar to determine the dynamics of the methylome and transcriptome in culture.

scholarly journals Curcumin and Other Polyphenolic Compounds in Head and Neck Cancer Chemoprevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Baumeister ◽  
Maximilian Reiter ◽  
Ulrich Harréus
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Field Cancerization ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preventive Effects

Despite clear results of observational studies linking a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to a decreased cancer risk, large interventional trials evaluating the impact of dietary micronutrient supplementation, mostly vitamins, could not show any beneficial effects. Today it has become clear that a single micronutrient, given in supernutritional doses, cannot match cancer preventive effects of whole fruits and vegetables. In this regard polyphenols came into focus, not only because of their antioxidant potential but also because of their ability to interact with molecular targets within the cells. Because polyphenols occur in many foods and beverages in high concentration and evidence for their anticancer activity is best for tissues they can come into direct contact with, field cancerization predestines upper aerodigestive tract epithelium for cancer chemoprevention by polyphenols. In this paper, we summarize cancer chemopreventive attempts with emphasis on head and neck carcinogenesis and discuss some methodological issues. We present data regarding antimutagenic effects of curcumin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human oropharyngeal mucosa cultures exposed to cigarette smoke condensate.

scholarly journals Sensory acceptance and characterization of yoghurt supplemented with yacon syrup and cashew apple extract as a source of bioactive compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Hérica de Lima Mendes ◽  
Ana Paula Dionísio ◽  
Carlos Farley Herbster Mouta ◽  
Fernando Antonio Pinto de Abreu ◽  
Claudia Oliveira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Yacon syrup (YS) and cashew apple extract (CAE) are products with high concentrations of bioactive compounds such as fructooligosaccharides and carotenoids, which exhibit prebiotic and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of YS and CAE on the chemical, physical, physicochemical and sensory properties when these products were incorporated into natural yoghurt. Initially, the YS and CAE were characterized by chemical, physical and physicochemical analyses. The bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity were also determined. After characterization, natural yoghurt was supplemented with YS and CAE in different concentrations as follows: formulation A (non-supplemented yoghurt, as the control), formulation B (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS), formulation C (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS and 10% of CAE) and formulation D (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS and 20% of CAE). The formulations were evaluated for their sensory acceptance (overall acceptance, texture and appearance) and purchase intent, and were then characterized by chemical, physicochemical and physical analyses. The results indicated that the YS and CAE presented high concentrations of bioactive compounds, such as fructooligosaccharides and carotenoids, respectively. In addition, when the yoghurt was supplemented with these products, this induced changes in the chemical, physicochemical and physical properties of the yoghurt. In the sensory analysis, all the formulations presented good acceptance. The results indicated that yoghurt could be considered as an interesting vehicle for YS and CAE, products with high levels of bioactive compounds that may exert beneficial effects on human health.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Natural Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Colica ◽  
Maja Milanović ◽  
Nataša Milić ◽  
Vincenzo Aiello ◽  
Antonino De Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Wide Range

Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, flavonoids and stilbenes, which constitute one of the most abundant and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites, are an integral part of the human diet. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenol produced by some plants as a self-defence agent, has an antifungal activity. Resveratrol has been found in some plants (such as grapevine, pine and peanuts) and is considered to have beneficial effects also on human health. The number of studies on resveratrol greatly increased in PubMed database since 1997, after the anticancer effect of this molecule was first reported. The interest in resveratrol in grape was originally sparked by epidemiological studies indicating an inverse relationship between long-standing moderate consumption of red wine and the risk of coronary heart disease; this effect has been ascribed to resveratrol, which possesses diverse biochemical and physiological properties, including antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory proprieties, and provides a wide range of health benefits ranging from chemoprevention to cardioprotection. Recently, resveratrol has been described as an anti-aging compound. The consumption of resveratrol (red wine) together with a Mediterranean diet or a fast-food meal (“McDonald'sMeal”) had a positive impact on oxidized (ox-) LDL and on the expression of oxidative and inflammatory genes. Therefore, this review summarized the most important scientific data about healing and preventive potential of resveratrol, acting as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, chemopreventive and antioxidant agent.

scholarly journals Culture Medium and Sex Drive Epigenetic Reprogramming in Preimplantation Bovine Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6426
Author(s):  
Sebastian Canovas ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Meriem Hamdi ◽  
Fernando Perez-Sanz ◽  
Dimitrios Rizos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
The Impact

Assisted reproductive technologies impact transcriptome and epigenome of embryos and can result in long-term phenotypic consequences. Whole-genome DNA methylation profiles from individual bovine blastocysts in vivo- and in vitro-derived (using three sources of protein: reproductive fluids, blood serum and bovine serum albumin) were generated. The impact of in vitro culture on DNA methylation was analyzed, and sex-specific methylation differences at blastocyst stage were uncovered. In vivo embryos showed the highest levels of methylation (29.5%), close to those produced in vitro with serum, whilst embryos produced in vitro with reproductive fluids or albumin showed less global methylation (25–25.4%). During repetitive element analysis, the serum group was the most affected. DNA methylation differences between in vivo and in vitro groups were more frequent in the first intron than in CpGi in promoters. Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis showed that sex produced a stronger bias in the results than embryo origin. For each group, distance between male and female embryos varied, with in vivo blastocyst showing a lesser distance. Between the sexually dimorphic methylated tiles, which were biased to X-chromosome, critical factors for reproduction, developmental process, cell proliferation and DNA methylation machinery were included. These results support the idea that blastocysts show sexually-dimorphic DNA methylation patterns, and the known picture about the blastocyst methylome should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6110
Author(s):  
Shiyao Zhang ◽  
Mengyi Xu ◽  
Wenxiang Zhang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Siyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Evidence in Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Avallone ◽  
Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Marco Bertolotti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Membrane Fluidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

A nutritional approach could be a promising strategy to prevent or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, since there is no effective therapy for these diseases so far. The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are now well established by a plethora of studies through their involvement in multiple biochemical functions, including synthesis of antinflammatory mediators, cell membrane fluidity, intracellular signalling and gene expression. This systematic review will consider epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the impact of supplementation or dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Indeed, treatment with omega-3 fatty acids, being safe and well tolerated, represent a valuable and biologically plausible tool in the management of neurodegenerative diseases in their early stages.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Evidence in Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Avallone ◽  
Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Marco Bertolotti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Membrane Fluidity ◽  
The Impact

A nutritional approach could be a promising strategy to prevent or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, since there is no effective therapy for these diseases so far. The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are now well established by a plethora of studies through their involvement in multiple biochemical functions, including synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators, cell membrane fluidity, intracellular signaling, and gene expression. This systematic review will consider epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the impact of supplementation or dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Indeed, treatment with omega-3 fatty acids, being safe and well tolerated, represents a valuable and biologically plausible tool in the management of neurodegenerative diseases in their early stages.

scholarly journals Polyphenols and Ischemic Stroke: Insight into One of the Best Strategies for Prevention and Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Francesca Pacifici ◽  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
Donatella Pastore ◽  
Alfonso Bellia ◽  
Pasquale Abete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Brain Protection ◽  
Functional Therapy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Ischemic stroke (IS) is still among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The pathogenic mechanisms beyond its development are several and are complex and this is the main reason why a functional therapy is still missed. The beneficial effects of natural compounds against cardiovascular diseases and IS have been investigated for a long time. In this article, we reviewed the association between the most studied polyphenols and stroke protection in terms of prevention, effect on acute phase, and rehabilitation. We described experimental and epidemiological studies reporting the role of flavonols, phenolic acid, and stilbens on ischemic mechanisms leading to stroke. We analyzed the principal animal models used to evaluate the impact of these micronutrients to cerebral blood flow and to molecular pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation modulation, such as sirtuins. We reported the most significant clinical trials demonstrated as the persistent use of polyphenols is clinically relevant in terms of the reduction of vascular risk factors for IS, such as Atrial Fibrillation. Interestingly, different kinds of polyphenols provide brain protection by activating different pathways and mechanisms, like inducing antithrombotic effect, such as Honokiol. For this reason, we discussed an appropriate integrative use of them as a possible therapeutic alternative against stroke.

scholarly journals The renaissance of vitamin D.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Wierzbicka ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Michał A Żmijewski
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intracellular Targets

There is no doubt that vitamin D plays a crucial role in the maintenance of musculoskeletal system. But the function of this ancient molecule presumably ranges far beyond hormone-like regulation, as it could be generated by simple unicellular organisms. First, we are going to discuss the role of vitamin D as a global regulator of homeostasis from a historical perspective, but later we will focus on current views and its relevance to human physiology and pathology. Three milestones are defining the impact of vitamin D on science and humanity. Firstly, discovery that vitamin D is the cure for rickets, brought us supplementation programs and rapid irradiation of this devastating disease. Secondly, detail description of photoproduction of vitamin D, its subsequent metabolism and interaction with vitamin D receptor VDR, provided mechanistic background for future discoveries. Finally, recent large epidemiological studies provided indirect, but strong evidence that optimal level of vitamin D in serum has beneficial effects on our health and protects us from multiple diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, existence of alternative pathways of vitamin D metabolism and multiple intracellular targets broadens our understanding of its physiological activities and offers new and very promising tools for prophylactics and treatment of many diseases of civilization. Although vitamin D (and its derivatives) should not be regarded as a cure-all for every human disease, its beneficial effects on the human health have to be taken under consideration.

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