scholarly journals Relationship between body composition and eating disorder risk in adolescents. UP& DOWN follow-up substudy

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Rodriguez-Laprast ◽  
S. Gomez-Martinez ◽  
A. Hernandez ◽  
V. Cabanas-Sanchez ◽  
O.L. Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Binary Model

AbstractAdolescence is a decisive and characteristic period for overall development throughout the life-span in which Eating Disorders (ED) are among the most common mental health problems in young population. Different factors might be related to the risk of ED such as sex and body composition, but literature about hydration status is still very scarce. This study was aimed to assess possible relationships between ED risk and body composition, including hydration status. A 2-year follow-up substudy from the UP&DOWN Study was performed in a sample of 77 adolescents at baseline (n = 74 after the follow-up; 13.87 ± 1.54 years old at baseline). Subjects were grouped by sex. ED risk was measured by the SCOFF questionnaire, a validated screening tool for ED. Risk of ED criterion is considered when SCOFF score is equal or higher than 2.0. Body composition, particularly Fat Mass (FM%) and hydration [Total Body Water (TBW in liters) regarding the weight of individuals and its range (low, within, high)] were determined by bioimpedance. Data analysis was conducted using version 25.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, software. A logistic regression was made to select the variables [sex, TBW (L), FM%] that could be more related to ED risk, considered as a dependent variable. Crosstabs and chi-square test were used to establish the relationships between the categorical variables. Almost 30% girls and 10% boys were at risk of ED at baseline (P = 0.036). Furthermore, almost 39% girls and none of the boys were at ED risk after the follow-up (P = 0.000). All the subjects at ED risk showed a low TBW range at both points (baseline, P = 0.04; after the follow-up, P = 0.039). A probit binary model of repeated measures (151 healthy adolescent values were obtained considering every subject in both points of the study) was made to study the influence of sex, TBW (L), FM% on the ED risk. Positive associations between Sex-TBW interaction and ED risk (P = 0.000) as well as between FM% and ED risk (P = 0.020) were observed. These findings show that body composition, not only fat mass but also hydration status is related to ED risk, although it is well known that boys and girls show different hydration and fat patterns. The fact of being a female adolescent with low TBW and FM% values may predispose to a high ED risk. Therefore, sex-hydration interaction together with body composition should be further investigated for ED in adolescence.

scholarly journals Analysis of the role of Chest X-Ray in a large cohort of 1117 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an Italian multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vespro ◽  
Maria Carmela Andrisani ◽  
Stefano Fusco ◽  
Letizia Di Meglio ◽  
Guido Plensich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Reticular Pattern

Abstract Objective. To describe the radiographic key patterns on CXR in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, assessing the prevalence of radiographic signs of interstitial pneumonia. To evaluate pattern variation between a baseline and a follow-up CXR.Materials and methods. 1117 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively enrolled from four centers in Lombardy region. All patients underwent a CXR at presentation. Follow-up CXR was performed when clinically indicated.Two radiologists in each center reviewed CXR images and classified them as suggestive or not for interstitial pneumonia, recording the presence of ground-glass opacity (GGO), reticular pattern or consolidation and their distribution.Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables and McNemar test (chi-square for paired data) were performed.Results. Patients mean age 63.3 years, 767 were males (65.5%). The main result is the large proportion of positive CXR in COVID-19 patients.Baseline CXR was positive in 940 patients (80.3%), with significant differences in age and sex distribution between patients with positive and negative CXR. 382 patients underwent a follow-up CXR. The most frequent pattern on baseline CXR was the GGO (66.1%), on follow-up was consolidation (53.4%). The most common distributions were peripheral and middle-lower lung zone.Conclusions. We described key-patterns and their distribution on CXR in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients: GGO was the most frequent finding on baseline CXR, while we found an increase in the proportion of lung consolidation on follow-up CXR. CXR proved to be a reliable tool in our cohort obtaining positive results in 80.3% of the baseline cases.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Hydration Status, and Body Composition of Three Belgian Military Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1175-e1182
Author(s):  
William De Bry ◽  
Patrick Mullie ◽  
Eva D’Hondt ◽  
Peter Clarys
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Negative Consequences

Abstract Introduction Malnutrition, suboptimal hydration, and inadequate body composition can have negative consequences on soldiers’ performance and health. A recent consensus statement concerning “soldiers’ physical performance” points to the scarcity of data in specific military populations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess and compare dietary intake, hydration status, and body composition of three military groups during their specific military training. Materials and Methods Eighty-five soldiers (ie, 21 in a qualification course to join the Special Forces [SF], 22 Infantrymen [Chasseurs Ardennais, CA], and 42 Recruits [REs]) participated in this 3- to 4-day study. Body mass was assessed before and after each study period. All soldiers self-reported their dietary intakes, from which energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated. In addition, their morning urine samples were collected daily to assess urine specific gravity (USG) as a measure of hydration status. Fat mass was estimated at the end of the study using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results All groups lost significant amounts of body mass (ie, mean losses ranging between 1.3 and 1.7 kg). Macronutrient intakes were not fully met in respect to the recommendations. Most notably, REs’ fat intake was high (ie, 42.3 [±1.6] energy percent [E%]), while their carbohydrate intake was low (ie, 44.5 [±2.1] E%). Furthermore, saturated fat intakes were high among all groups (ie, group means ranging between 13.6 and 21.4 E%). USG values indicated suboptimal hydration status was prevalent in all groups. Most noteworthy, for SF, only 5.4% of the USG values indicated optimal hydration. The average fat mass (%) for SF, CA, and RE was 11.2 (±3.1), 18.8 (±5.1), and 19.4 (±5.0), respectively. Conclusion The present study showed that military men are not always adequately fed nor hydrated. These issues should be resolved by creating nutritional packages, and individual dietary and hydration strategies, all in function of military planning and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Flossing Is Associated with Improved Oral Health in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Marchesan ◽  
K.M. Byrd ◽  
K. Moss ◽  
J.S. Preisser ◽  
T. Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hygiene Behavior

The effect of preventive oral habits is largely unexplored in older individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between home use of flossing and prevalence of periodontal disease and caries in older adults. Five-year incident tooth loss was also evaluated. Data on 686 individuals ≥65 y-old from the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study were examined including: 1) interproximal clinical attachment level (iCAL), 2) interproximal probing depth (iPD), 3) numbers of caries, and 4) missing teeth. Flossing behavior was evaluated according to the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) system. Five-year follow-up data ( n = 375) was evaluated for incident tooth loss. Dichotomous and categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson chi-square tests as well as covariate-adjusted Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests. Multiple linear regression compared clinical parameters based on flossing behavior. Elderly flossers had lower (mean, SE) %iCAL≥3 mm (38.2, 2.38 vs. 48.8, 1.56) and %iPD≥4 mm (8.70, 1.41 vs. 14.4, 0.93) compared to nonflossers ( P ≤ 0.005). Flossers showed less coronal caries compared to nonflossers ( P = 0.02). Baseline number of missing teeth (mean, SE) was 11.5 (0.35) in nonflossers compared to 8.6 (0.53) in flossers ( P < 0.0001). Regular dental visitors had lower oral disease levels compared to episodic dental users. The majority of flossers classified into PPC-Stage I (health) whereas nonflossers classified as PPC-Stages V, VI, and VII (disease). At the 5-y follow-up visit, the average tooth loss for flossers was ~1 tooth compared to ~4 teeth lost for nonflossers ( P < 0.0001). Among all teeth, molars showed the highest benefit (>40%) for flossing behavior ( P = 0.0005). In conclusion, the extent of oral disease for older individuals was significantly less in flossers than in nonflossers. Flossers showed less periodontal disease, fewer dental caries, and loss of fewer teeth over a 5-y period. These findings further support flossing as an important oral hygiene behavior to prevent oral disease progression in older adults.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in body composition and waist circumference by self-reported levels of physical activity in leisure among adolescents: the Tromsø study, Fit Futures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Abel Aars ◽  
Bjarne K. Jacobsen ◽  
Bente Morseth ◽  
Nina Emaus ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Mass Index

Abstract Background It is not clear how physical activity affects body composition in adolescents. Physical activity levels are often reduced during this period, and the relative proportion of body fat mass and lean mass undergo natural changes in growing adolescents. We aimed to examine whether self-reported physical activity in leisure time at baseline or change in activity during follow-up affect changes in four measures of body composition; body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference, fat mass index (fat mass in kg/m2) and lean mass index (lean mass in kg/m2). Methods We used data from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures, which invited all first year students in upper secondary high school in two municipalities in northern Norway in 2010–2011. They were reexamined in 2012–2013. Longitudinal data was available for 292 boys and 354 girls. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess whether self-reported level of physical activity in leisure time at baseline predicted changes in body composition, and analysis of covariance to assess the effects of change in level of activity during follow-up on change in body composition. All analyses were performed sex-specific, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no associations between self-reported leisure time physical activity in the first year of upper secondary high school and changes in any of the considered measure of body composition after 2 years of follow up, with the exception of waist circumference in boys (p = 0.05). In boys, change in fat mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p < 0.01), with boys adopting activity or remaining physically active having less increase in fat mass index than the consistently inactive. In girls, change in lean mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p = 0.04), with girls adopting physical activity having the highest increase. Conclusions Self-reported leisure time physical activity does not predict changes in body composition in adolescents after 2 years of follow up. Change in the level of physical activity is associated with change in fat mass index in boys and lean mass index in girls.

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

scholarly journals PPARα Gene Is Involved in Body Composition Variation in Response to an Aerobic Training Program in Overweight/Obese

PPAR Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Glêbia A. Cardoso ◽  
Mateus D. Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno R. V. Sousa ◽  
Yohanna de Oliveira ◽  
Klécia F. Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the polymorphism in Intron 7 G/C (rs 4253778) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gene with the magnitude of changes in the body composition of an overweight and obese population that underwent an aerobic training program. Fifty-eight previously inactive men and women, body mass index (BMI) 31.5 ± 2.8   kg / m 2 , 46.5% ( n = 27 ) genotyped as CC genotype and 53.5% ( n = 31 ) as CA+AA, underwent a 12-week aerobic training (walking/running). Aerobic capacity (ergospirometry), body composition (DXA), and nutritional assessment were made before and 48 h after the experimental protocol. Two-way ANOVA, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used ( p < 0.05 ). Twenty-seven volunteers (46.5%) were identified as CC genotype and 31 (53.5%) as CA+AA genotype. Time-group interaction showed that there was no difference in these between two allele groups. However, differences in distribution of respondents or nonresponders according to allele A were identified for fat mass ( p ≤ 0.003 ), percentage fat mass ( p ≤ 0.002 ), the waist ( p ≤ 0.009 ), abdomen ( p ≤ 0.000 ), and hip ( p ≤ 0.001 ), this difference being independent for the fat mass. Meanwhile, sex, age, and nutritional management have also been found to be influential factors. It is concluded that the PPARα gene is involved in varying body composition in response to an aerobic training program.

scholarly journals Eating-Disordered Behavior in Adolescents: Associations with Body Image, Body Composition and Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Eliška Štefanová ◽  
Peter Bakalár ◽  
Tibor Baška
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Eating Disordered

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a disparate group of mental health problems that significantly impair physical health or psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to present some evidence about the prevalence of eating-disordered behavior (EDB) in adolescents, and explore its associations with body image (BI), body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in this age group. Data from 780 adolescents participating in a health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC) study conducted in Slovakia in 2018 were used (mean age 13.5 ± 1.3; 56% boys). Differences in mean values of numerical indicators were evaluated using the independent samples t-test. Differences between nominal variables were assessed by the chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to describe the associations between all the selected variables. EDB was positively screened in 26.7% (208/780) of adolescents, with a higher prevalence in girls (128/344, 37.2%) than in boys (80/436, 18.3%). Significantly higher means of BI, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass index (BFMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and SCOFF questionnaire score (SCOFF QS) were found in those positively screened for EDB. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between EDB and BI, BW, BMI, BFM, BFP and BFMI. The prevalence of EDB is high in Slovak adolescents. Positive associations between EDB, BI, BMI and fat-related body composition parameters support the idea of a more integrated approach in EDs and obesity prevention and treatment. At the same time, gender differences suggest the need for considering gender-specific strategies aimed at girls and boys separately.

Treatment of acromegaly has substantial effects on body composition. A long-term follow-up study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wolf ◽  
Sylvie Salenave ◽  
Emmanuel Durand ◽  
Jacques Young ◽  
Peter Kamenicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

  Background: Acromegaly is associated with changes in body composition. Long-term changes following acromegaly treatment and the impact of different treatments have been less investigated. Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 201 patients with acromegaly. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To investigate specific effects of treatment vs ageing, changes in body composition were compared in a group of patients evaluated both at the time of active and controlled disease (A>C; n=31) and in another group of patients evaluated two times while the disease was controlled (C>C; n=32). Results: In the whole cohort, IGF-I correlated with fat (r=-0.369;p<0.001) and lean mass (r=0.383;p<0.001). Patients from A>C and C>C groups were comparable for age, sex, BMI and follow-up duration (p=n.s.). Reduction in IGF-I levels was associated with an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass in the A>C group, which was four and eight times more pronounced compared to the C>C group (fat mass: +39±34 vs +10±15%, p<0.001; lean mass: -8±8 vs -0.2±6%, p<0.001, respectively). Changes in fat mass were negatively associated with IGF-I (r=-0.450; p=0.011) and independent of the individual therapy. The daily dose of pegvisomant correlated with fat mass (r=0.421;p=0.002) and insulin sensitivity index (r=-0.466;p<0.001). Conclusions: Treatment of acromegaly strongly impacts body composition until biochemical disease remission, characterized by an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass. These changes are closely associated with the normalization of IGF-I. Thereafter, body composition changes are similar to what is observed with ageing.

Multi Matrix System Mesalazine Plus Rectal Mesalazine in the Treatment of Mild to Moderately Active Ulcerative Proctitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Antonio Cuomo ◽  
Dolores Sgambato ◽  
Mauro Valeriano D’Auria ◽  
Agnese Miranda ◽  
Emanuele Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remission Rate ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Matrix System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ulcerative Proctitis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Proximal Extension

Background: Mesalazine 1 g suppository/die is used for mild to moderately active ulcerative proctitis (UP). Whether addiction of Multi Matrix System (MMX) mesalazine increases the remission rate of UP and prevents proximal extension of disease is unknown. Methods: This is a retrospective study on 116 outpatients with UP who had been treated with one of the following regimens: (1) MMX mesalazine 1.2 g/die plus mesalazine suppositories for 8 ± 2 weeks and, subsequently, MMX mesalazine 1.2 g/die plus rectal mesalazine 1 g every other day for at least 6 months; (2) mesalazine 1 g suppositories/die alone for 8 ± 2 weeks and, subsequently, rectal mesalazine 1 g every other day for 6 more months. Patients were evaluated clinically at 2 months (±2 weeks) and endoscopically at 6 months (±2 weeks). For categorical variables, Pearson chi-square test was used. Results: A total of 46 of 55 patients (84%) on combined therapy and 49 of 61 patients (80%) on rectal mesalazine reached clinical remission (p > 0.05; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.30–2.07). At 6 months follow-up, proximal extension of disease was observed in 7 of 55 (14%) patients on combined therapy and in 18 of 61 (29%) patients on rectal mesalazine alone (p < 0.05; OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.09–7.53). Conclusions: Oral MMX mesalazine plus rectal mesalazine combined treatment is associated with prevention of proximal extension of the disease compared with rectal mesalazine alone.

scholarly journals Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado ◽  
Pedro J. Benito ◽  
Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽  
Francisco B. Ortega ◽  
Blanca Romero-Moraleda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect

Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years’ follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirty-nine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group × time) (p = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 ± 0.65%, 5.30 ± 0.65%, 7.04 ± 0.72%, and 4.86 ± 0.65% at post-intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at pre-intervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups.

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