scholarly journals The association between maternal body weight and vitamin D status in early pregnancy: findings from the MO-VITD study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghad Alhomaid ◽  
Maria Mulhern ◽  
Laura Cassidy ◽  
Eamon Laird ◽  
Martin Healy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Health And Social Care

AbstractMaternal BMI has been shown to be inversely correlated with vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations) during pregnancy. Pregnant women with obesity and with vitamin D deficiency are at risk of many adverse health outcomes in pregnancy.The aim of this study was to examine differences in maternal vitamin D status across normal weight, overweight and obese pregnant women in early pregnancy.Data collected at baseline from a double-blind randomised vitamin D intervention study (MO-VITD) were used. Pregnant women without pregnancy complications, aged > 18 years and having a singleton pregnancy were recruited between January 2016 and August 2017 at antenatal clinics in the Western Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland. Non-fasting blood samples were collected at 12 weeks gestation and analysed for total serum 25(OH)D, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data from 239 pregnant women (80 normal weight, 79 overweight, 80 obese) were included in the current analysis.The mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration of all pregnant women at 12 weeks gestation was 52.0 ± 21.6 nmol/L. Women classed as obese or overweight had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations compared to women of normal weight (48.8 ± 20.3 vs 49.8 ± 20.4 vs. 57.5 ± 23.1 nmol/L, P = 0.019; obese, overweight, normal weight respectively). A total of 45% of all pregnant women were found to be either vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 25nmol/L; 13%) or insufficient (25–50 nmol/L; 32%) in early pregnancy. BMI was significantly negatively correlated with 25(OH)D concentrations (r = -0.168; P = 0.009). Regression analyses showed that BMI (β = -0.165; P = 0.006), season (β = 0.220; P = < 0.0001), supplement use (β = -0.268; P < 0.0001) and a sun holiday within the previous 6 months (β = -0.180; P = 0.010) were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations. In early pregnancy, 62% of pregnant women reported using a supplement containing vitamin D and 38% reported no supplement use. Supplement users had a significantly higher vitamin D status than non-supplement users in all BMI categories but overall, 37% of supplement users were still classified as vitamin D insufficient. Vitamin D status was significantly lower in winter months compared to summer months. In early pregnancy, especially during winter months, pregnant women with obesity, particularly non-supplement users, are at higher risk of low vitamin D status. Based on the lower vitamin D status observed in early pregnancy in obese women, the effect of BMI on vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy needs to be examined.

Lower vitamin D status in obese compared with normal-weight women despite higher vitamin D intake in early pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Karlsson ◽  
Louise Andersson ◽  
Aysha Hussain ◽  
Marja Bosaeus ◽  
Nina Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Lower Vitamin

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in pregnant women: a longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Holmes ◽  
Maria S. Barnes ◽  
H. Denis Alexander ◽  
Peter McFaul ◽  
Julie M. W. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use

Maternal vitamin D insufficiency is associated with childhood rickets and longer-term problems including schizophrenia and type 1 diabetes. Whilst maternal vitamin D insufficiency is common in mothers with highly pigmented skin, little is known about vitamin D status of Caucasian pregnant women. The aim was to investigate vitamin D status in healthy Caucasian pregnant women and a group of age-matched non-pregnant controls living at 54–55°N. In a longitudinal study, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed in ninety-nine pregnant women at 12, 20 and 35 weeks of gestation, and in thirty-eight non-pregnant women sampled concurrently. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (P < 0·0001). Of the pregnant women, 35, 44 and 16 % were classified as vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l), and 96, 96 and 75 % were classified as vitamin D insufficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) at 12, 20 and 35 weeks gestation, respectively. Vitamin D status was higher in pregnant women who reported taking multivitamin supplements at 12 (P < 0·0001), 20 (P = 0·001) and 35 (P = 0·001) weeks gestation than in non-supplement users. Vitamin D insufficiency is evident in pregnant women living at 54–55°N. Women reporting use of vitamin D-containing supplements had higher vitamin D status, however, vitamin D insufficiency was still evident even in the face of supplement use. Given the potential consequences of hypovitaminosis D on health outcomes, vitamin D supplementation, perhaps at higher doses than currently available, is needed to improve maternal vitamin D nutriture.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status in pregnant women: findings from the MO-VITD study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghad Alhomaid ◽  
Maria Mulhern ◽  
Laura Cassidy ◽  
Eamon Laird ◽  
Martin Healy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Treatment Groups

AbstractPregnant women who are overweight/obese are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D insufficiency owing to higher physiological requirements and lower status (25(OH)D concentrations) associated with obesity. Achieving adequate maternal vitamin D status with current recommendations (10μg/d) remains controversial.This study examined supplementation effects (10μg-vs-20μg vitamin D3/d) throughout pregnancy (12 weeks gestation until delivery) on vitamin D status of normal weight, overweight and obese pregnant women and on cord blood, using a double-blind randomised vitamin D intervention study (MO-VITD). 240 pregnant women were recruited throughout the year at antenatal clinics in Northern Ireland (equal numbers of normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (> 30kg/m2)). Non-fasting maternal blood samples were collected at 12, 28 and 34–36 weeks gestation and from the umbilical cord after delivery and analysed for total serum 25(OH)D using LCMS.A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25–50nmol/L) was found in the 1st trimester in both treatment groups (41.5% and 48.8%; 10μg vs. 20μg respectively). Maternal 25(OH)D concentrations increased from the 1st to 3rd trimester in both the 10μg/d and 20μg/d groups, with a higher increase in the 20μg group (17.1 ± 24.7 and 28.8 ± 33.3nmol/L, P = 0.002). There was no difference in cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations between treatment groups.Women who started pregnancy with insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations remained insufficient throughout pregnancy in the 10μg/d group (49.9 ± 28.2nmol/L at trimester 3). In the 20μg/d group, women starting pregnancy as insufficient achieved levels of sufficiency in the 2nd (58.9 ± 30.6nmol/L) and 3rd (64.0 ± 35.9nmol/L) trimesters. Women who started pregnancy with sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D > 50nmol/L), maintained levels of sufficiency throughout pregnancy irrespective of treatment group (83.1 ± 24.4 and 96.7 ± 30.7 at trimester 3 in 10μg/d and 20 μg/d groups respectively); findings were similar across all BMI categories.Obese women who started pregnancy with an insufficient status were found to have deficient cord blood (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L) in both the 10μg/d and 20μg/d groups (19.4 ± 20.2 vs. 19.5 ± 9.4nmol/L respectively), whilst obese women who started pregnancy with sufficient status (> 50nmol/L) had cord blood concentrations considered insufficient (40.2 ± 18.4 vs. 44.2 ± 15.6nmol/L; 10μg vs. 20μg groups respectively).Based on our findings of the high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in early pregnancy, maternal vitamin D supplementation of 20μg/d is advisable to maintain maternal vitamin D status in pregnant women in Northern Ireland.

scholarly journals Determinants of vitamin D status in pregnant fair-skinned women in Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Brembeck ◽  
Anna Winkvist ◽  
Hanna Olausson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Third ◽  
Northern Latitudes

Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may have negative consequences for both mother and child. There are few studies of vitamin D status and its determinants in pregnant women living at northern latitudes. Thus, the present study investigates vitamin D status and its determinants during the third trimester of women living in Sweden (latitudes 57–58°N). A total of ninety-five fair-skinned pregnant women had blood taken between gestational weeks 35 and 37. The study included a 4 d food diary and questionnaires on dietary intake, supplement use, sun exposure, skin type, travels to southern latitudes and measure of BMI. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analysed using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. In the third trimester of pregnancy, mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 47·4 (sd18·1) nmol/l (range 10–93 nmol/l). In total, 65 % of women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 17 % < 30 nmol/l. During the winter, 85 % of the pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 28 % < 30 nmol/l. The main determinants of vitamin D status were as follows: season; use of vitamin D supplements; travels to southern latitudes. Together, these explained 51 % of the variation in 25(OH)D. In conclusion, during the winter, the majority of fair-skinned pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l in their third trimester and more than every fourth woman < 30 nmol/l. Higher vitamin D intake may therefore be needed during the winter for fair-skinned pregnant women at northern latitudes to avoid vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status Increases During Pregnancy and in Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Rural Gambian Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Kerry S Jones ◽  
Sarah R Meadows ◽  
Inez Schoenmakers ◽  
Ann Prentice ◽  
Sophie E Moore
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cholecalciferol Supplementation ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Vitamin D is important to maternal, fetal, and infant health, but quality data on vitamin D status in low- and middle-income countries and response to cholecalciferol supplementation in pregnancy are sparse. OBJECTIVE We characterized vitamin D status and vitamin D metabolite change across pregnancy and in response to cholecalciferol supplementation in rural Gambia. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of samples collected in a 4-arm trial of maternal nutritional supplementation [iron folic acid (FeFol); multiple micronutrients (MMN); protein energy (PE) as lipid-based supplement; PE + MMN]; MMN included 10 μg/d cholecalciferol. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3], 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D3], and C3-epimer-25-hydroxycholecalciferol [3-epi-25(OH)D3] were measured by LC-MS/MS in 863 women [aged 30 ± 7 y (mean ± SD)] in early pregnancy (presupplementation) and late pregnancy, (gestational age 14 ± 3 and 30 ± 1 wk). Changes in 25(OH)D3 and vitamin D metabolite concentrations and associations with pregnancy stage and maternal age and anthropometry were tested. RESULTS Early pregnancy 25(OH)D3 concentration was 70 ± 15 nmol/L and increased according to pregnancy stage (82 ± 18 and 87 ± 17 nmol/L in the FeFol and PE-arms) and to cholecalciferol supplementation (95 ± 19 and 90 ± 20 nmol/L in the MMN and PE + MMN-arms) (P &lt; 0.0001). There was no difference between supplemented groups. Early pregnancy 25(OH)D3 was positively associated with maternal age and gestational age. Change in 25(OH)D3 was negatively associated with late pregnancy, but not early pregnancy, triceps skinfold thickness. The pattern of change of 24,25(OH)2D3 mirrored that of 25(OH)D3 and appeared to flatten as pregnancy progressed, whereas 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentration increased across pregnancy. CONCLUSION This study provides important data on the vitamin D status of a large cohort of healthy pregnant women in rural Africa. Without supplementation, vitamin D status increased during pregnancy, demonstrating that pregnancy stage should be considered when assessing vitamin D status. Nutritionally relevant cholecalciferol supplementation further increased vitamin D status. These data are relevant to the development of fortification and supplementation policies in pregnant women in West Africa.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Seasonal Variation among Danish Children and Adults: A Descriptive Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Hansen ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
Brian Køster ◽  
Christine Brot ◽  
Rikke Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement ◽  
Very High

The aim of the present study was to describe vitamin D status and seasonal variation in the general Danish population. In this study, 3092 persons aged 2 to 69 years (2565 adults, 527 children) had blood drawn twice (spring and autumn) between 2012 and 2014. A sub-sample of participants had blood samples taken monthly over a year. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and information on supplement use was assessed from questionnaires. Seasonal variations in 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated graphically and descriptively, and status according to age, sex, and supplement use was described. It was found that 86% of both adults and children were vitamin D-sufficient in either spring and or/autumn; however, many had a spring concentration below 50 nmol/L. A wide range of 25(OH)D concentrations were found in spring and autumn, with very low and very high values in both seasons. Among adults, women in general had higher median 25(OH)D concentrations than men. Furthermore, vitamin D supplement use was substantial and affected the median concentrations markedly, more so during spring than autumn. Seasonal variation was thus found to be substantial, and bi-seasonal measurements are vital in order to capture the sizable fluctuations in vitamin D status in this Nordic population.

scholarly journals Interactions between Vitamin D Status, Calcium Intake and Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations in Healthy White-Skinned Pregnant Women at Northern Latitude

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hemmingway ◽  
Karen O’Callaghan ◽  
Áine Hennessy ◽  
George Hull ◽  
Kevin Cashman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Adverse effects of low vitamin D status and calcium intakes in pregnancy may be mediated through functional effects on the calcium metabolic system. Little explored in pregnancy, we aimed to examine the relative importance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and calcium intake on parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in healthy white-skinned pregnant women. This cross-sectional analysis included 142 participants (14 ± 2 weeks’ gestation) at baseline of a vitamin D intervention trial at 51.9 °N. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, and albumin-corrected calcium were quantified biochemically. Total vitamin D and calcium intakes (diet and supplements) were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The mean ± SD vitamin D intake was 10.7 ± 5.2 μg/day. With a mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D of 54.9 ± 22.6 nmol/L, 44% of women were <50 nmol/L and 13% <30 nmol/L. Calcium intakes (mean ± SD) were 1182 ± 488 mg/day and 23% of participants consumed <800 mg/day. The mean ± SD serum albumin-adjusted calcium was 2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L and geometric mean (95% CI) PTH was 9.2 (8.4, 10.2) pg/mL. PTH was inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = −0.311, p < 0.001), but not with calcium intake or serum calcium (r = −0.087 and 0.057, respectively, both p > 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that while serum 25(OH)D (dichotomised at 50 nmol/L) had a significant effect on PTH (p = 0.025), calcium intake (<800, 800–1000, ≥1000 mg/day) had no effect (p = 0.822). There was no 25(OH)D-calcium intake interaction effect on PTH (p = 0.941). In this group of white-skinned women with largely sufficient calcium intakes, serum 25(OH)D was important for maintaining normal PTH concentration.

scholarly journals Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic factors – a report from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin Andrén Aronsson ◽  
Kendra Vehik ◽  
Jimin Yang ◽  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
Kristen Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and associated factors of dietary supplement use, particularly supplements containing vitamin D and fatty acids, in pregnant women enrolled in a multi-national study.DesignThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Maternal dietary supplement use was self-reported through questionnaires at month 3 to 4 postpartum.SettingSix clinical research centres; three in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Sweden, Finland and Germany).SubjectsMothers (n 7326) to infants screened for high-risk HLA-DQ genotypes of type 1 diabetes.ResultsNinety-two per cent of the 7326 women used one or more types of supplement during pregnancy. Vitamin D supplements were taken by 65 % of the women, with the highest proportion of users in the USA (80·5 %). Overall, 16 % of the women reported taking fatty acid supplements and a growing trend was seen in all countries between 2004 and 2010 (P < 0·0001). The use was more common in Germany (32 %) and the USA (24 %) compared with Finland (8·5 %) and Sweden (7·0 %). Being pregnant with the first child was a strong predictor for any supplement use in all countries. Low maternal age (<25 years), higher education, BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2 and smoking during pregnancy were factors associated with supplement use in some but not all countries.ConclusionsThe majority of the women used dietary supplements during pregnancy. The use was associated with sociodemographic and behavioural factors, such as parity, maternal age, education, BMI and maternal smoking.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5071
Author(s):  
Harleen Kour ◽  
Shashi Gupta ◽  
Swarn K. Gupta ◽  
Bawa Ram Bhagat ◽  
Gagan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Background: In the recent years there has been an increased understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in regulation of cell growth, calcium absorption and immunity and its impact on the developing fetus and maternal health is of significant concern. This study aims at evaluating the Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 100 pregnant females according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the time of delivery, maternal blood was collected, and newborn samples were taken from newborn side of umbilical cord and sent for analysis.Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be 85% of pregnant females and 91% of the newborns. Only 5% of pregnant females and 1% of the newborns showed Vitamin D sufficiency. Maternal and newborn vitamin D levels show a positive correlation. Mean maternal and newborn Vitamin D levels were found to be 16.78±7.04 ng/mL and 11.29±5.75 ng/ml.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in north India. Low maternal vitamin D levels lead to vitamin D deficiency in the newborns also.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status in Preeclamptic and Non-preeclamptic Pregnant Women: A Case-Con­trol Study in the North West of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Sadin ◽  
Bahram Pourghassem Gargari ◽  
Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
North West ◽  
The North
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