scholarly journals DETERMINING RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA, AGE, GENDER AND LIFESTYLE PATTERN AS A PREDICTOR FOR BMI USING LOGMPIE DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Jani ◽  
Shelly Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern

We use the ‘Relative Abundance Table’ and ‘LogMPIE Study Metadata’ from the “Landscape of Gut Microbiome - Pan-India Exploration”, or LogMPIE dataset to find out the relative importance of human gut microbiota abundance (specifically genus), age, gender, and lifestyle pattern as a predictor for BMI (Body Mass Index). The LogMPIE data is taken from 1004 subjects and 993 unique microorganisms are reported along with BMI, age, and physical activity. We use Random Forest Regressor to find out the relative importance of the above-mentioned features (microorganism genus abundance, age, gender, and lifestyle pattern) in predicting the BMI of a subject. The objective here is not the prediction of BMI using the features but to find out the relative importance of these features as much as these affect the BMI.

scholarly journals Exercise and human gut microbiota: a systemic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Lourdes Ortiz Álvarez ◽  
Borja Martínez-Téllez ◽  
Jonatan Ruiz Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

AbstractBackground:Eubiosis is the intestinal microbial ecosystem balance between human and microorganisms, whereas a disbalance in this intestinal microbial ecosystem is known as dysbiosis. The relationship between exercise with gut microbiota in humans is poorly studied, although it seems that one of the possible ways to restore eubiosis could be via exercise. This systematic review aimed to examine the scientific literature available on the influence of exercise in the gut microbiota of healthy adults.Methods:A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) from their inception to April 2019. Search terms used were: “Gastrointestinal Microbiome”, “Fecal Microbiota”, “Cecal Microbiota”, “Faecal Microbiota, “Exercises”, “Training” and “Human”.Results:The initial search retrieved 218 articles and 15 met the inclusion criteria of which 9 were cross-sectional, 3 acute and 3 chronic exercise interventions. Higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively associated with alpha-diversity in the 85.7% of the cross-sectional studies (n = 6). We found controversial findings between levels of physical activity or VO2max with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phylum over cross-sectional studies. However, some studies found that higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively related with Verrumicrobia and Actinobacteria, as well as their levels increased after the exercise interventions studies. Furthermore, higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively related with short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs), as well as their levels increased after a chronic intervention.Discussion:The muscle-gut axis is based on the contraction of skeletal muscle during exercise due to the release of myokines. This myokines that seem to play a role in mediating the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the gut during exercise. GLP-1 is one of the key incretins involved in the whole-body metabolism. On other hand, the gut-muscle axis, relies that the gut microbiota is able to produce SCFAs, which are mediator of mitochondrial energy metabolism in skeletal muscles.Conclusion:Higher levels of physical activity or VO2max are positively related with higher levels of alpha diversity and some phylum in healthy adults. Moreover, both acute and chronic exercises only influence some phylum. However, the high heterogeneity between studies hampers to draw stronger conclusions. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the possible mechanism about how exercise could affect healthy human gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): effect of inulin on microbial composition and CLA concentration in a human intestinal model

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Carafa ◽  
Domenico Masuero ◽  
Urska Vrhovsek ◽  
Giovanni Bittante ◽  
Elena Franciosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

AbstractConjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) show a number of putative health-promoting activities including anti-carcinogenic, anti-adipogenic, anti-diabetogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. CLAs are naturally produced by ruminal bacteria and several studies demonstrate that various lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are also able to produce CLAs in vitro from linoleic acid (LA). However, the ability of the human gut microbiota to produce CLA is less extensively studied. Our hypothesis is that the human gut microbiota is able to convert LA to CLA, and that the readily fermentable fiber inulin would positively modulate the growth of CLA-producing bacteria and, consequently increase the CLA content in the intestine.The capability of the faecal microbiota from five healthy donors to produce CLA was tested in anaerobic batch cultures for 48 hours at pH 5.5 and 6.5. Test treatments were linoleic acid (LA; 1 mg/mL) + bovine serum albumin (BSA; 0.2 mg/mL), and LA (1 mg/mL) + BSA (0.2 mg/mL) + inulin (1%, w/v) compared to a control BSA (0.2 mg/mL) fermentation. The microbial composition was analyzed 0, 24 and 48 hours after starting the fermentation by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region). CLAs were quantified by Ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) and bi-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC).The inclusion of LA + BSA + inulin at pH 5.5 significantly increased the relative abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens (p < 0.05), and tended to increase the relative abundance of bifidobacteria. LA + BSA + inulin at both pH 5.5 and 6.5 reduced the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Bilophila, Clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05). The concentration of CLA, in particular the isomer cis9,trans11 C18:2, was significantly higher in the LA + BSA + inulin group at pH 5.5 after 24 and 48 hours fermentation.The data show that the treatment LA + BSA + inulin at pH 5.5 induce substantial changes in microbiota composition, including bifidogenesis and CLA production in a human intestinal microbiota model. The changes of relative abundance detected are consistent with changes in gut bacteria previously linked to human health. Collinsella aerofaciens has been reported for reducing bloating, in particular in subjects suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, while Clostridia, Bilophila and Enterobacteriaceae causes human infections. In addition, the increase of bifidobacteria and LAB, which have previously been shown in vitro to produce CLA, may also be involved in CLA production under simulated cecal microbiome. These preclinical observations warrant confirmation in suitably designed animal and human mechanistic studies.

scholarly journals The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9452
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Seely ◽  
Cody A. Kotelko ◽  
Hannah Douglas ◽  
Brandon Bealer ◽  
Amanda E. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Consideration

An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut microbiota composition and its role in osteoclastogenesis and the bone healing process, specifically in the case of osteoporosis. Although the natural physiologic processes of bone healing and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and bone disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests that a healthy microbiome is tied to bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this connection is still somewhat enigmatic. Based on the literature, a relationship between the microbiome, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) is contemplated and explored in this review. Studies have proposed various mechanisms of gut microbiome interaction with osteoclastogenesis and bone health, including micro-RNA, insulin-like growth factor 1, and immune system mediation. However, alterations to the gut microbiome secondary to pharmaceutical and surgical interventions cannot be discounted and are discussed in the context of clinical therapeutic consideration. The literature on probiotics and their mechanisms of action is examined in the context of bone healing. The known and hypothesized interactions of common osteoporosis drugs and the human gut microbiome are examined. Since dysbiosis in the gut microbiota can function as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity, it may also be a pharmacological and nutraceutical (i.e., pre- and probiotics) therapeutic target to promote bone homeostasis.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic barriers to horizontal transfer of antimicrobial peptide resistance genes in the human gut microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Kintses ◽  
Orsolya Méhi ◽  
Eszter Ari ◽  
Mónika Számel ◽  
Ádám Györkei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

AbstractThe human gut microbiota has adapted to the presence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are ancient components of immune defence. Despite important medical relevance, it has remained unclear whether AMP resistance genes in the gut microbiome are available for genetic exchange between bacterial species. Here we show that AMP- and antibiotic-resistance genes differ in their mobilization patterns and functional compatibilities with new bacterial hosts. First, whereas AMP resistance genes are widespread in the gut microbiome, their rate of horizontal transfer is lower than that of antibiotic resistance genes. Second, gut microbiota culturing and functional metagenomics revealed that AMP resistance genes originating from phylogenetically distant bacteria only have a limited potential to confer resistance inEscherichia coli, an intrinsically susceptible species. Third, the phenotypic impact of acquired AMP resistance genes heavily depends on the genetic background of the recipient bacteria. Taken together, functional compatibility with the new bacterial host emerges as a key factor limiting the genetic exchange of AMP resistance genes. Finally, our results suggest that AMPs induce highly specific changes in the composition of the human microbiota with implications for disease risks.

scholarly journals Can Physical Activity Influence Human Gut Microbiota Composition Independently of Diet? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Barbara Dorelli ◽  
Francesca Gallè ◽  
Corrado De Vito ◽  
Guglielmo Duranti ◽  
Matteo Iachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) influences the human gut microbiota composition, but its role is unclear because of dietary interference. The aim of this review is to clarify this issue from this new perspective in healthy individuals. Articles analyzing intestinal microbiota from fecal samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were selected by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. For each study, methodological quality was assessed, and results about microbiota biodiversity indices, phylum and genus composition, and information on PA and diet were considered. From 997 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies involved athletes, three were performed on active people classified on the basis of habitual PA level, and two among sedentary subjects undergoing exercise interventions. The majority of the studies reported higher variability and prevalence of the phylum Firmicutes (genera Ruminococcaceae or Fecalibacteria) in active compared to inactive individuals, especially in athletes. The assessment of diet as a possible confounder of PA/exercise effects was completed only in four studies. They reported a similar abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, which are involved in metabolic, protective, structural, and histological functions. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals The effects of physical activity on human gut microbiota composition: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Dorelli ◽  
M Iachini ◽  
M Zaccarin ◽  
J Preziosi Standoli ◽  
F Galle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Gut microbiota development and composition can be influenced by an existing dynamic balance between host physiology and lifestyle. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of physical activity on human gut microbiota. Methods PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until May 2019. Full-text in English were recruited if focused on gut microbiota in healthy athletes or active people, without age or gender restrictions, collected on faecal samples and analysed with genome sequencing of rRNA 16S. All types of study design were included as long as they performed a comparison with a sedentary control group. No specific time frame for the publication date was applied. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies (2017) and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials. Results The analysis yielded 7/985 articles: five cross-sectional studies and two clinical trials, published from 2014 to 2019. The overall methodological assessment was of fair quality. Types of exercise included in the studies were: rugby, running, aerobic exercise, bodybuilding. More in detail, regarding the exercise load, some studies were conducted on elite professional athletes, such as rugby players, marathon runners or bodybuilders, with rigorous training, while other studies included a few weeks of aerobic and resistance training at a moderate intensity. Shannon diversity index increased in three studies. Concerning phyla, Firmicutes were increased in five studies and three studies described a significant decrease in Bacteroides. Conclusions This systematic review confirms the direct correlation between microbiota composition and physical activity, but further studies are needed to establish the possible presence of a causal link between the two factors. Key messages Exercise can play an important role as an environmental factor in determining gut microbiota composition. Further studies are needed to gain robust evidence of physical activity influence on gut microbiota variability.

scholarly journals Rice Bran and Quercetin Produce a Positive Synergistic Effect on Human Gut Microbiota, Elevate the Level of Propionate, and Reduce the Population of Enterobacteriaceae family when Determined using a Bioreactor Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Ghimire ◽  
Supapit Wongkuna ◽  
Ranjini Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Elizabeth P. Ryan ◽  
G. Jayarama Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Health

AbstractDiet is one of the prominent determinants of gut microbiota composition significantly impacting human health. Recent studies with dietary supplements such as rice bran and quercetin have been shown to provide a beneficial impact on the host by positively influencing the gut microbiota. However, the specific bacterial species impacted when rice bran or quercetin is present in the diet is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we used a minibioreactor array system as a model to determine the effect of quercetin and rice bran individually, as well as in combination, on gut microbiota without the confounding host factors. We found that rice bran exerts higher shift in gut microbiome composition when compared to quercetin. At the species level, Acidaminococcus intestini was the only significantly enriched taxa when quercetin was supplemented, while 15 species were enriched in rice bran supplementation and 13 were enriched when quercetin and rice bran were supplemented in combination. When comparing the short chain fatty acid production, quercetin supplementation significantly enriched isobutyrate production while propionate dominated the quercetin and rice bran combined group. Higher levels of propionate were highly correlated to the lower abundance of the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae family. These findings suggest that the combination of rice bran and quercetin serve to enrich beneficial bacteria and reduce potential opportunistic pathogens. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the synergistic effect of rice bran and quercetin on host health and immunity.ImportanceRice bran and quercetin are dietary components that shape host health by interacting with the gut microbiome. Both these substrates have been reported to provide nutritional and immunological benefits individually. However, considering the complexity of the human diet, it is useful to determine how the combination of food ingredients such as rice bran and quercetin influences the human gut microbiota. Our study provides insights into how these ingredients influence microbiome composition alone and in combination in vitro. This will allow us to identify which species in the gut microbiome are responsible for biotransformation of these dietary ingredients.. Such information is helpful for the development of synbiotics to improve gut health and immunity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships Between 98 Genera of the Human Gut Microbiota and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjing Zhang ◽  
Zhenhuang Zhuang ◽  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Dongsheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Weighted Median ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests a mutual interaction between gut microbiome alterations and ALS pathogenesis. However, previous studies were susceptible to potential confounding factors and reverse causation bias, likely leading to inconsistent and biased results. Therefore, to decipher the potentially mutual relationship between gut microbiota and ALS, we used a bidirectional two-sample MR approach to examine the associations between the gut microbiome and ALS. Effects of potential metabolites on ALS were also estimated in MR design.ResultsUsing the inverse variance-weighted method, OTU10032 unclassified Enterobacteriaceae species-level OTU and unclassified Acidaminococcaceae were associated with a higher risk of ALS (per relative abundance: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07; P = 0.011 and OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04; P = 0.009, respectively). Importantly, Gamma-Glu-Phe was showed potential deleterious effects on the risk of ALS (genetically predicted per a 1-standard deviation increase in the level of Gamma-Glu-Phe: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.50–2.55; P = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis of the two candidate genera and metabolites using the MR-Egger and weighted-median methods produced similar estimates, and no horizontal pleiotropy or outliers were observed. Intriguingly, genetically predicted ALS was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of OTU4607_Sutterella (per 1-unit higher log odds: β, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.27–3.18; P = 0.020) and Lactobacillales_ORDER (per 1-unit higher log odds: β, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.09–0.94; P = 0.019).ConclusionsOur findings provide novel evidence supporting the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and ALS and highlight that a transsynaptic, glutaminergic, excitotoxic mechanism could provide a pathogenic basis for ALS. These results may contribute to designing microbiome- and microbiome-dependent metabolite interventions in future ALS clinical trials.

scholarly journals Assessment of bidirectional relationships between 98 genera of the human gut microbiota and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjing Zhang ◽  
Zhenhuang Zhuang ◽  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Dongsheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Weighted Median ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests a mutual interaction between gut microbiome alterations and ALS pathogenesis. However, previous studies were susceptible to potential confounding factors and reverse causation bias, likely leading to inconsistent and biased results. Objectives To decipher the potentially mutual relationship between gut microbiota and ALS, we used a bidirectional two-sample MR approach to examine the associations between the gut microbiome and ALS. Results Using the inverse variance-weighted method, OTU10032 unclassified Enterobacteriaceae species-level OTU and unclassified Acidaminococcaceae were associated with a higher risk of ALS (per relative abundance: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07; P = 0.011 and OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04; P = 0.009, respectively). Importantly, Gamma-Glu-Phe was showed potential deleterious effects on the risk of ALS (genetically predicted per a 1-standard deviation increase in the level of Gamma-Glu-Phe: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.50–2.55; P = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis of the two candidate genera and metabolites using the MR-Egger and weighted-median methods produced similar estimates, and no horizontal pleiotropy or outliers were observed. Intriguingly, genetically predicted ALS was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of OTU4607_Sutterella (per 1-unit higher log odds: β, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.27–3.18; P = 0.020) and Lactobacillales_ORDER (per 1-unit higher log odds: β, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.09–0.94; P = 0.019). Conclusions Our findings provide novel evidence supporting the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and ALS. These results may contribute to designing microbiome- and microbiome-dependent metabolite interventions in future ALS clinical trials.

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