Tales of the far north; Dr William Gordon Stables and the Arctic adventure story in the late Victorian era

Polar Record ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Wamsley
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Far North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractDr William Gordon Stables (1837–1910) was perhaps the most prolific author of juvenile works during the second half of the 19th century, publishing more than 130 full-length novels, in addition to offering regular contributions to juvenile magazines. His writings covered a diverse range of subject areas, spanning all regions of the globe, and offered lively tales of adventure often coupled with moral guidance and imperialistic overtones. However, it was juvenile tales of adventure set in the far north that were his favourites and among his most frequent selections. Drawing upon his own first-hand Arctic experiences, Stables provided a knowledgeable view of the northern regions, offering vivid and realistic depictions of life and work in the Arctic, as well as its peoples, natural history and natural wonders. The challenges of survival in the harsh environment of the Arctic fostered a physical approach to manliness and maturity in Stables’ young heroes, who served as powerful role models for his youthful audience. Stables’ works enjoyed widespread popularity among impressionable juvenile readers and helped to shape their perceptions of the Arctic regions and impart character values on their path to adulthood. This article examines Stables’ contribution to Arctic storytelling in the late Victorian era.

scholarly journals Svalbardforskning og svalbardpolitikk 1870-1925 Forskere som politiske aktører

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar-Arne Drivenes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Far North ◽  
The 19Th Century

The research and commercial activity in the Scandinavian portion of the Arctic increased appreciably in the last decades of the 19th century and up until the 1920s. Not unexpectedly, the idea arose during this period to bring the largest group of the as yet unclaimed Arctic islands, Spitsbergen, under Norwegian or Swedish control. Norwegian political ambitions in the far north seem to have expanded proportionally with economic and scientific activity. What role did science play in this process? In the contest to win Svalbard, Norwegian authorities deliberately used research results and research activity as justification that Spitsbergen was Norwegian. Also, Spitsbergen researchers worked systematically towards a Norwegian conquest of the archipelago, economic and cultural at first, but ultimately political.

scholarly journals Issues of providing solid fuel to the Arctic regions of Yakutia and their solutions based on the potential development of the local raw material base

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Vladislav Igorevich FEDOROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Northern Regions

Relevance. The interest of science and practice in the large-scale development of subarctic and arctic territories, in particular the Russian Far East and Siberia, has sharply increased in the world. Coal enterprises in remote and inaccessible areas of the region in the face of intense inter-fuel competition are faced with the need to comprehensively increase production efficiency. The successful solution of these problems is counteracted by a complex of unfavorable factors, which, compared with the regions of traditional subsoil use, significantly increase the cost of any activity and predetermine high specific energy consumption in conditions of increased risks of various nature. They are most pronounced in the northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with their extreme natural and climatic conditions, where due to the simultaneous effect of the low level of infrastructure development; very complex logistics; seasonality and discrepancies in the delivery of goods by water and road; scattered across a huge area of a small number of settlements, etc. there is a sharp complication of the conditions for the normal provision of all types of resources used. The priorities here are normal functioning of the local population, improving energy and environmental safety with acceptable economic and social efficiency. Purpose of the work: to substantiate the need and the possibility of adjusting geotechnological solutions when mining coal deposits with open pits of small and ultra-low thickness when they operate as part of local fuel and energy complexes to increase the efficiency and safety of deliveries to remote areas and improve the quality of coal shipped. Method of research. Generalization and analysis of scientific and technical literature. Using the method of analogy the selection of criteria for creation of micro-sections for coal mining in the Arctic regions of Yakutia and the effectiveness of their implementation in the system of providing solid fuel to consumers in hard-to-reach areas were made. Research results. A solid fuel supply scheme is proposed that meets the coal needs of remote areas of Yakutia, which is based on the concept of creating new local small coal mines near consumers to replace the existing expensive, complex and unreliable scheme. A complex of geotechnical criteria and boundary conditions oriented to small coal openings is presented, on the basis of which it is possible to reveal resource-saving, technical and technological capabilities of the chain, economically acceptable and environmentally efficient development of coal deposits. Link optimization can result from the immediate horizontal and vertical integration of small open cuts in the coal supply chain to consumers. Conclusions. The development of local deposits is one of the ways to increase the stability of the solid fuel supply chain to consumers, as well as the energy security of the inaccessible northern regions of Yakutia and support their economic and social development.

scholarly journals Main directions, specifics and prospects of architectural and construction design development in conditions of Northern latitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
V. S. Gusev ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Pukharenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Northern regions of the country are of great economic, geopolitical, defense and strategic importance. The article considers the problems of construction in the Arctic regions highlighting the importance of using construction technologies and materials that meet the conditions of the Extreme North, as well as integrating the latest scientific achievements into the field of architecture and construction with the need to implement the experience of foreign and Russian developers and facilitating the development of Arctic tourism.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF FUNCTIONAL ZONING OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
A. E. Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
National Park ◽  
City Planning ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Far North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Purpose: The aim of this work is to study the environmental issues of northern urban planning and create a conceptual model of the functional zoning of the temporary residence module for the Far North. The purpose includes summary of the problems and threats of protected natural areas, namely the Arctic National Park of Russia; a study of the main historical town-planning of the ideal cities, clarification of aspects of the modern city planning in extreme conditions ; the analysis of the conceptual project “Cities of the Future”, in which the environmental problem is the main requirement for the artificial environment for human life; a description of urban planning principles and space-planning decisions of existing camps in the north of Russia and reveal the significant shortcomings of construction in these conditions ; formulation and systematization of specific requirements for the modern architecture of temporary Arctic settlements; propose a conceptual model of functional zoning of a temporary residence module in the Far North regions.Research findings: A new composition of the Arctic module for temporary residence of the 21st century is considered. A list and zoning scheme of the main and auxiliary premises, united by functional zones is discussed. The requirements for residential, public and technical spaces of the complex are defined and formulated.Practical implications: The proposed temporary residence modules can be used for Arctic regions of Russia. The functional zoning will allow to create a spatial environment of autonomous bioclimatic temporary residence module for the Russian Arctic National Park.

On the issue of assessing and Increasing the effect of training foreign citizens in Russian universities on the economic development of Russia and its Arctic regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
A.L. Sinitsa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Far North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Russian Higher Education ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
University Services ◽  
Russian Universities

In an effort to comprehensively cover the issue indicated in the title of the article, the author, first, traces the dynamics of the number of persons in question, including students on a contract basis, and identifies factors that affect this dynamics. Secondly, he comments on the direct and indirect assessments of the effects of training of educational migrants available in the literature. Thirdly, he gives examples of the presence of such effects for the economies of countries leading in the export of educational services. Fourth, it reveals the specifics of the Arctic subsystem of the Russian higher education system in comparison with similar subsystems of other countries that include the territories of the Far North. Fifth, it constructively and critically analyzes measures to stimulate the export of University services. Sixth, it sets out a number of considerations for improving the information and statistical support for solving the problems under consideration.

Bryology in arctic and boreal North America and Greenland

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Bryological research in boreal and arctic North America is in very preliminary stages. Although the flora is moderately well documented, details are lacking in much of the region. Greenland, Alaska, and Ellesmere Island are better understood than the rest of the area. Much of the information has been accumulated as casual collections and observations and incidental to other research. Bryophyte cover in arctic regions is less than that of vascular plants; in boreal regions wetlands are often dominated by bryophytes and open forests have extensive moss carpets. Turfs dominate the growth forms in the arctic while in boreal regions whorled-branched turfs, wefts, and compact mats become the predominant growth forms. Bryophytes are important in plant community structure and dynamics of both boreal and arctic regions, but detailed studies are few. Cytology of arctic and boreal bryophytes in North America rests on a single paper, thus any generalizations are hazardous. Physiology of bryophytes in northern North America has been inadequately documented. The sexuality, reproductive cycles, growth rates, and metabolic activities of bryophytes are areas that could yield intriguing results. Reproduction in bryophytes in northern regions appears not to be greatly different from that of more southern regions. In spite of the shorter growing season and the terrain and climate favoring wind dispersal, this had not led to an increase in the incidence of asexual reproduction in spite of the fact that more than 60% of the bryophytes are dioicous. Bryogeographic patterns are similar to those of the vascular flora but the presence of western North American taxa in the easternmost arctic and their absence in intervening areas is highly suggestive of eastern refugia. Glacial refugia are supported by the bryophyte distributions; their presence in unglaciated Alaska–Yukon, Ellesmere Island, and parts of Greenland seems best documented. Thirty-six maps are given showing bryophyte distribution patterns in the region under discussion.

scholarly journals Finances of the Arctic. Implementation of Functions of the Financial-Investment Potential in the Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation: scientific-analytical report.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Kobylinskaya ◽  
◽  
T. I. Barasheva ◽  
R. V. Badylevich ◽  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Financial Credit ◽  
Conducting Research

The scientific-analytical report presents a study of the financial-investment potential distinguishing its structural elements: potentials of economic entities, fiscal and financial-credit potentials. A special attention is paid to functional specificities of each element of the financial potential in regional development and revealing their interconnections. Regions of the Russian Arctic zone characterized by severe climatic conditions, having strong nature resource potential, and being a zone of increased interest from large corporate structures and strategic interest of the state are the object of the study. The work is addressed to scientific researchers, legislative and executive authorities of different levels, financial-credit institutions, enterprises and organizations, lecturers and students as well as other readers interested in issues of the Arctic territories’ development. The scientific and analytical report was prepared as a part of the state assignment of FRS KSC RAS in terms of conducting research work of the G. P. Luzin Institute for Economic Studies on topic No. АААА-А18-118051590117-3 “Scientific bases of formation and implementation of the financial-investment potential of the Arctic and Northern regions”.

scholarly journals Topical Questions of Developing the Russian North: Compensation and Incentive Systems Intended to Attract and Consolidate the Population in the Northern and Arctic Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
N. Volgin ◽  
L. Shirokova ◽  
L. Mosina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Premium Rates ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
The Impact

The Object of the Study. The North and the Arctic.The Subject of the Study. Regional premium rates and rated increases.The Purpose of the Study. Studing of the impact of state guarantees and compensation for persons working and living in the Far North and in the equivalent areas, on the involvement and consolidation of the population, including young people. The Main Provisions of the Article. The characteristics of natural and climatic conditions of the Northern regions and their impact on health and life expectancy, as well as methodological approaches to the size of the regional premium rates are presented. On the basis of statistical data territorial differences in the cost of living of the population in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation and their compliance with the size of regional premium rates are determined. It is proposed to make amendments in the labour legislation about the practice of accrual of rated increases for young people born and bred in the North. While preparing proposals for improving Northern guarantees and compensation it is necessary to take into account the experience of foreign Northern countries (Canada, Sweden, etc.) of attracting and consolidating qualified specialists and workers in the North.

scholarly journals Morphological features, productivity and pollution state of abandoned agricultural soils in the Russian Arctic (Yamal Region)

One Ecosystem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Nizamutdinov ◽  
Evgeny Abakumov ◽  
Evgeniya Morgun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
High Level

Recently, questions about the return of the concept of Arctic agriculture in order to promote sustainable development of the northern regions and ensure food security have been raised more often. The re-involvement of previously-used and abandoned soils into agricultural usage can provide an essential contribution for the development of the Arctic regions. We conducted a comprehensive research of soils with different levels of abandonment in the central part of the Yamal Region (Russia) and compared their morphological features, chemical and physical properties, fertile qualities and the level of contamination with heavy and trace metals to background soils of the region. It has been noted that there are no evident features of cryoturbation processes in the profiles of abandoned agricultucal soils and regular changes in the redox regime, as a consequence of the presence of reductimorphic spots in the soil profiles, have been recorded. Soil organic matter (SOM) stock in the topsoil of abandoned soils is estimated as medium and has a similar level to the stocks of total organic matter in the agricultural soils of the Arctic circumpolar region (Norway, Sweden, and Finland). Statistically significant differences in the content of nutrients between abandoned and background soils were recorded which indicates stability of the soil nutritional state during different abandoned states. Particularly notable are the differences between the content of available forms of phosphorus. The results of the study revealed significant differences between soils of various periods of abandonment and the background soils of the Yamal Region. Abandoned soils can be used for ground and greenhouse agriculture, these soils having a high level of fertility and are not limited for use in agriculture by the level of contamination with heavy and trace metals. According to the character of trace metal contamination, abandoned and background soils are evaluated as uncontaminated on the base of Zc and Igeo indices values. Reuse of the previously abandoned soils can undoubtedly become the basis for increasing agricultural production and ensuring food security in the Yamal Region.

Main directions for research on the development of tribotechnical composites used in the Arctic regions (On the experience of North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
A. A. Okhlopkova ◽  
S. A. Sleptsova ◽  
P. G. Nikiforova ◽  
T. S. Struchkova ◽  
T. A. Okhlopkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
The Creation

Material science studies the relationship between materials structure and properties and its changes under external influence, and belongs to the priority domains of science and technology. The creation of new materials and also its performance improvement, efficient technologies for their processing is the main goal of material science. Today a substantial number of new metal alloys with special properties, different composites, ceramics, polymers, nanostructured functional powder and synthetic superhard materials, multifunctional coatings, etc. have been designed for various economic activities. But the creation of materials and technologies remains an urgent need, because of the progressive development of manufacturing which requires adaptive materials properties and technologies for their processing. This review analyzesAmmosovNorth-EasternFederalUniversity research directions in the field of tribotechnical materials for use in the Arctic regions. Main areas of research are identified, such as developing of polymer composite materials (PCM) production and improving their performance properties. The prospects of physical processing and chemical modification of the polymer matrix surface are shown. Physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties of antifrictional PCM are discussed. The results of the main theoretical generalizations in the field of analysis of PСM supramolecular structures are presented: 1) effects of critical filler concentrations on the structure and properties of PCM; 2) hypothesis of the nature of intermolecular interaction between the filler and the polymer. The modern tendencies of scientific investigation are shown, namely tribooxidative processes in PCM. The specific development of scientific knowledge and the use of polymers for the northern regions are revealed.

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