Psychobiology of partnership behaviour

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev Ploog
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Human Social Behaviour ◽  
Made In

SynopsisAnimal experiments demonstrate that it is not only the quality of transmitted and received social signals that is important, but also their frequency and the timing of the information transmitted. In order for progress to be made in the investigation of human social behaviour and its disorders, methods must be developed which allow the transmission of verbal and non-verbal information to be measured. Experiments carried out with healthy adults and healthy and disturbed children to investigate human eye contact and distance behaviour are reported, along with experiments on the influence of gaze and body posture on spoken communication. Finally, a report on the use of behaviour therapy for an autistic child is outlined in order to explore the psychobiological correlations between social behaviour and language, which concur with extensive experiments on brain stimulation. It is suggested that there is a cerebral representation for species-specific social behaviour and a vocalization system embedded in these brain structures which is a phylogenetically patterned prerequisite for the development of human language.

Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroǧlu ◽  
A. M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Natural biostimulants obtained by plants are intensively used nowadays to improve crop yield and quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) (MLE) in modifying baby leaf characteristics of two genotypes of Brassica. The trial was started in October 2020 in a greenhouse; a cultivar of kale ‘Cavolo Laciniato Nero di Toscana’ (CL) and a Sicilian landrace of sprouting broccoli ‘Broccoli Nero’ (BN) were used. The plants, after 15, 30 and 40 days from sowing, were treated with MLE, while the control plants (C) with distilled water. Treatment with MLE modified morphological and nutritional value, but with different behavior in the two genotypes. In fact, in BN the treatment reduced the antioxidant activity (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) by 54%, while in CL the treatment increased this parameter by 40%. For the phenolic concentration and the sugar content the values recorded were significantly increased by MLE compared to control plants in CL, where in BN a significant reduction was registered. The CL plants treated with MLE showed a significant reduction (−70%) in nitrate content compared to the control plants; a negative effect was, instead, observed in BN, where the plants treated with moringa showed an increase of 60%. Results of this study showed how the foliar application of MLE was effective in improving various nutraceutical parameters, in particular in kale, because it appears to be a species-specific response.

scholarly journals Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Piera Soccio ◽  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications.

scholarly journals Dissociable Mechanisms of Verbal Working Memory Revealed through Multivariate Lesion Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 2542-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghaleh ◽  
Elizabeth H Lacey ◽  
Mackenzie E Fama ◽  
Zainab Anbari ◽  
Andrew T DeMarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Two maintenance mechanisms with separate neural systems have been suggested for verbal working memory: articulatory-rehearsal and non-articulatory maintenance. Although lesion data would be key to understanding the essential neural substrates of these systems, there is little evidence from lesion studies that the two proposed mechanisms crucially rely on different neuroanatomical substrates. We examined 39 healthy adults and 71 individuals with chronic left-hemisphere stroke to determine if verbal working memory tasks with varying demands would rely on dissociable brain structures. Multivariate lesion–symptom mapping was used to identify the brain regions involved in each task, controlling for spatial working memory scores. Maintenance of verbal information relied on distinct brain regions depending on task demands: sensorimotor cortex under higher demands and superior temporal gyrus (STG) under lower demands. Inferior parietal cortex and posterior STG were involved under both low and high demands. These results suggest that maintenance of auditory information preferentially relies on auditory-phonological storage in the STG via a nonarticulatory maintenance when demands are low. Under higher demands, sensorimotor regions are crucial for the articulatory rehearsal process, which reduces the reliance on STG for maintenance. Lesions to either of these regions impair maintenance of verbal information preferentially under the appropriate task conditions.

Arthroscopic International Cartilage Repair Society Classification System Has Only Moderate Reliability in a Porcine Cartilage Repair Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199800
Author(s):  
Jani Puhakka ◽  
Teemu Paatela ◽  
Eve Salonius ◽  
Virpi Muhonen ◽  
Anna Meller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
International Cartilage Repair Society ◽  
Made In

Background: The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score was designed for arthroscopic use to evaluate the quality of cartilage repair. Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the ICRS scoring system using an animal cartilage repair model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A chondral defect with an area of 1.5 cm2 was made in the medial femoral condyle of 18 domestic pigs. Five weeks later, 9 pigs were treated using a novel recombinant human type III collagen/polylactide scaffold, and 9 were left to heal spontaneously. After 4 months, the pigs were sacrificed, then 3 arthroscopic surgeons evaluated the medial femoral condyles via video-recorded simulated arthroscopy using the ICRS scoring system. The surgeons repeated the evaluation twice within a 9-month period using their recorded arthroscopy. Results: The porcine cartilage repair model produced cartilage repair tissue of poor to good quality. The mean ICRS total scores for all observations were 6.6 (SD, 2.6) in arthroscopy, 5.9 (SD, 2.7) in the first reevaluation, and 6.2 (SD, 2.8) in the second reevaluation. The interrater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the ICRS total scores (ICC, 0.46-0.60) and for each individual subscore (ICC, 0.26-0.71) showed poor to moderate reliability. The intrarater reliability with the ICC also showed poor to moderate reliability for ICRS total scores (ICC, 0.52-0.59) and for each individual subscore (ICC, 0.29-0.58). A modified Bland-Altman plot for the initial arthroscopy and for the 2 reevaluations showed an evident disagreement among the observers. Conclusion: In an animal cartilage repair model, the ICRS scoring system seems to have poor to moderate reliability. Clinical Relevance: Arthroscopic assessment of cartilage repair using the ICRS scoring method has limited reliability. We need more objective methods with acceptable reliability to evaluate cartilage repair outcomes.

scholarly journals Learning As It Happens: A Decade of Analyzing and Shaping a Large-Scale Online Learning System

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu J. S. Brinkhuis ◽  
Alexander O. Savi ◽  
Abe D. Hofman ◽  
Frederik Coomans ◽  
Han L. J. Van der Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Online Experimentation ◽  
Quality Of Fit ◽  
Item Reliability ◽  
Made In

With the advent of computers in education, and the ample availability of online learning and practice environments, enormous amounts of data on learning become available. The purpose of this paper is to present a decade of experience with analyzing and improving an online practice environment for math, which has thus far recorded over a billion responses. We present the methods we use to both steer and analyze this system in real-time, using scoring rules on accuracy and response times, a tailored rating system to provide both learners and items with current ability and difficulty ratings, and an adaptive engine that matches learners to items. Moreover, we explore the quality of fit by means of prediction accuracy and parallel item reliability. Limitations and pitfalls are discussed by diagnosing sources of misfit, like violations of unidimensionality and unforeseen dynamics. Finally, directions for development are discussed, including embedded learning analytics and a focus on online experimentation to evaluate both the system itself and the users’ learning gains. Though many challenges remain open, we believe that large steps have been made in providing methods to efficiently manage and research educational big data from a massive online learning system.

Human Factors Engineering Planning Aid

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-352
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Merriman
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
System Acquisition ◽  
The Military ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the application of affordable program management software to the task of planning human factors programs conducted in support of complex system developments. A model of the military system acquisition process was developed and a model human factors engineering program was overlayed upon it. Interdependencies were created between the models so that changes made in the acquisition schedule would cause the human factors program to be automatically tailored. This approach has potential to reduce planning time and increase the quality of human factors plans.

Non-Destructive Identification of Defects in Power Support Structure Foundations by Means of Acoustic Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Lukasz Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Impact Echo ◽  
Acoustic Techniques ◽  
Location Depth ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In

Prefabricated power support structure foundations are made in prefabrication plants where concrete is laid in layers in moulds. The quality of the prefabricated units depends mainly on proper concrete mixture compaction, which is usually effected by means of immersion vibrators. It happens that when the vibrator is withdrawn too quickly, defects, in the form of, e.g., air voids and zones of insufficiently vibrated concrete, appear. Modern non-destructive acoustic techniques, which in recent years have been increasingly commonly used in the construction industry, are highly suitable for testing concrete elements, particularly prefabricated concrete units. The non-destructive impact-echo technique is particularly useful for determining defect location depth and for locating defective areas.

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