The Demands of Glory: Tocqueville and Terror in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Duong
Keyword(s):  
National Defense ◽  
Total War ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Scientific Debates

AbstractIt is now commonplace to acknowledge Alexis de Tocqueville's support for Algerian colonization. Less well understood, however, is why he also endorsed the French strategy of “total war” in the regency. How was Tocqueville's liberalism linked to the specific shape of violence in Algeria? By situating his Algerian writings in the intersecting intellectual contexts of the 1840s, this essay argues that Tocqueville endorsed total war in Africa because of his passion for glory. Far from an aristocratic anachronism, that passion was the product of contemporary scientific debates over voluntarism in France. It was also shaped by the lingering legacies of revolutionary republicanism and Bonapartism which defined glory in terms of national defense. By tethering modern liberty to this conception of glory, Tocqueville provided resources for rationalizing settlerism's exterminationist violence.

From Glory to Total War in Algeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-82
Author(s):  
Kevin Duong
Keyword(s):  
National Defense ◽  
Total War ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter analyzes the relationship between Tocqueville’s passion for glory and his endorsement of total war in Algeria. It is now commonplace to acknowledge Alexis de Tocqueville’s support for Algerian colonization. Less well understood, however, is why he also endorsed the French strategy of “total war” in the regency. How was Tocqueville’s liberalism linked to the specific shape of violence in Algeria? This chapter situates Tocqueville’s Algerian writings in the intersecting intellectual contexts of the 1840s to argue that his apologies for total war were shaped by the lingering legacies of revolutionary republicanism and Bonapartism which defined glory in terms of national defense. By tethering modern liberty to this conception of glory, Tocqueville provided resources for rationalizing settlerism’s exterminationist violence.

scholarly journals Perang Semesta (Total War) Strategy for Preventing Terrorism Act (Study in Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode M. Hasyim ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso ◽  
Helda Risman
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Research Method ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Total War ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
International Airport ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Intelligence Operations ◽  
The Military

Total war is involving all national components such as citizens, territories and national resources in order to defend territorial integrity, sovereignty, and national security from any threats. One of these threats is the act of terrorism which endangers the unity, sovereignty and security of the nation. Acts of terrorism are carried out to create a terror with ideological, political and religious motives and are carried out in vital objects of the state, the environment, and public facilities. One of the vital objects of a country that is prone to acts of terrorism is an airport, which is a place for various activities such as the movement of aircraft, people and goods. Moreover, an airport is a very important infrastructure in supporting the national defense. In this study, the researcher took Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, as the research site considering that several large cases of terrorism and radicalism have occurred in the South Sulawesi region. The objective of this study is to analyze the total war strategy carried out in the Sultan Hasanuddin Airport area as an effort to prevent acts of terrorism at the airport as a vital national object. The research method used is qualitative. The data have been collected from interviews, observations and literature study. The results of this research are in preventing terrorism, a total war strategy that is implemented has three components, including the ‘ends,’ which could prevent the acts of terrorism in Sultan Hasanuddin Airport and strengthen the national defense. The ‘means’ which is manifested in all national components, both government and private agencies, military, police and civil society, as well as facilities and infrastructure. The ‘ways’ which is the intelligence operations, strengthening cooperation between the military and civilians, strengthening synergy between ministries / agencies, training, counseling, completing security tools to prevent acts of terrorism.

scholarly journals Handling Social Conflicts in The Context of A Military Campaign Strategy (Study in The Working Area of The Balik Papan Police Resort)

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Azis Nizar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflicts ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Campaign Strategies ◽  
Campaign Strategy ◽  
Strategy Study ◽  
Total War ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Military Campaign

State defense threats that arise as a result of the development of the global, regional and national strategic environment also include social conflicts that are still widely found in various parts of Indonesia. The preparation of a national defense strategy from an early age is very much needed to face the worst possibility and the government must hold a total war. The involvement of all national resources is needed including human resources, social conflict is a serious problem in the development of the defense force, so a solution must be found. This paper uses a phenomenological qualitative descriptive method and the theory of defense policy implementation by Lukman Yudho Prakoso to analyze the current problems. The research results show that there is still a need to carry out good handling in handling social conflicts that are integrated, can communicate interactively between entities, and implement transparent, controlled and accountable activities. So that the conclusion can be formulated that it is necessary to instill the value of State defense in handling social conflicts, so that it is hoped that awareness will arise in the community for responsibility in defending the State. Another conclusion is that a strategy is needed to build the best network and the involvement of an entity that functions as a Driver Force for handling social conflicts in supporting military campaign strategies.

scholarly journals The Total War Strategy Through the Improvement of the Role of National Shipyard in Supporting Main Weapon System of Indonesian Navy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madrohim Madrohim, ◽  
◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Total War ◽  
Authority Control ◽  
Performance Accountability

The national shipyard industry is an important component in realizing the independence of national defense. The independence of the countermeasures with the state's ability to make and prepare its own defense equipment needs without guaranteeing defense equipment products from other countries. In order to discuss the problem of efforts to increase the capability of the national shipyard industry, theories that support the strategy theory, the theory of capacity building and the theory of policy implementation are used. The method used in qualitative analysis is qualitative analysis, namely the existing phenomena regarding the national shipbuilding industry and qualitatively explains the data obtained from literature studies to gain an understanding of the strategies for dealing with them. The results of the analysis found that to ensure the implementation of policies to increase the capacity of the national ship industry, the formulation of defense policies needs to be guided by the principles, namely: integrated between all existing national resources (integrative), interactive communication between related entities (interactive), commitment a special transparency system in order to avoid leakage (transparency), requires an entity as the driver's authority to regulate authority (control), a special system to measure the performance accountability that has been implemented (accountability). So that the resulting strategy can produce a total war strategy by increasing the role of the national shipyard industry in supporting the needs of the Indonesian Navy's defense equipment.

scholarly journals Makassar War in the Perspective of the Indonesian Total War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Arief ◽  
I Wayan Midhio ◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Total War ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Two Sides

The purpose of writing this article is to take a lesson from history and then make a comparison in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of a nation in implementing a defense system, and it is stipulated in a state document in the form of law if we look at events that occurred in the past, the location of the port Somba Opu is located in a very strategic area, which is located between Malacca and Maluku which makes the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or the East Indies Trade Association intending to implement monopolistic practices; therefore Makassar port must be controlled and must be under VOC control. In addition, the VOC did its best to provide spices to the European market by monopolizing the spice trade in the archipelago. While also wanting the divine government to be under VOC control, this was a threat to the interests of trade and shipping on the island of Maluku for the Makassar Sultanate since the arrival of the VOC. Because of that, there was trade competition between the Kingdom of Gowa and the VOC, and it was inevitable that there would be friction which resulted in the emergence of social conflict between the Sultanate of Makassar and the VOC, which at its peak broke out in a war between the two sides known as the Makassar War in the XVII century. The conflict continued after the Bongaya agreement on November 18, 1668, which led to major changes in the Bugis-Makassar Kingdom. The VOC obtained a trade monopoly in Makassar, and all non-Dutch Europeans were forced to leave Makassar. The conflict in Makassar resulted in an unstable security situation. The universal defense system, as stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law (RI Law) Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, has stipulated that the Indonesian defense system is SISHANKAMRATA, where the contribution of the people in it is an important part).

THE CHALLENGES OF THE TECHNOLOGY 4.0 AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WITHIN TOTAL WAR STRATEGY STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ruslan Arief ◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Rudy Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenology ◽  
Total War ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

<p class="Els-history-head">The development of information technology has a significant impact on various important aspects of life. Apart from positive impacts, there are also negative impacts that are important to know and anticipate to prevent major damage and losses. On a broad scale, namely at the national level, the development of information technology can also affect the development of national defense as it is known that the nature of Indonesia's defense is total defense, which is prepared to face the total war. Based on the explanation above, the purpose of this <em>study</em> is to examine the impact of the development of information technology on the implementation of Indonesia's total war strategy. The approach used is qualitative phenomenology with research data in the form of secondary data collected using literature studies. The data is then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that the development of information technology has both positive and negative impacts. These impacts encourage the need for changes and adjustments to the total war strategy implemented by Indonesia. This is important to do so that Indonesia can have a stronger defense in preparation for a total war that may occur in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Makassar War in the Perspective of the Indonesian Total War

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Arief ◽  
◽  
I Wayan Midhio ◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Total War ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Two Sides

The purpose of writing this article is to take a lesson from history and then make a comparison in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of a nation in implementing a defense system, and it is stipulated in a state document in the form of law if we look at events that occurred in the past, the location of the port Somba Opu is located in a very strategic area, which is located between Malacca and Maluku which makes the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or the East Indies Trade Association intending to implement monopolistic practices; therefore Makassar port must be controlled and must be under VOC control. In addition, the VOC did its best to provide spices to the European market by monopolizing the spice trade in the archipelago. While also wanting the divine government to be under VOC control, this was a threat to the interests of trade and shipping on the island of Maluku for the Makassar Sultanate since the arrival of the VOC. Because of that, there was trade competition between the Kingdom of Gowa and the VOC, and it was inevitable that there would be friction which resulted in the emergence of social conflict between the Sultanate of Makassar and the VOC, which at its peak broke out in a war between the two sides known as the Makassar War in the XVII century. The conflict continued after the Bongaya agreement on November 18, 1668, which led to major changes in the Bugis-Makassar Kingdom. The VOC obtained a trade monopoly in Makassar, and all non-Dutch Europeans were forced to leave Makassar. The conflict in Makassar resulted in an unstable security situation. The universal defense system, as stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law (RI Law) Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, has stipulated that the Indonesian defense system is SISHANKAMRATA, where the contribution of the people in it is an important part).

scholarly journals The Total War Strategy Through the Improvement of the Role of National Shipyard in Supporting Main Weapon System of Indonesian Navy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madrohim ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Total War ◽  
Authority Control ◽  
Performance Accountability

The national shipyard industry is an important component in realizing the independence of national defense. The independence of the countermeasures with the state's ability to make and prepare its own defense equipment needs without guaranteeing defense equipment products from other countries. In order to discuss the problem of efforts to increase the capability of the national shipyard industry, theories that support the strategy theory, the theory of capacity building and the theory of policy implementation are used. The method used in qualitative analysis is qualitative analysis, namely the existing phenomena regarding the national shipbuilding industry and qualitatively explains the data obtained from literature studies to gain an understanding of the strategies for dealing with them. The results of the analysis found that to ensure the implementation of policies to increase the capacity of the national ship industry, the formulation of defense policies needs to be guided by the principles, namely: integrated between all existing national resources (integrative), interactive communication between related entities (interactive), commitment a special transparency system in order to avoid leakage (transparency), requires an entity as the driver's authority to regulate authority (control), a special system to measure the performance accountability that has been implemented (accountability). So that the resulting strategy can produce a total war strategy by increasing the role of the national shipyard industry in supporting the needs of the Indonesian Navy's defense equipment.

scholarly journals Role of the Indonesian Mass Media as National Defense Element from the Perspective of Total War Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Setyo Hartono ◽  
◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
National Defense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Total War ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Media Power

Mass media as a means to disseminate news has independence in news publication regarding the company's target that depends on the latest news developments or trending topics. Total defense requires structuring a strategy that needs media involvement in delivering news to the public as part of the defense element in forming an opinion. This study aims to provide an overview of the critical role of media participation in supporting the government in various activities of disseminating information or actual news about the field of defense in the total defense strategy. According to Paul Long and Tim Wall (Paul Long, 2012), Media Power is associated with two aspects: the first is the power of control, which determines other parties' actions and is considered negative because it implies limiting the freedom of other parties. The other one is the power of self-determination, which is tied to the idea of liberty either to use power or from the superior's responsibility. The media tends to disseminate dynamic life-nuanced news that does not relate to defense, which is considered more favorable. The Ministry of Defense has created a media engagement program and has tried to measure information discussing security with positive, negative, and neutral sentiment. However, the results obtained are still unable to provide a comprehensive view because media respondents have not represented the media's opinion. This research used the descriptive qualitative method and attempted to discover data and facts from the media as an element of national defense in engaging the total war strategy. This study tries to increase the role of the media in strengthening the universal war strategy through reporting by forming public opinion.

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