The /ay/ diphthong in a Martha's Vineyard community: What can we say 40 years after Labov?

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENÉE BLAKE ◽  
MEREDITH JOSEY
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Martha's Vineyard ◽  
Martha’S Vineyard ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This article revisits Labov's (1962, 1972a) germinal sociolinguistic work on Martha's Vineyard speech, providing a synchronic analysis of the /ay/ diphthong in words like right and time, and, in turn, a diachronic perspective on a sound change in progress. Labov observed that the first element of the /ay/ diphthong was raised in the speech of Martha's Vineyarders, particularly fishermen, and he correlated it with social factors like identity (i.e., local heritage) and resistance to summer visitors. The present authors provide a sociolinguistic analysis of /ay/ from a new set of data collected in a Martha's Vineyard speech community. The outcome suggests a change in the linguistic pattern observed by Labov, which the authors argue is linked to socio-economic restructuring and resulting ideological changes taking place on the island. The acoustic and social factors are analyzed using VARBRUL to show how /ay/ variation today patterns with various internal and external factors found to be salient in Labov's earlier study.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU KINERJA PELABUHAN PERIKANAN PANTAI (PPP) DADAP DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU (Determinants the Performance of Dadap Fishing Port Beach in Indramayu Regency)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Thomas Nugroho ◽  
Iin Solihin ◽  
. Fathurohim
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The study was conducted for analyzing an operational activity of the PPP Dadap, and examining factors that affect the PPP Dadap's performance. Data analysis was done by two methods: first descriptive method for analyzing the PPP Dadap's activities; and second parametric analysis for examining the relationship between organizational and social factors and the PPP Dadap's performance. This study summerized that the determinants of the PPP Dadap's performance are internal and external factors, and organizational and social factors.<br />Key words: operational activities, PPP Dadap, multiple linear regression analysis</p><p>-------</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Kepuasan para pengguna pelabuhan dapat dilihat dari kinerja pelabuhan tersebut. Tahun 2008, PPI Dadap berubah status menjadi PPP (Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai). Namun peningkatan status tersebut tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan produksi ikan, dan aktivitas operasional pelabuhan perikanan. Perubahan status PPI menjadi PPP, tidak mengakibatkan peningkatan kinerja pelabuhan perikanan tetapi justru menurun. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas operasional PPP Dadap setelah perubahan status, dan faktor-faktor penentu kinerja pelabuhan PPP Dadap. Analisa data dilakukan dengan dua metode; pertama metode deskriptif yaitu untuk menganalisa aktivitas operasional PPP Dadap; kedua metode statistik parametrik yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor organisasi dan sosial terhadap kinerja PPP Dadap. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penentu kinerja PPP Dadap adalah faktor internal dan eksternal, serta faktor sosial dan organisasi.<br />Kata kunci: aktivitas operasional, PPP Dadap, analisis regresi linier berganda</p>

scholarly journals Motivasi dan Perilaku Konsumen dalam Keputusan Pembelian Produk Kerajinan Kulit di Yogyakarta

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

<p>Success in carrying out business activities can not be separated from the marketing concept of customer satisfaction or customer priority. Likewise, the leather industry in Yogyakarta. To achieve business success, must be able to understand what motivates consumers to buy their products, including also understand consumer behavior. The decision will purchase a product by the consumer is influenced by various factors, both internal and external factors. Factors include cultural factors, social factors, Personal factors, psychological factors which include motvasi, perception, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes. Determine the factors that are considered by consumers to buy the product, then the manufacturer will be able to determine the right strategy in improving business.</p>

scholarly journals The variable palatal lateral in Occitan and Catalan: linguistic transfer or regular sound change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Mooney ◽  
James Hawkey
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Phonetic Similarity ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Linguistic Transfer ◽  
Internal And External Factors

ABSTRACTOccitan and Catalan are in an increasing state of language obsolescence in France. Their phonologies both contain a voiced palatal lateral approximant /ʎ/, not present in modern French, that is being replaced in all positions by the palatal approximant [j]. It is not clear whether this is an effect of language contact with French because [j] commonly emerges as a variant of /ʎ/ in non-contact varieties of Romance. This article examines the distribution of /ʎ/ in Occitan and Catalan, using auditory and acoustic data from a wordlist-translation task conducted with 40 native speakers. The analysis aims to determine the nature of this sound change either as the result of transfer from French or as a regular sound change that is motivated by the phonetic similarity of [ʎ] and [j]. The mechanisms governing transfer from French are modelled statistically to account for the distribution of historically appropriate and contact-induced variants of /ʎ/, and acoustic analyses test the hypothesis that the change is internally motivated and occurring gradually. Results show that the factors conditioning the change may be different in each of these related languages in that it is contact-induced in Occitan, but potentially due to internal and external factors in Catalan.

Menumbuhkan Jiwa, Perilaku dan Nilai Kewirausahaan Dalam Meningkatkan Kemandirian Bisnis

MBIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Deddy Hendarwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Attitudes and behaviors are the unity of a person's character which is formed by habit everyday. Entrepreneurial behavior is influenced by internal and external factors. These factors are ownership rights (property right, PR), abilities / competencies (competency / ability,), and incentives while external factors include the environment thus Attitudes and behavior can be changed by oneself and / or there are environmental pressures / influences. there is an influence from within themselves and from outside the environment to associate then grow indi attitudes and specific behaviors. It is necessary to anticipate small businesses’ difficulties by conducting an empirical study  on  the  entrepreneurial  spirit,  entrepreneurial  values,  and  assessment  of entrepreneurial behavior that may affect the realization of independence efforts. This study  aims to  analyze the  influence of  entrepreneurial spirit  and entrepreneurial values on entrepreneurial behavior to create business independence. The findings show that the entrepreneurial spirit has a direct positive influence on entrepreneurial behavior and positive indirect effect on the business independence.

Constitutionalizing Sophisticated Racism: Israel's Proposed Nationality Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Jamal
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Nationality Law

This essay analyzes the political motivations behind the Jewish Nation-State Bill introduced in the Knesset in November 2014, shedding light on the ascendancy of the Israeli political establishment's radical right wing. It argues that there were both internal and external factors at work and that it is only by examining these thoroughly that the magnitude of the racist agenda currently being promoted can be grasped. The essay also discusses the proposed legislation's long history and the implications of this effort to constitutionalize what amounts to majoritarian despotism in present-day Israel.

Vernacular American Landscape: Methodists, Camp Meetings, and Social Respectability

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Robins
Keyword(s):  
Cape Cod ◽  
Church Members ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Martha's Vineyard ◽  
Home State ◽  
American Landscape ◽  
Camp Meetings ◽  
Martha’S Vineyard ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
The Church

In 1822, from his Conway home in the shadow of New Hampshire's White Mountains, one Dr. Porter surveyed the nation's religious landscape and prophesied, “in half a century there will be no Pagans, Jews, Mohammedans, Unitarians or Methodists.” The prophecy proved false on all counts, but it was most glaringly false in the case of the Methodists. In less than a decade, Porter's home state became the eighth to elect a Methodist governor. Should Porter have fled south into Massachusetts to escape the rising Methodist tide, he would only have been buying time. True, the citizens of Provincetown, Massachusetts, had, in 1795, razed a Methodist meetinghouse and tarred and feathered a Methodist in effigy. By 1851, however, the Methodists boasted a swelling Cape Cod membership, a majority of the church members on Martha's Vineyard, and a governor in the Massachusetts statehouse.

تدريس كتاب "المحادثة والمطالعة العربية الجزء الأول" في تنمية مهارة الكلام للمستوى بمعهد دار اللغة والدراسات الإسلامية سنينان باميكاسن

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Moh. Hasyim Asy'ari
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Provisional Teachers ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The topic of this research is "Learning the Book of Al-Muhadasah Wa Muthala'ahAl-Arabiyah Juz Awwal for the Development of Maharah Kalam in the IslamicBoarding School Darul Lughah Waddirosatil Islamiyah, Seninan Akkor PelengaanPamekasan Madura, East Java". Every year there must be acceptance of newsantri in all of the rapidly developing huts in Indonesia, The new santri usuallyfind it difficult to speak Arabic because they don't know much about Arabicbefore entering pondok. This research aim to know the steps of learning and thepositive factors that influence the learning. This research use qualitative researchmethods. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Learning Steps to the Book"Al-Muhadasah Wa Muthala'ah Al-Arabiyah Juz Awwal" the teacher greets,remembering the students last lesson, giving new teaching material, the teacherreading the Muhadasah text and the students practiced the Muhadasah text thestudents were allowed to ask about the difficult mufrodat, the students translatedthe muhadasah text according to their abilities, then the teacher interpreted thewhole of the Muhadasah text. then the teacher gives training about sometimesthe teacher gives Arabic language games, the teacher tells students to memorize the muhadasah text and tells them to have two or two in front of the class, at the end of the lesson the teacher gives advice and motivation. 2. There are twopositive factors in the Learning of the Book "Al-Muhadasah Wa Muthala'ahAl-Arabiyah Juz Awwal" namely internal and external factors, internal factorsnamely: provisional teachers, the use of learning methodologies and appropriateteaching materials, students are eager to learn. External factors are: the scope ofthe Arabic language contained in the cottage.

Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078
Author(s):  
T.N. Skorobogatova ◽  
I.Yu. Marakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

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