The Development of the Hungarian Military Frontier until the Middle of the Eighteenth Century

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 55-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Wessely
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Military Conscription ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Better Than

After a long period of neglect, the Austrian Military Frontiers have once again aroused the interest of historians. This article is based on the assumption that, because of the new interest, the reader will be familiar with the frontiers' basic organizational features. Presumably it is well known that the inhabitants of the border area between the Austrian and Turkish empires were subject to military conscription and that because of their unique role their living conditions were better than those of the Hungarian serfs.

Some of Frontiers Education Articles: Around First to Eleven December 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
thobias sarbunan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
General Point ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Better Than

The research pathway is also an important point to lead researchers in creating and enriching knowledge from a fresh viewpoint, as wellas development for the human race. The frontier is the publishing house of a publication that has established information along with the'other agent' of knowledge around the globe. As a result, one of the sub-journals of this publication was education, expanded awarenesstime by time, by new information on innovation in science and technology. In the meantime, the pandemic, better than the science society,has alerted to the current developments in science aimed at strengthening and gaining some insight and awareness of how to maintainthe 'mode of knowledge creation'. So, through this discussion of the current edition of Frontier Education Journals, I thought that thisdiscussion theoretically involved encouragement and advancement in the middle of the pandemic, also influenced from a general point ofview, here as roadmap or step-stone for all research and innovation researchers. On the basis of the discussion in general, I saw that theroad map of the topic of frontier education is in significance to all branches of expertise of education. I agree that knowledge developmenttime-by-time needs to be reflected-analysed-synthesized-adopted or adapted-also developed for the purpose of education in addition tolearning from a general viewpoint. Note, knowledge is never-never sleeping tight, but it still evolves and progresses a long period with thenewest scientific ideas-concept-and hypothesis. In the other hand, it is possible that my study would miss a range of weaknesses inliteracy resources as well; but at least, I have sought, through this article, to see the importance of knowledge advancement that can enrichknowledge in the middle of the pandemic and for future studies.

scholarly journals SPAN512: A new mid-latitude pulsar survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Desvignes ◽  
Ismaël Cognard ◽  
David Champion ◽  
Patrick Lazarus ◽  
Patrice Lespagnol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Time ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Sensitivity Limit ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Large Bandwidth ◽  
L Band ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe present an ongoing survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope at L-band. The targeted area is 74° ≲ l < 150° and 3.5° < |b| < 5°. This survey is characterized by a long integration time (18 min), large bandwidth (512 MHz) and high time and frequency resolution (64 μs and 0.5 MHz) giving a nominal sensitivity limit of 0.055 mJy for long period pulsars. This is about 2 times better than the mid-latitude HTRU survey, and is designed to be complementary with current large scale surveys. This survey will be more sensitive to transients (RRATs, intermittent pulsars), distant and faint millisecond pulsars as well as scintillating sources (or any other kind of radio faint sources) than all previous short-integration surveys.

Euler's contribution to number theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (522) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Number Theory ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Leonhard Euler ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historic Background

Individuals who excel in mathematics have always enjoyed a well deserved high reputation. Nevertheless, a few hundred years back, as an honourable occupation with means to social advancement, such an individual would need a patron in order to sustain the creative activities over a long period. Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) had the fortune of being supported successively by Peter the Great (1672-1725), Frederich the Great (1712-1786) and the Great Empress Catherine (1729-1791), enabling him to become the leading mathematician who dominated much of the eighteenth century. In this note celebrating his tercentenary, I shall mention his work in number theory which extended over some fifty years. Although it makes up only a small part of his immense scientific output (it occupies only four volumes out of more than seventy of his complete work) it is mostly through his research in number theory that he will be remembered as a mathematician, and it is clear that arithmetic gave him the most satisfaction and also much frustration. Gazette readers will be familiar with many of his results which are very well explained in H. Davenport's famous text [1], and those who want to know more about the historic background, together with the rest of the subject matter itself, should consult A. Weil's definitive scholarly work [2], on which much of what I write is based. Some of the topics being mentioned here are also set out in Euler's own Introductio in analysin infinitorum (1748), which has now been translated into English [3].

Peasants and Debt in Eighteenth-Century Champagne

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Modern Europe

Recent scholarship about debt in early-modern Europe has replaced an old model of misery and exploitation with a new paradigm that emphasizes the entrepreneurial rationale for going into debt. Reassessment of these arguments on the basis of detailed information about 5,000 rural households in France finds that debt posed a high risk of ruin to nearly half of the region's debtors and that viticulture played a unique role in stimulating a borrowing frenzy in the countryside.

Silicone Rubber—A Perspective

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Warrick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Silicone rubber began as a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer vulcanized by benzoyl peroxide. Today, 33 years after its discovery, silicone rubber is a line of products of widely different compositions and vulcanized by many different systems. Our knowledge of the rubber is far better than it was but it is by no means complete. Applications are many, but in general, they are in vital areas where extreme environmental conditions will not permit the use of any other material. Service life cost is usually lower than for other rubbers, despite higher initial cost. Uses in surgery fulfill a unique role in saving lives or improving the quality of life for many. Dr. R. R. McGregor said of the field of silicones, in general, “What had been started as a search for further knowledge proved to be the groundwork for technological advances that have proved helpful to industry, and in so doing, have contributed to improving our standard of living”. What he said of silicones as a whole, certainly applies to silicone rubber, and I have been happy to have contributed to the knowledge of silicone rubber and to have been a part of these advances which, in addition, contribute to our physical wellbeing by their use in the human body. These remarks are not in any way an epitaph for silicone rubber, but rather, they are the opening words in a book of growing usefulness for silicone rubber for us all. The adventure has just begun.

scholarly journals Preservation and Creation Plainchant Notation of the Pauline Order in 14th–18th-century Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 399-418
Author(s):  
Gabriella Gilányi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gregorian Chant ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Liturgical Manuscripts ◽  
The One

Abstract This study surveys the musical notation appearing in the liturgical manuscripts of the Order of St. Paul the First Hermit from the fourteenth until the eighteenth century. As a Hungarian foundation, the Pauline Order adopted one of the most elaborate and proportionate Gregorian chant notations of the medieval Catholic Church, the mature calligraphic Hungarian/Esztergom style, and used it faithfully, but in a special eremitical way in its liturgical manuscripts over an exceptionally long period, far beyond the Middle Ages. The research sought to study all the Pauline liturgical codices and codex fragments in which this Esztergom-Pauline notation emerges, then record the single neume shapes and supplementary signs of each source in a database. Systematic comparison has produced many results. On the one hand, it revealed the chronological developments of the Pauline notation over about four centuries. On the other hand, it has been possible to differentiate notation variants, to separate a rounded-flexible and a later more angular, standardized Pauline writing form based on the sources, thereby grasping the transition to Gothic penmanship at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A further result of the study is the discovery of some retrospective Pauline notation types connected to the Early Modern and Baroque period, after the Tridentine Council. The characteristics of the notations of the choir books in the Croatian and the Hungarian Pauline provinces have been well defined and some individual subtypes distinguished – e.g. a writing variant of the centre of the Croatian Pauline province, Lepoglava.

scholarly journals VALUE OF ARTIFICAL EDUCATOIN FOR ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE AT THE MODERN STAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
E. M. Bozhko ◽  
◽  
M. V. Spornik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
Modern Artists ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

Analyzing relevant and informative sources for acquaintance with modern fine art, catalogs of various art exhibitions, article questions and problems associated with the creation of architectural and landscape compositions are considered from a practical point of view. A significant role in art belongs to the architectural landscape, as a genre variety. Promising types of cities - Veduta (A. Canaletto, V. Bellotto) have become separate types of architectural landscape. The genre of painting is the Veduta, which developed in the eighteenth century in Venice. This is an image of views of the city and its environs. Lead amaze with its accuracy. At that time, such images served as photographs. The requirements for the paintings corresponded to their purpose: the accuracy of the image of objects, down to the smallest detail. With the advent of photography, the requirements for graphic images have lost their relevance. The camera can accurately capture the object, transmit small details better than the artist. The changes that are taking place in modern realistic painting are connected precisely with the appearance of photography. Many modern impressionists, trying to impress the landscape they saw, write sketches with wide, wide strokes. For the sake of such a technique, they ignore many important elements of the landscape in order to maximize the expressiveness of their work. Modern artists working in the realistic direction of the architectural landscape pay attention to color reproduction, color of painting, while paying due attention to drawing, linear perspective and construction. Painting and photography at the present stage are fundamentally different from each other. Painting corresponds to its name - living writing, generalization, typification and stylization of forms, the viewer's impression of lightness, airiness and illumination. Modern realistic painting is modified relative to the painting of the VIII-XIX centuries. This process is due to the technical development of the modern world, the advent of digital photography, new materials for creativity. Picturesque language goes into the language of flowers. Professional art education plays a fundamental role in understanding the landscape as a genre of painting. Education allows you to combine composition, the picturesque effect, which is an innovation in realistic landscape painting, for the complete deep impression of the viewer.

scholarly journals Radial Velocities of Visual and Interferometric Binaries

1999 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 308-320
Author(s):  
C.D. Scarfe ◽  
D.J. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Binary Stars ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Eclipsing Binaries ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe discuss the use of precise radial velocities for orbit studies of binary stars. Although they are desirable to achieve highly accurate masses for systems of large amplitude, their greatest value will be for systems of long period and low amplitude. These studies require high spectrograph stability, and in some cases resolution of the spectra may prove troublesome. Radial velocities must be combined with visual or interferometric observations for mass determination, since eclipsing binaries of long period are rare, but the number of resolved spectroscopic systems is increasing.We review observational requirements, reduction techniques, and methods of solving for elements that satisfy simultaneously the observations in three dimensions, based on experience with radial velocities whose precision is near the lower limit for this Colloquium, obtained over the past 35 years with the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) coudé spectrograph, and consider the gains that should be achievable over similar intervals in the future, by means of higher precision in all the relevant data. We discuss, from our own experience, the reasons why no masses have yet been determined by these methods, to an accuracy better than 2%.

Administrasi Pendidik Dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PTK) 2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Mayresta
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
Educational Staff ◽  
Better Than

direction and guidance to achieve a certain goal. Coaching is a common thing that is used to improve knowledge, attitudes, skills, in the fields of education, social, and others.Coaching emphasizes practical approaches, developing attitudes, abilities and skills. coaching leads to a change towards better than before which is to improve skills, skills, abilities and so on. Likewise, coaching is done to educational staff, especially teachers. Development has a wider reach in efforts to improve and enhance the competencies of the teaching and educational staff. Development is more focused on increasing ability through formal channels with a long period of time, providing learning opportunities that are designed to help the self-development of teaching staff and education where development is directed to prepare educational staff to hold responsibility for an position or job in the future. The strategy for the development of educators and education personnel includes a fairly complex process and steps. The method used in writing this article is SLR. the purpose of writing this article is to find out how to foster and develop educators and education staff, and to find out how promotion, evaluation, and role of teachers in managing the administration of educators and education staff.

Latvijas pareizticīgās baznīcas darbība 20. gadsimta 20.–30. gados Ziemeļkurzemes nostūrī: Kolkasraga un Dundagas draudžu piemērs

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Dzintars Ērglis
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Close Contacts ◽  
Religious Differences

The article is dedicated to the activities of the small Orthodox congregations of Kolkasrags and Dundaga during the 1920-1930's. The reflection and analysis of problems encountered by both congregations is based on archival documents and periodicals of the Latvian Orthodox Church. The main problems faced by the congregations were rather similar: lack of funds, absence of priests and frequent replacement of priests. In Dundaga, as it is a larger Latvian parish centre, the living conditions were much better than in Kolka, and it is a reason why Dundaga parish was also wealthier. However, the congregations of both parishes could not freely proceed with their economic activities without a special permission of the Synod, and in 1940 all deposits were irreversibly lost. Neither in Kolka nor Dundaga the religious differences were an obstacle to the close contacts at a family level, and religious affiliation of people did not cause any serious conflicts.

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