scholarly journals A Simulation Analysis of the Effects of a Product Tax on the Packaging Waste Output of Selected Food Products

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Spillers ◽  
Joseph Havlicek
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Policy Alternative ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
The Cost

This country is currently faced with an ever growing solid waste problem. A significant amount of total solid waste may be traced to origins in the packaging industry. Various policies aimed at rectifying this problem have been proposed. One policy alternative that is currently being given consideration is taxation of a product based upon the amount and type of packaging waste associated with that product. Taxation is believed to be a policy tool that could be used to internalize the cost of collection and disposal of each product's packaging waste. In effect, those that generate solid wastes would pay. The effects of such taxation implementation on various economic phenomena are unknown, but of critical importance to its feasibility.

Making Lemonade From Lemons: Lessons Learned in Reducing the Economic and Environmental Impact and Negotiating the Post-2005 Service Agreements on Behalf of the 23 NESWC Communities

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Worster ◽  
Andrew Brydges
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
The Past ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Service Agreement ◽  
The Cost

The twenty-three communities that comprise the North East Solid Waste Committee have labored under what may well be the worst municipal solid waste service agreement in the country. In FY 2004, the disposal fee is $140 per ton. Over the past eighteen years, the communities have paid more for disposal, as much as two to three times what the neighboring communities have paid. The NESWC Board of Directors has, over the course of the past ten years, implemented a multifaceted program to reduce the environmental and economic burden associated with managing the municipal solid wastes generated in the 23 member communities. The program has included a series of innovative approaches to obtaining negotiating leverage and support from diverse stakeholders to reduce the cost and implementing innovative programs to help reduce the amount and toxicity of waste requiring disposal. What makes this particularly significant is that it was done on a regional basis, involved interaction with a broad, diverse group of stakeholders at the local, state and federal level and required the use of a wide array of change inducing tools, including arbitration and litigation, to achieve the results. Most recently, the communities and the vendor, Wheelabrator North Andover, completed negotiations regarding service post termination of the existing Service Agreement in September, 2005. This paper updates key lessons learned over the past decade.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Cost

The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.

scholarly journals Economic and environmental assessment of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kepa Izaguirre ◽  
Leire Barañano ◽  
Sonia Castañón ◽  
José A. L. Santos ◽  
M. Teresa Cesário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe management of municipal solid waste is a major logistic and environmental problem worldwide. Nonetheless, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a valuable source of nutrients which can be used for a variety of purposes, according to the Circular Economy paradigm. Among the possible applications, the bioproduction of a biodegradable polyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)], using OFMSW as carbon platform is a promising strategy. Here, an economic and environmental assessment of bacterial P(3HB) production from OFMSW is presented based on previously published results. The SuperPro Designer® software was used to simulate P(3HB) production under our experimental parameters. Two scenarios were proposed depending on the fermentation medium: (1) enzymatic hydrolysate of OFMSW supplemented with glucose and plum waste juice; and (2) basal medium supplemented with glucose and plum waste juice. According to our results, both scenarios are not economically feasible under our experimental parameters. In Scenario 1, the low fermentation yield, the cost of the enzymes, the labour cost and the energy consumption are the factors that most contribute to that result. In Scenario 2, the cost of the extraction solvent and the low fermentation yield are the most limiting factors. The possibility of using process waste as raw material for the generation of other products must be investigated to enhance economic feasibility. From an environmental viewpoint, the photochemical oxidation potential (derived from the use of anisole as extraction solvent) and the generation of acid rain and global warming effect (caused by the burning of fuels for power generation) are the most relevant impacts associated to P(3HB) production under our experimental parameters.

Network effect in shared supply chain platform value co-creation behavior in evolutionary game1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zou Xiaohong ◽  
Chen Jinlong ◽  
Gao Shuanping
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
The Cost

The shared supply chain model has provided new ideas for solving contradictions between supply and demand for large-scale standardized production by manufacturers and personalized demands of consumers. On the basis of a platform network effect perspective, this study constructs an evolutionary game model of value co-creation behavior for a shared supply chain platform and manufacturers, analyzes their evolutionary stable strategies, and uses numerical simulation analysis to further verify the model. The results revealed that the boundary condition for manufacturers to participate in value co-creation on a shared supply chain platform is that the net production cost of the manufacturers’ participation in the platform value co-creation must be less than that of nonparticipation. In addition, the boundary condition for the shared supply chain platform to actively participate in value co-creation is that the cost of the shared supply chain platform for active participation in value co-creation must be less than that of passive participation. Moreover, value co-creation behavior on the shared supply chain platform is a dynamic game interaction process between players with different benefit perceptions. Finally, the costs and benefits generated by the network effect can affect value co-creation on shared supply chain platforms.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Osra ◽  
Huseyin Kurtulus Ozcan ◽  
Jaber S. Alzahrani ◽  
Mohammad S. Alsoufi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Makkah City

In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability and blockage of the drainage system. Solid Waste Management (SWM) can be enhanced by operating a well-engineered site with the capacity to reduce, reuse, and recover MSW. Makkah city is one of the holiest cities in the world. It harbors a dozen of holy places. Millions of people across the globe visit the place every year to perform Hajj, Umrah, and tourism. In the present study, MSW characterization and energy recovery from MSW of Makkah was determined. The average composition of solid waste in Makkah city is organic matter (48%), plastics (25%), paper and cardboard (20%), metals (4%), glass (2%), textiles (1%), and wood (1%). In order to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) was used. According to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined. Kakia open dump has a methane potential of 83.52 m3 per ton of waste.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN HYDROLOGICAL REGULATION ECOSYSTEM SERVICE FROM THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Kobzar
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills

The problem of the formation of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills is very urgent in the world. Municipal solid waste landfills affect the state of ecosystem assets of territorial communities and, accordingly, the flow of ecosystem services. The economic assessment of qualitative and quantitative changes of ecosystem services as a result of the negative impact of unauthorized landfills is a basic element of an effective policy in the field of municipal solid waste management. One of the ecosystem services, the assessment of which is given a lot of attention in the scientific literature is the hydrological regulation ecosystem service. The aim of the research is the economic assessment of changes in hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills. In the scientific literature, the economic assessment of hydrological regulation ecosystem service is considered as a function of the increase in the river or underground runoff and the cost of water. It is proposed to calculate the economic assessment of changes in hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills as a function of: the magnitude of the change in groundwater flow in the summer from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfill; tax rates for water abstraction from an underground source; landfill area; the coefficient of changes in the structure of the ecosystem within the landfill (destruction of vegetation cover); the area of impact of the landfill (outside the landfill) on the ecosystem; coefficient of change in the area of impact of the landfill. Changes in the hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills on the territory of the Korostyshevskaya territorial community of the Zhytomyr region have calculated. The main problems of assessing changes in hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills are identified: obtaining reliable and complete factual information about changes in underground runoff and the characteristics of the ecosystem from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills within the landfill and the zone of its influence. Due to the insignificant value of the cost of changing the hydrological regulation ecosystem service, it was concluded that it is inexpedient to take it into account when making managerial decisions about small and low-power unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills.

scholarly journals Knowledge Sharing Strategy and Emission Reduction Benefits of Low Carbon Technology Collaborative Innovation in the Green Supply Chain

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Wang ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Yongchao Cao ◽  
Chengyi Zhang ◽  
Yunlong Ran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Knowledge Stock ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
The Cost

Knowledge sharing (KS) in the green supply chain (GSC) is jointly determined by the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers. This study uses the differential game method to explore the dynamic strategy of KS and the benefits of emission reduction in the process of low carbon (LC) technology in the GSC. The optimal trajectory of the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of suppliers and manufacturers under different strategies are obtained. The validity of the model and the results are verified by numerical simulation analysis, and the sensitivity analysis of the main parameters in the case of collaborative sharing is carried out. The results show that in the case of centralized decision-making, the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers are the highest, and the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of GSC are also the best. The cost-sharing mechanism can realize the Pareto improvement of GSC’s knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits, but the cost-sharing mechanism can only increase the supplier’s KS effort level. In addition, this study found that the price of carbon trading and the rate of knowledge decay have a significant impact on KS. The study provides a theoretical basis for promoting KS in the GSC and LC technology innovation.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PROPERTIES AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN ORDER TO PROPOSAL OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECT IN BINH DUONG PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Phung Chi Vy
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Inorganic Components

Domestic solid wastes are classified into 10 samples of 04 groups with different sizes: 2 samples with sizes under and over 120 mm (M1-1, M1-2); 2 samples with sizes under and over 80 mm (M2-1, M2-2); 2 samples with sizes under and over 40 mm (M3-1, M3-2); 4 samples with sizes under 40 mm, 40 to 80 mm, 80 to 120 mm and over 120 mm (M4-1, M4-2, M4-3, M4-4). Results of sorting 10 solid waste samples into food, cloth, wood, plastic, paper, rubber/leather, metal, glass, other organic and inorganic components shown that recycled combustible, non-recycled combustible portions are ranged from 15,46 to 93,90 %, from 5,34 to 80,17 %, respectively. The density of 10 compressed garbage samples is ranged from 525,9 to 2016,7 kg/m3; moisture contents are ranged from 18.03 to 20.92 %. Ash content is ranged from 1.12 to 9.49 % dry weight; Calorific value is ranged from 3164,9 to 5757,0 kcal/kg of garbage. The volume of leached water from 10 kg wet garbage pressed by 250 kg load in 2 days is 300 ml (equivalent to 327,1 g). Results of elemental composition analysis shown that the contents of C, H, N, Cl, S are ranged from 35,00 to 51,96, from 6,01 to 6,23, from 0,41 to 0,88, from 0,44 to 0,56, from 0,14 to 0,84 %, respectively. On this basis, the author have proposed a waste-to-energy plant with capacity of 250 tons of waste/day to generate the electricity with capacity of 17,0 MW/day.

Waste and Discharge Sand Use of Foundry for the Manufacture of Concrete Tiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
A.V. dos Santos ◽  
Mauro C. Marchetti ◽  
Ayane R. de Souza ◽  
Deoclécio Junior Cardoso Silva ◽  
Leoni Pentiado Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Casting Sand

The progress in the world industrial sector, together with new technologies increases solid waste generation and the consequent concern with the correct management of them. One of the biggest problems in the foundry sector is the generation of solid waste, consisting mainly of waste sands or discarded sand castings (ADF). Proper waste disposal is a challenge for industries, which are increasingly concerned about the need to preserve the environment and seeking for sustainable development. In Brazil, fused production in 2008 exceeded three million tons, generating approximately one ton of waste for each ton of metal produced. The main destination of this waste is industrial disposal landfills, which have high cost and is an increasing environmental concern for companies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to solve this problem, that is, it was proposed a methodology to reuse these solid wastes, testing our methodology by using concrete slabs with incorporation of foundry sand in different concentrations, in an increasing order of 5%, where natural sand was replaced by founding sand. The viability for the use of casting sand in relation to the resistance was significant in the traces 30% and 35%.

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