scholarly journals Optimal Organization of a Statewide Livestock Auction Market System: The Case of Tennessee

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Emily A. McClain ◽  
Dan L. McLemore
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Market System ◽  
Separable Programming ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Optimal Organization ◽  
Economies Of Size ◽  
Market Operation

AbstractOptimal sizes, number, and locations of Tennessee livestock auction markets were identified as those which minimize the combined costs of assembling and marketing livestock for the state using a separable programming model. The model includes transportation costs, economies of size in market operation, a proxy for reductions in buyers' operating costs attributable to increasing market volumes, and livestock production density, both in and around the state. The model is sufficiently comprehensive and descriptive to be of practical use by policy makers who influence industry change. Results indicate that a reduction in market numbers would lower combined costs.

scholarly journals Optimal placement design for picking and packing in distribution centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 168781402110106
Author(s):  
John Rios ◽  
Rodrigo Linfati ◽  
Daniel Morillo-Torres ◽  
Iván Derpich ◽  
Gustavo Gatica
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Nonlinear Integer Programming ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Suitable Space ◽  
Efficient Distribution

An efficient distribution center (DC) is one that receives, stores, picks and packs products into new logistics units and then dispatches them to points of sale at the minimal operating cost. The picking and packing processes represent the highest operating cost of a DC, and both require a suitable space for their operation. An effective coordination between these zones prevents bottlenecks and has a direct impact on the DC’s operational results. In the existing literature, there are no studies that optimize the distribution of the picking and packing areas simultaneously while also reducing operating costs. This article proposes an integer nonlinear integer programming model that minimizes order preparation costs. It does so by predicting customer demand based on historical data and defining the ideal area for picking and packing activities. The model is validated through a real case study of seven clients and fifteen products. It achieves a [Formula: see text] reduction in operating costs when the optimal allocation of the picking and packing areas is made.

Major construction risk factors considered by general contractors in Qatar

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz M. Jarkas ◽  
Theodore C. Haupt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
General Contractors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify, explore, rank the relative importance and determine the prevalent allocation response trends of the major construction risk factors considered by general contractors operating in the State of Qatar. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire survey comprising 37 potential risk factors was distributed to a statistically representative sample of contractors. The influence ranks of the factors explored were determined using the “Relative Importance Index (RII)” technique, whereas the prevalent trend of contractors’ attitudes toward risk allocation of each factor investigated was quantified and expressed as a percentage, based on the number of respondents who selected a specific option, in relation to the total number of respondents. Findings – The results obtained indicate that risks related to the “client” group are perceived as most critical, followed by the “consultant”, “contractor” and “exogenous” group-related factors, respectively. The outcomes further show that the “transfer” option is the contractors’ prevalent response to “client” and “consultant”-related risks, while the “retention” decision is the principal pattern linked to “contractor” and “exogenous” group-related risk factors. Research limitations/implications – The dominant respondents’ perception that the crucial construction risks are related to clients and consultants suggests that these two parties have an essential role in controlling the negative ramifications of the associated factors. Practical implications – The findings suggest that increasing designers’ awareness of the significant effect of applying the constructability concept can considerably help reducing the risks concomitant of the construction operation. Policy makers may contribute, moreover, in alleviating the risk of incompetent technical staff and operatives’ employment by controlling the migration of inexperienced and unskilled construction workforce into the State. Originality/value – Given the knowledge gap for the major construction risk factors considered by general contractors in Qatar, the results reported in this study can provide clients, industry practitioners and policy makers with guidance to effectively manage the significant risks determined, which can further assist in achieving a reasonable level of competitiveness and cost-effective operation.

scholarly journals Death: The Ultimate Transformative Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
The State ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Fundamental Significance ◽  
Hospice Workers

Death is the ultimate transformative experience. “Death” here means not the state of being dead but rather the whole process of dying, culminating in the end of a person’s life. Death is “epistemically transformative” because you cannot know what it is like to die until you experience dying and this experience can enable you to understand things in a new way. Death is “personally transformative” because it changes how you experience yourself in ways that you cannot fully grasp before these changes happen. At the same time, death is unlike any other transformative experience. It is final, all encompassing, and has fundamental significance. Its power to reveal new truths about your self and your life is exceptional. It offers prospective and retrospective perspectives that differ from those of any other experience. This chapter examines death by describing its unique characteristics as the ultimate transformative experience. The practical benefit of this perspective is to suggest new philosophical resources for physicians, hospice workers, policy makers, and family members who care for dying loved ones.

scholarly journals Adoption of Natural Gas Vehicles – Estimates for the U.S. and the State of Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen (Sarah) Xu ◽  
Liang-Chieh (Victor) Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Diffusion Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Fuel Taxes ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicles ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) have attracted more and more attention from policy makers since natural gas is a clean substitute for traditional fossil fuel that is also readily accessible. In some areas such as the state of Texas, vehicles that do not use traditional fossil fuel (e.g., NGVs) are exempt from paying fuel taxes. Government financial incentives have motivated substantial adoption of NGVs. This paper studies NGV adoption behavior in both U.S. and Texas markets to estimate the dynamics of NGV diffusion. This research employs well-known Bass diffusion models applied to NGV adoption, using data from both the U.S. and Texas. Among several interesting results, we find that NGV adoption through an imitation effect appears to be significant for the U.S. NGV market.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PENDIRIAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Tatang Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
State Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
The Village

<p><em>The state has provided a lot of welfare to the citizens of rural communities, who make up the largest part of this nation. Socio-economic welfare as a public interest has been pursued by the state with its authority, including in the form of a policy to establish Village Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). The issuance of Law Number 6 of 2014, PP Number 43 of 2014 and the Village Regulation of PDTT Number 4 of 2015 relating to the interests of the village community, became a strong foundation for the establishment of BUM Desa. In Karawang Regency, this was followed up with the issuance of Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2019 and Perbup Number 35 of 2020. One of the problems when public policy was implemented started from the substance of policies that were bad policy, unclear, not operational/incomplete, ambiguous, and contradictory.</em><em> </em><em>The research uses normative juridical methods and literature review. The results of the study indicate that the issue of welfare of rural communities is embodied in various state/government regulations. There is a relationship between the local government as an operational policy maker and the policy environment as well as a hierarchical relationship with policy makers regarding BUM Desa at the national level. There are several policy substances that are considered bad policies, because they are unclear, not operational/incomplete, ambiguous and contradictory. This will have implications for the ineffective implementation of BUM Desa policies by implementers at the lowest level of government.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : evaluation, public policy, village-owned enterprises</em></p>

Spending Floors in Gifted Education Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Jaret Hodges ◽  
Jessica Ottwein
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Education Services

For nearly two decades, the state of Texas mandated gifted education services and provided funding to public school districts. One policy that was unique to the state is the mandatory minimum spending. This research examines how these mandatory minimum spending floors influence spending in public school districts within the state and how that influence varies across locales. Our findings provide evidence that rural public school districts in Texas were more likely to operate near to the mandatory state minimum spending for gifted education than non-rural public school districts. In particular, rural public school districts allocated 50% of the funds towards gifted education programming as suburban public school districts when the minimum spending floors was accounted for. The results should provide caution to policy makers on the possible ramifications of removing spending floors on gifted education programming in rural public school districts.

METHOD OF REPLACEMENT OF SPARE PARTS FOR MAINTAINING AND ENSURING OPERATING STATE OF MOTOR TRANSPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
V. V. NECHAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spare Parts ◽  
The State ◽  
Market System ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
System A ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Sequential Implementation

A method based on the sequential implementation of a formalized description of the process of consuming spare parts, a formalized description of the process of determining the state of the el-ements of a market system, a formalized description of the process of determining a rational route for transporting the necessary material and technical means is presented.

Death

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-288
Author(s):  
Evan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
The State ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Fundamental Significance ◽  
Hospice Workers

Death is the ultimate transformative experience. “Death” here means not the state of being dead but rather the whole process of dying, culminating in the end of a person’s life. Death is “epistemically transformative,” because you cannot know what it is like to die until you experience dying, and this experience can enable you to understand things in a new way. Death is “personally transformative,” because it changes how you experience yourself in ways that you cannot fully grasp before these changes happen. At the same time, death is unlike any other transformative experience. It is final, all-encompassing, and has fundamental significance. Its power to reveal new truths about your self and your life is exceptional. It offers prospective and retrospective perspectives that differ from those of any other experience. This chapter examines death by describing its unique characteristics as the ultimate transformative experience. The practical benefit of this perspective is to suggest new philosophical resources for physicians, hospice workers, policy-makers, and family members who care for dying loved ones.

scholarly journals Economic Performance of Forest Plantations in Vietnam: Eucalyptus, Acacia mangium, and Manglietia conifera

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Cuong ◽  
Tran Thi Quy Chinh ◽  
Yaoqi Zhang ◽  
Yi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Policy Makers

Forest plantations have expanded rapidly in response to financial support from the state and local governments and have had significant positive impacts on rural livelihoods and development in Vietnam, since the late 1980s. This study used net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) to examine the economic performance of plantations for three species, Acacia mangium Willd, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn), and Manglietia conifera Dandy, in Bac Kan province. On the basis of an annual discount rate of 6%, the results showed that rural households earned positive financial returns from forest plantations with seven-year rotations. Eucalyptus generated the highest NPV but A. mangium generated the greatest IRR. The plantations were facilitated by financial support from the state, land tenure reforms, and wood exports. The results provide valuable business information and policy implications for both local farmers and policy makers. Since the farmers consider more of the short term and economic return of the plantations, the results provide valuable information for policy makers to apply subsidies and other support to promote plantations with significant ecological and environmental benefits for sustainable development of rural economies.

The Many Meanings of ‘Competition’ in EC State Aid Law

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco de Cecco
Keyword(s):  
State Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Walloon Region

In 2001, the Irish carrier Ryanair and the Walloon regional government reached an agreement the terms of which appeared to be attractive for both sides. Ryanair would commit towards operating a number of its flights from Charleroi airport. In return it would receive a 50 per cent reduction in the amount of landing charges charged by the Walloon regional government, the owner of Charleroi airport. As a result, Ryanair would decrease its operating costs and gain an advantage vis-à-vis its competitors, while the airport and its owner would benefit directly and indirectly from the effects of an increase in passenger traffic. When the agreement was examined by the Commission, the Walloon Region sought to defend the measure by arguing that it had acted in its capacity as owner of the airport and that, viewed in this light, the agreement was not an infringement of the state aid rules, but an economically sound transaction. The Commission rejected this point, holding instead that, in entering into the agreement, the regional government had ‘placed itself in a situation of confusion of powers’, as the commercial need to attract Ryanair to its jurisdiction had caused it to derogate from the generally applicable regulatory framework. Given that the regional government had exercised a power of a regulatory nature, it could not invoke commercial rationality to justify its actions.

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