Modernisation and filial piety among traditional family care-givers: a study of Arab-Israelis in cultural transition

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
RABIA KHALAILA ◽  
HOWARD LITWIN
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cultural Transition ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Givers

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to examine the association of modernisation and filial piety among adult children care-givers of elderly Arab parents in Israel, and to identify factors that mediate the association. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2006–07 through structured interviews with 250 randomly sampled Arab-Israeli adult children care-givers. Hierarchical regression was then applied to the study variables in the respondents’ scores on a culturally relevant filial piety scale. The results revealed a negative correlation between modernisation, as measured by individualistic lifestyle and level of urbanisation, and filial piety scores. The association between individualistic lifestyle and filial piety was partially mediated by perceived care-giver burden. Given the observed trends, programme and policy planners should establish more services that are uniquely suited to the needs of a changing Arab society, in order to provide culturally relevant long-term support for the family network in a period of accelerated modernisation.

scholarly journals Qualitative exploration of the experiences of informal care-givers for dependent older adults in Mexico City

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2377-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Giraldo-Rodríguez ◽  
Nathalia Guevara-Jaramillo ◽  
Marcela Agudelo-Botero ◽  
Dolores Mino-León ◽  
Mariana López-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Giving

AbstractPopulation ageing and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and their consequences, changes in family structure and a decrease in the potential pool of family care, increase the need for formal long-term care for older adults in Mexico, and the need to understand the experiences of informal care-givers and how this impacts their social, family and personal conditions. This study investigates the experience of informal care-givers of dependent older adults using a cross-sectional qualitative study with an ethnographic focus. Thematic analysis was performed. The study comprised 48 semi-structured interviews with care-givers of dependent older adults who are beneficiaries of an in-home medical programme in Mexico City. The average age of care-givers was 54.7 years (standard deviation = 13.1, range = 24–86) and 75 per cent (36) were women. Results show care-giving experiences are diverse and complex, and profoundly affect the care-giver's life in terms of emotional burden, health deterioration and adverse life conditions due to economic deprivation. They also revealed key aspects such as the need to improve communication between care-givers and health-care personnel, the need for training about specific care needs and opportunity costs incurred. This information can serve as a basis for generating support strategies that may be integrated into the in-home programme. It is essential to promote actions that consider the ‘dependent older adult–informal care-giver’ dyad, and that aim to reduce the care-giving burden.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on the Impacts of Perceived Job Value, Job Maintenance, and Social Support on Burnout among Long-Term Care Staff in Hawaii

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Bum Jung Kim ◽  
Sun-young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Extensive research has demonstrated the factors that influence burnout among social service employees, yet few studies have explored burnout among long-term care staff in Hawaii. This study aimed to examine the impact of job value, job maintenance, and social support on burnout of staff in long-term care settings in Hawaii, USA. This cross-sectional study included 170 long-term care staff, aged 20 to 75 years, in Hawaii. Hierarchical regression was employed to explore the relationships between the key independent variables and burnout. The results indicate that staff with a higher level of perceived job value, those who expressed a willingness to continue working in the same job, and those with strong social support from supervisors or peers are less likely to experience burnout. Interventions aimed at decreasing the level of burnout among long-term care staff in Hawaii may be more effective through culturally tailored programs aimed to increase the levels of job value, job maintenance, and social support.

scholarly journals Non-use of community health-care services – an exploratory cross-sectional study among family care-givers for older, home-dwelling persons with dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jill-Marit Moholt ◽  
Oddgeir Friborg ◽  
Nils Henriksen ◽  
Torunn Hamran ◽  
Bodil H. Blix
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Community Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Use Of Services

Abstract Community health-care services for older, home-dwelling persons with dementia tend to be underutilised. Family care-givers provide substantial care, and they often arrange for and co-ordinate health-care services on behalf of persons with dementia. The aim of this study was to examine family care-givers’ knowledge of unused services and their self-reported reasons for non-use of such services. We gathered cross-sectional survey data from 430 family care-givers of older persons with dementia in Northern Norway. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of family care-givers’ knowledge of unused services. An open-ended question regarding reasons for non-use of services was analysed by thematic text analysis. Characteristics of family care-givers (e.g. education level) and factors related to the care-giving circumstances (e.g. negative impact of care-giving) predicted family care-givers’ knowledge of unused services. Reasons for non-use of services were multifaceted and complex, and were related to attributes of the person with dementia and/or the family care-giver (e.g. reluctance to use services) and/or the health-care services (e.g. low quality). Although services were unused, several family care-givers indicated substantial needs for the services. Strategies aimed at addressing the non-use of services should emphasise individuals’ and families’ needs and the adaptation of information about available services and their benefits for both care recipients and family care-givers. A relationship-centred care approach is thus recommended in dementia care.

scholarly journals Reciprocity between older adults and their care-givers in emigrant households of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Prabhaker Ugargol ◽  
Ajay Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Care Relationships

Abstract The felt obligation to return a benefit, termed reciprocity, has been identified as motivating care exchanges between older adults and their younger family members. Within the context of large-scale emigration of young adults from the Indian state of Kerala, this study examines how left-behind older adults and their family care-givers recognise, interpret and give meaning to reciprocal exchanges, expectations and obligations in their care relationship. Employing a social exchange perspective, we qualitatively explore the norm of reciprocity through in-depth interviews of 48 participants (older adults and their care-givers) from emigrant households. Older adults and their care-givers identified reciprocal notions in their care exchange relationship that provided an interpretive framework for describing expectations, motivations, obligations and experiences across care-giving relationships. Spousal care-givers derived reciprocal motives and mutual care obligations through the institution of marriage. Adult children recognised filial duties and responsibilities and were in principle prepared to provide care to their parents. Reciprocating the support received and the likelihood of intergenerational transfers motivated care exchanges from adult children to their older parents. Daughters-in-law executed transferred filial roles from their emigrant husbands and bore a larger burden of care. Primary adult care-givers relied on the ‘demonstration effect’, hoping that children observe the care-giving process and emulate it later. Imbalances and non-reciprocity in the care exchange led to frustrations and threatened the care relationships.

scholarly journals Stigma in Mental Illness: Relative’s Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Introduction: Stigma is an important determinant in mental illness, which determines awareness, symptom recognition and treatment adherence. It is an important factor due to which relatives of patients with psychiatric disorders decide treatment and further evaluation. Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional retrospective study done at medical college. Valid and standardized rating scales along with socio-demographic profile were used to assess perception, awareness and attitude regarding stigma against mental illness among relatives of patients who have mental illness.Results: Most family members did not perceive themselves as being avoided by others because of their relative’s hospitalization, half reported concealing the hospitalization at least to some degree. Both the characteristics of the mental illness (the stigmatizing mark) and the social characteristics of the family were significantly related to levels of family stigma. Care givers whose relative had experienced an episode of illness within the past 6 months reported greater avoidance by others. Conclusion: Stigma experienced by relatives is pervasive and everlasting. It deeply affects emotional, social and occupational aspects of care giver also which leads to concealment of their patient’s illness, which have long term detrimental situations and non-compliance of medications.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 37-42DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12393

Lessons for regulating informal markets and implications for quality assurance – the case of migrant care workers in Austria

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA E. SCHMIDT ◽  
JULIANE WINKELMANN ◽  
RICARDO RODRIGUES ◽  
KAI LEICHSENRING
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Workers

ABSTRACTThe rising number of private care arrangements in which live-in migrant care workers are engaged as a functional equivalent to family care calls for special attention by policy makers and formal long-term care providers on their implications for quality assurance and professional standards in the long-term care sector. Austria is one of the first countries in Europe where tangible legal measures have been taken to regulate this area under the heading of ‘24-hour care’, typically provided by middle-aged women. Reform measures went beyond policing and control mechanisms, including also incentives and tangible subsidies for all stakeholders. This paper contributes to a better understanding of their impact on the transition from informal to formal economy, focusing on quality assurance and working conditions. Based on empirical data and findings from semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders, a framework for the analysis of ‘illegal markets', based on Beckert and Wehinger's theory, is used to discuss potential implications in terms of valuation, competition and co-operation for policy in Austria, and to draw lessons for other countries. Results indicate that even after efforts to ‘legalise’ migrant care, the sector remains a ‘grey’ area within modern labour market legislation and quality management. This is due to the very nature of personal care, low professional status associated with care work and the reluctance of political stakeholders to regulate private household activities.

scholarly journals Disruption, control and coping: responses of and to the person with dementia in hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVINA POROCK ◽  
PHILIP CLISSETT ◽  
ROWAN H. HARWOOD ◽  
JOHN R. F. GLADMAN
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Care Giver ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Sharing Space ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study aimed to gain insight into the experience of hospitalisation from the perspectives of the older person with dementia, their family care-giver and other patients sharing the ward (co-patients). Non-participant observation of care on 11 acute hospital wards was supplemented by 39 semi-structured interviews with 35 family care-givers and four co-patients following discharge. Constant comparative analysis produced the core problem facing all those involved: disruption from normal routine meaning that the experience of hospitalisation was disrupted by the presence and behaviour of the person with dementia. Disruption adversely affected the person with dementia, triggering constructive, disengaged, distressed and neutral behaviours. Using Kitwood's model of person-centred care, these behaviours were interpreted as attempts by the person with dementia at gaining a sense of control over the unfamiliar environment and experience. Family care-givers' lives and experiences both inside and outside the hospital were disrupted by the hospitalisation. They too attempted to gain a sense of control over the experience and to give a sense of control to the patient, co-patients and staff. Co-patients experienced disruption from sharing space with the person with dementia and were left feeling vulnerable and sometimes afraid. They too attempted to gain a sense of control over their situation and give some control by helping the person with dementia, the family care-giver and the staff.

scholarly journals Exploring maintenance of physical activity behaviour change among people living with and beyond gastrointestinal cancer: a cross-sectional qualitative study and typology

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037136
Author(s):  
Chloe Grimmett ◽  
Claire Foster ◽  
Katherine Bradbury ◽  
Phillippa Lally ◽  
Carl R May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gi Cancer ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesIn the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of physical activity (PA) promotion programmes and interventions targeting people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). The impact that these initiatives have on long-term maintenance of PA remains under-researched. This study sought to explore the experiences of participants in order to characterise those who have and have not successfully sustained increases in PA following participation in a PA intervention after a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, and identify barriers and facilitators of this behaviour.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews with participants who had previously taken part in a PA programme in the UK, explored current and past PA behaviour and factors that promoted or inhibited regular PA participation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Themes and subthemes were identified. Differences between individuals were recognised and a typology of PA engagement was developed.ParticipantsTwenty-seven individuals (n=15 male, mean age=66.3 years) with a diagnosis of GI cancer who had participated in one of four interventions designed to encourage PA participation.SettingUK.ResultsSeven themes were identified: disease processes, the role of ageing, emotion and psychological well-being, incorporating PA into everyday life, social interaction, support and self-monitoring and competing demands. A typology with three types describing long-term PA engagement was generated: (1) maintained PA, (2) intermittent PA, (3) low activity. Findings indicate that identifying an enjoyable activity that is appropriate to an individual’s level of physical functioning and is highly valued is key to supporting long-term PA engagement.ConclusionThe typology described here can be used to guide stratified and personalised intervention development and support sustained PA engagement by people LWBC.

scholarly journals Strategic Incentive Systems For Open Innovation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Schneckenberg
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Incentive Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Innovation Practices

<p class="AbsKeyBibli">Our paper presents a cross-sectional study of incentive systems for open innovation practices. Organisations face the challenge to design and implement strategic incentive systems which reward active contributions of individuals to open innovation practices. We refer to contributions from psychology and economics to develop a framework for organisational incentive systems. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 experts in Germany and the Netherlands. The experts work in firms which are both international top players and open innovation pioneers in their respective industries. The results show that all organisations in the sample develop incentives for open innovation. The key strategic function of incentive systems is to open mind-sets of the workforce and to overcome mental barriers of the 'not invented here' syndrome. Immaterial and in particular task content incentives have been judged to have a more efficient long-term impact than material incentives. While experts have emphasised the importance of aligning incentives systems to open innovation strategies, in practice many incentive approaches still remain patchwork and lack a clear strategic focus.</p>

scholarly journals Estimated Manipulation of Tablets and Capsules to Meet Dose Requirements for Chinese Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Panpan Pan ◽  
Chengtao Hong ◽  
Luo Fang
Keyword(s):  
Family Care ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Narrow Therapeutic Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Dose Form

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of manipulations of all tablets and capsules prescribed for children in a teaching and tertiary children's hospital in China over the course of 1 month. Moreover, hypothetical reduction of manipulation according to the availability of low-strength tablets/capsules licensed by the Chinese National Medical Products Administration (CNMPA) was evaluated.Methods: Information on all tablets and capsules prescribed in the hospital from March 17 to April 16, 2019 was collected. It was assumed that tablets or capsules were manipulated if the prescribed dose would have required only a proportion of the intact dose form. Manipulation typically includes splitting or crushing tablets, opening capsules and dispersing in water, or combinations of these method. Moreover, we defined an “avoidable manipulation,” when the dose could be rounded and/or when alternative products with a reduced strength or in liquid formulation were available in the hospital, and a “inappropriate manipulation,” which involved manipulated medications with a direct contraindication for any manipulation, such as those with a narrow therapeutic index or hazardous ingredients, or modified release dosage-forms. The frequencies of total, avoidable, and inappropriate manipulation were estimated, along with the hypothetical reduction of manipulation according to the availability of CNMPA-approved drug doses.Results: A total of 17,123 prescriptions for 142 medications were identified to have required a manipulation among 78,366 prescriptions administered during the study period, with 43 different proportions of subdivisions, ranging from a 19/20 to 1/180 product strength reduction. Half, quarter, and trisection were the most common subdivisions administered. Overall, 19% of the manipulated prescriptions were determined to be avoidable, and 19% of the manipulations involved medications with a clear recommendation to not manipulate. In addition, 21% of the manipulated prescriptions could have been potentially avoided if all of the approved preparations with the lowest strength would have been available at the hospital. Any manipulations undertaken were carried out by pharmacists and family care givers.Conclusions: More than 20% of tablets and capsules prescriptions need manipulated, included a high incidence of avoidable and inappropriate manipulation.

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