scholarly journals Old age and fear of crime: cross-national evidence for a decreased impact of neighbourhood disadvantage in older age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Göran Köber ◽  
Dietrich Oberwittler ◽  
Rebecca Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract Fear of crime among older people has been a frequent topic in ageing research, criminology and urban studies. The ‘environmental docility hypothesis’ assumes that older people are more vulnerable to adverse neighbourhood conditions than younger age groups. Yet, few studies have tested this influential hypothesis using samples of respondents covering the complete adult lifespan. Looking at fear of crime, we investigated the person–environment interaction of age and neighbourhood disadvantage, using two independent surveys comprising 12,620 respondents aged 25–90 years residing in 435 neighbourhoods in four cities in Germany and Australia. We used multi-level analysis and cross-level interactions to model age-differential effects of neighbourhood disadvantage on fear. Contrary to the hypothesis, we found a weakening of neighbourhood effects on fear with age. The strong effect of neighbourhood disadvantage on fear of crime dropped by around half from the youngest (25 years) to the oldest age (90 years) in both countries. Younger people were almost as fearful as older people in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods, but older people were considerably more fearful than younger ages in better-off neighbourhoods. We found limited empirical support for the assumption that this diminished association between neighbourhood disadvantage and fear can be explained by the stronger neighbourhood attachment of older people. The limitations of the analysis and potential future directions of research are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of sitagliptin vs sulphonylureas in older people

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
Manuj Sharma ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
Irene Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Multivariate Adjustment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background two common anti-diabetic treatments used are sitagliptin and sulphonylureas however evidence examining their comparative effectiveness in older people is limited. Objective to evaluate effectiveness of sitagliptin vs sulphonylureas when added to metformin in older (aged ≥75) vs younger people (18–75). Design retrospective cohort study. Setting UK Primary Care. Subjects 2,904 individuals prescribed sitagliptin (223 aged≥75) and 13,683 prescribed sulphonylureas (1,725 aged ≥75). Methods multivariable regression to analyse difference in HbA1c and weight, 12 months after add-on initiation and proportion achieving different glycaemic targets. Results after multivariate adjustment to remove baseline differences, the HbA1c after 12 months of treatment was on average 1 mmol/mol (95%CI −0.7 to 2.8) higher with sitagliptin vs sulphonylureas in older people though this was not statistically significant. The weight however, was significantly lower −1.4 kg (95%CI −2.1 to −0.7) with sitagliptin vs sulphonylureas. A lower proportion prescribed sitagliptin vs sulphonylureas recorded HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol by study end: Odds Ratio 0.63 (95%CI 0.42–0.95). In younger people, similar HbA1c reductions were also observed with both treatments, however weight after 12 months was even lower with sitagliptin vs sulphonylureas: −2.3 kg (95%CI −2.5 to −2.0). Conclusions similar HbA1c reduction was observed when sitagliptin or sulphonylureas were added to metformin in older and younger age-groups. Sitagliptin use led to modest comparative weight loss. There may be greater risk of over-treatment with sulphonylureas evidenced by greater proportion recording HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol by study end. This evidence supporting use of sitagliptin when add-on therapy is selected in older adults should be considered alongside the wider evidence-base and patient-preference.

Psychiatry of the elderly

2017 ◽  
pp. 539-562
Author(s):  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mina Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Normal Ageing

‘Psychiatry of the elderly’ covers the disorders which most affect older people. After an introduction to normal ageing and its psychological and biological correlates, the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in the elderly is outlined. The principles and practice of psychiatry of the elderly are then described, focusing on the major disorders (other than dementia, which was covered in Chapter 14). We summarise the main features of assessments, services, and treatments, and how these differ from younger age groups. The treatment and management of dementia is an important aspect of psychiatry in the elderly, and both pharmacological and behavioural interventions are covered in detail.

The mobilities of care in later life: exploring the relationship between caring and mobility in the lives of older people

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Karen Croucher ◽  
Rose Gilroy ◽  
Mark Bevan ◽  
Katia Attuyer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
The North ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract There has been a renewed call for a revaluing of informal caring in order to counter the way that caring is undervalued, taken for granted and invisible. Travel is one area where a detailed critique of this issue has emerged with the concept of ‘mobility of care’, however, this concept has only been applied in relation to younger age groups, and our understanding of mobilities of care in later life remains underdeveloped. By ‘mobilities of care’ we mean journeys made for the purpose of giving and receiving informal care and support. This paper draws on the mobility narratives of 99 older people (aged 55 and above) living in three locations in the North of England who participated in a two-year qualitative longitudinal study that explored the inter-play between mobility, wellbeing and life transitions. We focused on the experience of managing life transitions rather than assume that chronology per se determines wellbeing. Narratives of ageing emphasise the importance of getting out and about, and being socially connected active citizens. Our study demonstrates that for many older people getting out and about is not for leisure or utility purposes but to give support and care. As such, these journeys have a particular significance in the lives of older people and in the construction of roles, meaning and identity in later life.

Religious attitudes among British older people: stability and change in a 20-year longitudinal study

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER G. COLEMAN ◽  
CHRISTINE IVANI-CHALIAN ◽  
MAUREEN ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Beliefs And Practice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All

Britain along with other western European countries has seen a marked decrease in allegiance to traditional forms of Christianity during the latter part of the 20th century. Although church attendance remains relatively high among older people compared with younger age groups, there has been little or no investigation into the stability or change of people's religious belief and practice with increasing age. This paper present findings on these issues from the Southampton Ageing Project, which from 1977–78 to 2002 followed 342 people almost all of whom had had an entirely Christian religious education and all of whom at the outset were aged 65 or more years. Although religion has continued to have considerable meaning in the lives of up to one-half of the participants, approximately one-quarter of the sample expressed a declining commitment to a religious faith and to church membership. The participants' accounts of their recent life experiences, for example following bereavement, give instances of disappointment with the support that they received from institutional religion and show that this was a factor in their declining adherence. They also provide suggestions for further investigation into the origin of this decline. The conclusion argues that the study of older people's religious and spiritual beliefs and practice should be integrated with the investigation of self and identity and of sources of existential meaning in later life.

scholarly journals Lifecourse transitions, gender and drinking in later life

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARE HOLDSWORTH ◽  
MARTIN FRISHER ◽  
MARINA MENDONÇA ◽  
CESAR DE OLIVEIRIA ◽  
HYNEK PIKHART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTOlder people consume less alcohol than any other adult age group. However, in recent years survey data on alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom have shown that while younger age groups have experienced a decline in alcohol consumption, drinking behaviours among the elderly have not reduced in the same way. This paper uses data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to analyse both the frequency and quantity of older adult's alcohol consumption using a lifecourse approach over a ten-year period. Overall drinking declined over time and the analysis examined how socio-economic characteristics, partnership, employment and health statuses were associated with differences in drinking behaviours and how these changed over time. Higher wealth and level of education were associated with drinking more and drinking more frequently for men and women. Poorer self-rated health was associated with less frequent consumption and older people with poor and deteriorating health reported a steeper decline in the frequency of alcohol consumption over time. Men who were not in a partnership drank more than other men. For women, loss of a partner was associated with a steeper decline in drinking behaviours. These findings have implications for programmes to promote responsible drinking among older adults as they suggest that, for the most part, characteristics associated with sustaining wellbeing in later life are also linked to consuming more alcohol.

scholarly journals Intra-individual variation in RMR in older people

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan R. D. Gibbons ◽  
C. Jeya K. Henry ◽  
Stanley J. Ulijaszek ◽  
Helen J. Lightowler
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Made In

In the factorial estimation of total energy expenditure it is assumed that the intra-individual variation in RMR is small. Little is known about the intra-individual variation in RMR in older subjects. The present study investigated the intra-individual variation in RMR in older people. Measurements of RMR were made in twenty-seven older subjects, mean age 71·6 (sd 6·1) years, on two separate occasions (T1 and T2) and on a third occasion (T3) in nineteen of the subjects. Measurements of height and weight were taken in all subjects. RMR measurements were made in the laboratory using a Deltatrac™ (ventilated-hood indirect calorimeter; Datex, Helsinki, Finland). All subjects had fasted overnight for 12h and refrained from strenuous exercise before measurements. The intra-individual CV in RMR (kJ/d) after T1 and T2 was 2·5% in women and 3·6% in men and was 2·6% in women and 3·4% in men after all three sets of measurements. Although mean RMR did not vary across T1, T2 and T3, there was significant ‘crossing tracks’ across the three measurement occasions in some individuals, reflecting a high degree of within-subject variability. The methods used had a significant measurement error associated with them (high R value; significant F ratio in three-way ANOVA). In conclusion, the results from the present study indicate that intra-individual variation in RMR was low in older people. The intra-individual variation in the elderly is similar to that seen in younger age groups.

scholarly journals What determines cognitive estimation ability? Changing contributions of semantic and executive domains as a function of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hoffman ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Estimation ◽  
Cognitive Estimation Test

The Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) is commonly used in neuropsychological assessment. It is typically assumed to load on executive functions, although research has shown that CET performance also depends on semantic knowledge. Yet, it is unknown whether these contributions vary with age. It is important to examine this question as these abilities have divergent life course trajectories: executive functions tend to decline as people age but semantic knowledge continues to accrue. We investigated cognitive predictors of CET performance in healthy young and older adults. We found that better executive function was associated with more accurate estimation in both age groups. However, the effect of semantic knowledge on CET performance was significantly larger in older people, having no predictive power in the younger group. The ability to detect weak semantic associations, a measure of controlled semantic retrieval, also had divergent effects on CET performance in the two age groups. Our results provide empirical support for the idea that older people are more reliant on semantic knowledge when estimating quantities, which may explain why age-related decline in CET scores is not typically found. We conclude that deficits on the CET may be indicative either of semantic or executive impairments, particularly in older age groups.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Water Competencies, Drowning Risk and Aquatic Participation among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Stanley ◽  
Kevin Moran
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety

New Zealand has an aging population and, despite falling drowning tolls in all other age groups (WSNZ, 2019c), older adults have continued to drown in both increasing numbers and proportion. The reasons for this are not well understood since very little drowning research has focused on older people. A water safety survey (N = 389) seeking information on older adults’ aquatic recreational practices and perceptions of safety was conducted at the end of the summer season, 2019. Most adults (86%, n = 335) reported some aquatic activity in the previous year, but those aged 65+ years (66%) were significantly less likely than younger age groups to engage in aquatic recreation. Respondents aged 65+ years were less likely (74%) to perceive they could swim more than five minutes non-stop. We discuss the implications of lower perceived swimming and floating competence and less frequent participation in aquatic activities on risk of drowning.

Phenomenological Structuring of the Adult Lifespan as a Function of Age and Sex

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Shanan ◽  
Hannah S. Kedar
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
Age And Sex

The hypothesis that increasing differentiation in the phenomenological structure of the lifespan can be expected to occur during adolescence and early adulthood, stabilization during adulthood and a process of de-differentiation in the later part of life, was tested on eighty Israeli participants, age sixteen to seventy-eight. They were asked to divide the course of life into periods, starting at age eleven, and to mark the range of each period. As hypothesized the younger people perceived the lifespan as more differentiated (divided into more periods) whereas older people perceived it in a less differentiated way. There was consensus among the different age groups in their perception of the different stages of development. The earlier stages were viewed as more differentiated whereas the later periods were viewed in a more global way. In addition, women tended to perceive the lifespan as somewhat more differentiated than men; they also tended to perceive the pace of life as more rapid.

scholarly journals Alkohol och äldre

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Ramstedt
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Total Consumption Model ◽  
Related Mortality

M. Ramstedt: Alcohol use and related harms among older people in Sweden – not a marginal issue anymore There has been an increasing interest in drinking among older people in Sweden in recent years as today's older people drink more than previous generations and also constitute a larger part of the population. This paper examines survey data on drinking habits in combination with register data on alcohol-related harms to obtain a clearer picture of the importance of alcohol among older people in Sweden today. A clear majority older people in Sweden drink alcohol at least on a monthly basis; in 2007, the differences when compared to younger age groups were quite small. Still, as regards levels of drinking and frequency of binge drinking, older people drank less than younger age groups. In contrast to younger age groups who reported less drinking between 2002 and 2007, older age groups tended to have stable or increasing consumption. In addition, alcohol-related mortality and hospitalisation as well as drink-driving, have increased among older people in recent years but not among younger groups. Cohort effects and media reports of the beneficial effects of alcohol are brought up as plausible explanations for the results. Implications for the total consumption model and the theory of collectivity of drinking culture are also discussed.

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