scholarly journals Placental Vascular Obstructive Lesions: Risk Factor for Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Dix ◽  
Matthias Roth-Kleiner ◽  
Maria-Chiara Osterheld
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe neonatal disease affecting particularly preterm infants. Its exact pathogenesis still remains unknown. In this study, we have compared the prevalence of vascular obstructive lesions in placentae of premature newborns which developed NEC and of a control group. We further compared separately the findings of placentae of infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation, the age group in which NEC occurs most frequently. We found signs of fetal vascular obstructive lesions in 65% of the placentae of preterm patients developing NEC, compared to only 17% of the placentae of preterm patients in the control group. In the age groups below 30 weeks of gestation, 58.5% of placentae of later NEC patients presented such lesions compared to 24.5% in the control group. The significant difference between NEC and control group suggests a strong association between fetal vascular obstructive lesions and NEC. Therefore, we propose that fetal vascular obstructive lesions might be considered as a risk factor for the development of NEC in premature infants.

scholarly journals APOPTOSIS INDEX BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES IN REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Djoko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Apoptosis Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Esrd Patients

Many reports have documented apoptosis index in hemodialysis patients, but to date, no single study has directly compared the apoptosis index of males to females. Data on mortality rate among hemodialytic patients in the hemodialysis center at the Department of Internal Medicine Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia show a high number predominated by female patients. Therefore, to answer the question of whether there is a gender difference in apoptosis index, the researcher studied leukocyte responses in male and female hemodialysis patients. The apoptosis index of the sample was measured by indirect immunoassay method. Cell lyses, followed by immunochemical determination of histone-complexed DNA fragments in a microtiter plate wells. The apoptosis quantization was obtained by determining the amount of colored product spectrophotometrically. One hundred and four non-diabetic subjects who received hemodialysis (HD), and 24 normal controls (NC), were evaluated. The apoptosis index in ESRD patients group and control group showed no significant difference (0.6172 vs 0.4008, p=0.114), neither did it vary in both sexes and age groups. When the sex factor was analyzed (after exclusion from the diabetic ESRD patients), females apoptosis index was significantly higher than that of the males (0.7325 vs 0.55175, p<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis index in females among non-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis is higher than that occur in males and controls.

scholarly journals Perceptions of caregivers on immunization in Ntungamo district, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5729
Author(s):  
Byamukama Topher ◽  
Keraka M. Margaret ◽  
Gitonga Eliphas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity associated with infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of caregivers on immunization in Ntungamo district.Methods: Quasi-experimental study was used with health centres assigned to intervention and control groups. Purposive sampling was used to select the two counties where the study was done. Proportional sampling was done to get study samples from each health facility, while systematic sampling was done to get study participants. A total of 787 children from twelve health facilities provided the study sample. A post intervention evaluation was conducted to determine the effect of these interventions. Association of variables was tested using Mann Whitney U-test and Chi-square.Results: On benefits, most caregivers in the intervention group (85.3%) and in the control group (54.3%) regarded immunization as very highly and moderately beneficial to their children respectively. On risks, most caregivers in the intervention group (85.5%) and control group (43.1%) regarded the risk factor associated with immunization as very low and moderate respectively. From hypothesis testing, there was a significant difference on the perceived benefits and risks of immunization between the intervention and control group.Conclusions: Most caregivers in the intervention and control group regarded immunization as very highly beneficial and moderately to their children respectively. Most of the caregivers in the intervention and control group regarded the risk factor associated with immunization as very low and moderate respectively. 

scholarly journals Is there a correlation between GAD2 gene-243 A>G polymorphism and obesity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Camelia Alkhzouz ◽  
Diana Miclea ◽  
Marius Farcas ◽  
Simona Bucerzan ◽  
Georgiana Cabau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Transcriptional Effect ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: GAD2 gene encodes the glutamate decarboxylase enzyme which catalyses the transformation of glutamate into γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA. It is suggested that some polymorphic alleles of GAD2 gene, such as -243A>G, have an increased transcriptional effect compared with the wild type, which results in an increase of GABA in the hypothalamus with the subsequent increase of the neuropeptide Y, thus exacerbating the hunger centre and the appetite. The aim of this study was to observe an association between the -243A>G polymorphism with obesity, comparatively studying a group of obese patients and a group of patients with normal weight. Patients and method: 127 patients were clinically evaluated in the Genetic and Endocrine Department of Children’s Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj. The patients were included in two study groups, case group, with obesity (BMI higher than 97 kg/m2) and control group, with normal weight (BMI less than 97 kg/m2). Genotyping for GAD2-243A>G polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP technique, the two groups being compared regarding the genotypes and phenotypes. Results and conclusions: In the obesity group, there is a statistically significant difference in BMI (kg/m2) between the subgroups with different genotypes (p=0.01), the AA genotype being less severely affected than AG and GG genotypes. In the normal weight group there is no association between BMI and different genotypes (AA, AG or GG). Also, there is a greater distribution of GG genotypes and G allele in the obesity group compared with the control group, with an odds ratio which suggest that -243A>G polymorphism is a risk factor in obesity development (GG genotype OR=3.76, G allele OR=1.73, p=0.04). The finding of our study is important in explaining the multifactorial model of obesity, our research demonstrating that the GAD2-243 A> G variant could be a risk factor that added to other obesogenic factors would potentiate their effect.

Effect of Substrate Age and Adhesive Composition on Dentin Bonding

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Perdigão ◽  
Ana Sezinando ◽  
Paulo C Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Adhesive Composition ◽  
Dentin Adhesives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Substrate Age

SUMMARY Purpose To study the effect of dentin age and adhesive composition on the microtensile dentin bond strengths (μTBS) of five dentin adhesives. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted caries-free human teeth were assigned to the appropriate age group: less than 21 years of age (&lt;21), 21–40 years of age (21–40), and greater than 40 years of age (&gt;40). For each age group, specimens were randomly divided into five dentin adhesives: (1) Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), a one-step self-etch adhesive; (2) Experimental Adper Easy Bond without the Vitrebond Co-polymer (CP) (EBnoCP, 3M ESPE); (3) Adper Single Bond Plus (SB, 3M ESPE), a two-step etch&rinse adhesive; (4) Experimental Adper Single Bond Plus without CP (SBnoCP, 3M ESPE); and (5) Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP, 3M ESPE), a three-step etch&rinse adhesive, as the control group. Specimens were sectioned in X and Y directions and the resulting beams were tested to failure in tension mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was computed using t-test and two-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher least significant difference multiple comparison post hoc test at p &lt; 0.05. Results The highest mean μTBS values were obtained in the control group (MP) for all age groups. EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP for all age groups: p = 0.538 for (&lt;21); p = 0.974 for (21–40); and p = 0.909 for (&gt;40). SB resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP for all age groups [p&lt;0.009 for (&lt;21); p&lt;0.028 for (21–40); and p&lt;0.041 for (&gt;40)]. MP, the control group, resulted in statistically lower mean μTBS when applied to the oldest age group (&gt;40) compared to the youngest age group (&lt;21), at p &lt; 0.04. When means were pooled for the variable ‘age group,' SB resulted in significantly higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP at p &lt; 0.009, while EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP (p=0.9). MP resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than all other adhesives—SB (p&lt;0.0001), SBnoCP (p&lt;0.0001), EBnoCP (p&lt;0.022), and EB (p&lt;0.046). Conclusions The substrate age influenced the bonding ability of the three-step etch&rinse adhesive. The presence of a carboxylic-based polymer (CP) enhanced the bonding ability of the two-step etch&rinse adhesive.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Breast Milk Odor and Incubator Cover on Nutritional Adequacy of Premature Infants: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Saberi Louyeh ◽  
Mahin Naderifar ◽  
Hamed Faghihi ◽  
Brenda S. Lessen Knoll ◽  
Nasrin Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control

Background: Premature babies face nutritional problems caused by underdevelopment and lack of coordination between sucking, swallowing, and breathing. Appropriate early interventions are needed to promote the nutritional adequacy of these infants. Objectives: This study was designed to compare the effect of breast milk odor and incubator cover on the nutritional adequacy of premature infants. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 105 preterm infants aged 28 - 33 weeks who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital in Zahedan in 2018. The subjects were selected via convenience sampling and randomized into three groups: breast milk odor (BMO), incubator cover (IC), and control. Infants in the IC group were placed in an incubator for two hours before feeding. In the BMO group, a gauze soaked with breast milk was placed 1.5 cm away from the infant’s nose in the incubator, and a prescribed amount of milk was given by a syringe to the infant through the mouth. The amount of milk that the baby orally received in the first 10 min (nutritional adequacy) was recorded by a camera, and the results were compared in the three groups. Results: One-way analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the control group and the two groups of incubator cover and breast milk odor (P < 0.001) such that nutritional adequacy was lower in the control group than in the two other groups. Conclusions: Both the smell of breast milk and incubator cover improved the nutritional adequacy of premature infants and enabled them to orally receive more breast milk.

scholarly journals Study on Homocysteinemia as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Md Amjad Hossain Pramanik ◽  
Achinta Kumar Mallick ◽  
Mukul Kumar Sarkar ◽  
SM Emdadul Haque ◽  
Md Raseul Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
And Control

Despite recent advances, only two-third of all strokes can be attributed to known causal risk factors. Homocysteine (tHcy), a sulfur-containing amino acid, is now considered to be an important risk factor for vascular diseases, along with the established risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Elevated homocysteine levels play a causal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thromboembolism and vascular endothelial dysfunction with an increased incidence of ischemic stroke.  This study aimed to find out the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with ischemic stroke. A total of 100 subjects were included in this study, 50 were ischemic stroke patients enrolled as case, and 50 were normal healthy individuals enrolled as control. Serum homocysteine level was measured in both case and control groups. The comparison was made in both groups regarding other common risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, family history, etc.  Among 100 patients, 50 had ischemic stroke and 50 were healthy individuals. In this study, out of all patients, abnormal serum homocysteine level was found in 32% of cases and 12% of controls. The mean (±SD) serum homocysteine level was found 16.50±13.86 μmole/L in cases and 9.46±3.49 μmole /L in the control group. Significant (p<0.05) difference was found between the case and the control. The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia is higher in ischemic stroke cases than that in age-sex-matched healthy controls. In our study, serum homocysteine was high in both younger age group patients (16.65±14.55 μmole/L vs. 9.52±3.19 μmole/L) and older age group patients (16.33±9.87 vs. 9.35±3.97 μmole/L,) in case and control group respectively. Significant (p<0.05) difference was found between the case and the control. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal serum homocysteine is an independent risk factor of ischemic stroke. So we conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is an important and independent risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Hypertension and smoking are important contributory to elevated serum homocysteine. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 33-39

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Comparison in Patients with Subjective and Objective Clinical Findings of Temporomandibular Dysfunctions

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevgi Sener ◽  
Faruk Akgunlu
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myofacial Pain

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate the differences in healthy persons and patients with myofacial pain without limitation, objective signs of temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMDs), and both subjective and objective features with respect to age, gender, effects of TMDs on daily life, economic condition, smoking habit, marital status, and education. Methods: Sociodemographic information of 296 persons (212 females and 84 males) was evaluated. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to clinical findings: no TMD symptoms (control, C); myofacial pain without limitation (MP); objective signs (PWOS); or both subjective and objective features (MP/PWOS). Results: The C, MP, PWOS, and MP/PWOS groups comprised 64 (22%), 66 (22%), 68 (23%), and 98 (33%) subjects. PWOS and MP/PWOS differed significantly between the 15–30 and 30–45 year age groups. Although patients with PWOS were significantly higher in the 15–30 year age group, patients with MP/PWOS were significantly higher in the 30–45 year age group. A significant difference was observed with respect to gender in all groups except the control group. The effects of TMD symptoms on daily life differed statistically among the groups. Conclusions: Female gender is a risk factor for TMDs. Females are more vulnerable to subjective and objective signs than males. During general dental examinations, females should be checked for TMD symptoms. PWOS manifest before MP. Moreover, mechanical derangements can cause myofacial pain. MP can mostly affect daily life, but PWOS tend to be prohibitive. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:380-386)

scholarly journals The Effects of Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment on Intraventricular-periventricular hemorrhage (IVH-PVH) of Premature Infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajrija Maksić ◽  
Feriha Hadžagić-Ćatibušić ◽  
Suada Heljić ◽  
Jadranka Dizdarević
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroid ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Periventricular Hemorrhage

Intraventricular-periventricular hemorrhage (IVH-PVH) is the most frequent type of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants and the major cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children too.The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of prenatal corticosteroid treatment on the incidence of IVH-PVH in premature infants.The study enrolled 163 prematures of 26-34 weeks’ gestation. They have been divided into two groups: the experimental group (80/163), who have been treated with corticosteroids prenatally and control group (83/163), who have not received such treatment.There is statistically significant difference in IVH-PVH incidence between the experimental group (18/80) and control group (32/83) (χ2 =5,616, p<0,05).There is no statistically significant difference in Apgar score after 5 minutes between the experimental group and control group of IVH-PVH prematures, t= 0,121.There is no statistically significant difference in mean gestation age between the experimental group (30,74 weeks) and control group (29,97 weeks) of IVH-PVH prematures, t= 1,299.There is no statistically significant difference in mean birth weight between the experimental group (1479,44 grams) and control group (1379,37 grams) of IVH-PVH prematures, t= 0,913.Antenatal corticosteroid treatment of premature infants reduced the incidence of IVH-PVH significantly. There is no statistically significant difference in Apgar score after 5 minutes, mean gestation age and mean birth weight between the experimental and control group of IVH PVH prematures.

scholarly journals To study the carotid intima media thickness in patients of fatty liver disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Mahendra Chouhan ◽  
Archana Kansal ◽  
Sushma Trikha ◽  
Mayank Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Fatty liver is associated with several atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. It has also been related to insulin resistance. This association was found in NIDDM patients as well as in non-diabetic subjects. An increased intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown to be a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of the present study is to investigate associations between hepatic steatosis and the risk of atherosclerosis.Methods: The present study was carried out on 88 patients of fatty liver disease and 80 controls in the department of General Medicine. An approximate equal number of age and sex matched persons without fatty liver were selected randomly as controls. Both fatty liver disease patients (i.e NAFLD and AFLD) and control group were further divided into two categories, one with risk factor for atherosclerosis and other without risk factors. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were taken according to ATP III guidelines.Results: When comparison of mean CIMT was done in NAFLD, AFLD and controls in a particular age group, significant difference was found in mean CIMT (both sides) in age group 40-49 yrs (p value 0.03, 0.002 for right and left respectively). The difference was also significant in mean CIMT of right in age group 18-24 yrs (p value 0.015) and in >60 years (p value 0.03). Among, NAFLD patients, for left mean CIMT p value was 0.0001, for right mean CIMT p value was 0.0001. Among AFLD patients, for left mean CIMT p value was 0.006 and for right mean CIMT p value was 0.0022. Only statistically significant difference was found in mean CIMT (left) in grade II fatty liver (p value 0.04). NAFLD and controls without risk factors for atherosclerosis, mean CIMT (both side) in NAFLD was found to be significantly more than control (p value 0.04). AFLD patients and controls without risk factors for atherosclerosis, mean CIMT of both side in AFLD patients was found to be significantly more than controls (p value for left CIMT 0.02 and for right CIMT 0.00001).Conclusions: CIMT was found to increase with advancing age in all three group i.e. NAFLD, AFLD and control group. CIMT was more in patients of fatty liver disease (both NAFLD and AFLD) having risk factor for atherosclerosis as compared to those without risk factors. Both NAFLD and AFLD are associated with increased CIMT in comparison to control group. As such all NAFLD and AFLD patients should be investigated for carotid atherosclerosis, as its early detection and management may be helpful in limiting the inherent complications of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals C - reactive protein As An Immunopathological Prognostic Marker For Giardia Lamblia And Entamoeba Histolytica Associated Diarrhea Among Children Of Baghdad Governorate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy ◽  
Walaa Najm Abood ◽  
Rawaa Abulkhaleq Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the classic acute phase proteins. The study of induction of acute phase reactants synthesis in parasitic infections would aid in understanding the host parasite relationship.Methods: Seventy three children with parasitic diarrhea that proved through clinical and microbiological investigation were selected. Thirteen of selected children were infected with G.lamblia and the rest sixty were infected with E.histolytica . Nineteen of the control group was females while the rest eleven were males. Venous Blood were collected from patients and control group for detection of CRP level via latex agglutination test. Results : The high rate of infection was detected among the age group (19-36) months. The highest level of CRP was (192 mg/dl) while the lowest one was (12 mg/dl) with a mean level (51.20 mg/dl). the mean level of CRP in control group was (3.7500 mg/dl). positive significant correlations between CRP level and the age of infected children (r=0.290,p=0.013), the chronic infection with G.lamblia and E.histolytica (r=0.760,p=0.000) . Positive significant correlation between the age group and the chronic infection with G.lamblia and E.histolytica (r=0.493,p=0.000) . Significant difference was detected between the patients group and control group regarding the CRP level (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study proved that CRP level was increased in association with the age and chronic presentation of diarrhea caused by G.lamblia and E.histolytica and can be used as a non specific immunological marker for monitoring of clinical presentation of G.lamblia and E.histolytica associated diarrheal .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document