Old sources, new resources: finding the right formula for Boniface

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 15-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

Of all the many Anglo-Saxons who travelled to the Continent, some never to return, Boniface, apostle to the Germans, arguably had the deepest and most enduring inuence; for some, he is simply ‘the greatest Englishman’. But aside from Boniface's historical importance there is much of related interest for scholars of Anglo-Saxon literary culture too: not only does a wealth of hagiographical material survive relating to Boniface and his mission, but there remain a number of letters, poems, and other works written by Boniface himself, alongside a wide range of associated texts. Yet while the literary contexts and merits of (for example) Boniface's poetry have been discussed a number of times in recent years, the primary academic focus on the so-called ‘Bonifatian correspondence’ has tended to be historical, rather than literary. Such a focus has tended to privilege those letters with political or administrative implications above those that deal with more domestic or personal issues, yet it is precisely the latter category which shows the less formal aspects of Anglo-Saxon literary culture, and seems to invite closer comparison with a range of other texts. In particular, the innately repetitious and formulaic quality of much of the correspondence has much in common with that of several other areas of Anglo-Saxon literature in both Latin and Old English, whether in prose or verse, and this article seeks to explore those links in detail, in order to offer a broader literary context for the composition of the correspondence as a whole.

scholarly journals Deviation of the behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Ihar O. Yeutukhou Yeutukhou
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Old English ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the deviant violations of the accepted behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society, reflected in Old English charters. The article deals with only one form of deviant violation of the paradigm of behavior – crime. The old English lawsuits charters were chosen as the object of analysis. The author proves that the reaction of society to the offense was placed in a wide range of forcing: from confiscation to expulsion and outlawing. In charters of the 10th century (Fonthill letter, charter S 1455; the expulsion of Æðelsig for stealing a pig, charter S 886; the confiscation of Æðelflӕda estate for the help for her exiled brother Leofsin, charter S 926) uses verbs flyman, afliman, exulare with the semantics ‘to expel, to force, to flee’. In the charters of the 11th century (the lawsuit of the widow in Ailsworth and her son, charter S 1377), the word utlah, from which the modern outlaw derives, is used instead of these verbs. Thus, the author shows that the control over the maintenance of the paradigm of behavior in the equilibrium state was two-level. The first level of impact was the confiscation of property in the case of a single crime not involving with attempt on the life of another person. The second level of influence was the outlawing of a person for the re-theft or the murder of one or more people. The king and Bishop had the right to apply last measure. However, some serious crimes related to the murders and robbery (crimes of Wulfbald and his widow, charter S 877) were not connected with the expulsion. The reasons for this are unknown due to the fragmentary preservation of the sources. In particular, it is not known how the story of Wulfbald’s widow ended.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

scholarly journals ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL EXTENDED SERVICES PERFORMED BY MALAYSIAN COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS, PERCEPTIONS AND BARRIERS TOWARDS IT’S PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazri Nordin ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽  
Azmi Sarriff
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

Objective: Aims of this review were to identify actual or potential extended services performed in community pharmacy settings, perceptions among community pharmacists (CPs), general practitioners (GPs), consumers and policymakers of these extended services and barriers towards its performance.Methods: A literature review was conducted, using Google Scholar and PubMed as a searching engine.Results: Identifying eight quality full texts to review which fulfil the inclusion searching criteria, revealing a wide range of actual or potential extended services performed by CPs such as counselling on asthma, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, diabetes, smoking cessation and self-medication. GPs’ perceptions towards these extended services were varied, not or in favour of CPs to perform some actual or potential extended services. Customers were in favour of CPs to perform these actual or potential extended services whereas CPs indicated a few barriers towards the performance of these actual or potential extended services.Conclusion: As a conclusion, CPs in Malaysia were in the right position to perform the actual or potential extended services, collaborating with GPs to promote better medication use and enhance patients’ quality of life. Some barriers towards these extended services must be intervened in order to enhance the quality of the services.

Rectifying a Chronicle of Contradictions: The Political Context of Abraham Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Patrick V. Day
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The West ◽  
Advisory Body ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Divine Kingship

Abraham Wheelock’s first edition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle appeared at the height of the First English Civil War in 1643, and it is often treated by modern critics as an appendix to the Old English Historia Ecclesiastica to which it is attached. This paper argues that the Chronicle participated in a larger royalist campaign to establish the West Saxons as the institutional forbears of the first two Stuart kings. The West Saxon genealogies authorize a seventeenth-century conception of patriarchal, divine kingship when they trace Alfred to the biblical Adam. Alternatively, the medieval Chronicle presents the advisory body of the Anglo-Saxons, the witan, as a potentially restrictive force upon the monarchy—an image incompatible with a royalist agenda. Wheelock mediates the contradictory presence of the powerful witan by diminishing its historical importance through excision, substitution, and inconsistent translation so that the Chronicle may more easily conform to early modern perceptions of absolutist kingship.

Advocacy and Coordination of Services

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Wanda Jean Rainbolt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Educators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adapted Physical Educators ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Consumer Advocates ◽  
Architectural Barriers

Adapted physical educators are spending much of their time and energy advocating for the right of all children and youth to a high quality of physical education service delivery and the elimination of attitudinal, aspirational, and architectural barriers experienced by handicapped persons. Prior to the 1960s, lawyers or legal advocates were the ones who would plead the cause for others. Since then, however, three types of advocates have evolved: citizen, professional, and consumer advocates. Adapted physical educators are professional advocates, but they must have an understanding of the other types of advocates. The purpose of this article is to acquaint adapted physical educators with the job function of advocacy, the history of advocacy, and the many roles advocates play.

Histories and surveys of Old English literature: a chronological review

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 201-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Literary History ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Old English Literature ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Main Tendency ◽  
Special Quality

Literary history emerges when critical readers in sufficient number move beyond primary recognition of individual texts into a secondary awareness of a scheme, a sense of the connections that exist between these texts.1 Literary history considers the development of a whole body of literature, tracing multifarious influences and innovations through time. In the course of Anglo-Saxon studies the slow and sporadic reappearance of the literary remains resulted in the late nourishing of a schematic or historical overview. As Wellek reminds us, ‘the antiquarian study of Anglo-Saxon remained…outside the main tendency towards literary history’2 that occurred in late-seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century England. So, too, the special quality of Old English poetry itself contributed to the laggard creation of a history. It is difficult to map the path of a literature in which all dating is only good guessing and in which a tenaciously conservative oral—formulaic style makes attempts at suggesting influence hazardous.

Effects of electrical stimulation on meat quality of bison striploin steaks and ground patties

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ding ◽  
A.R. Rodas-González ◽  
Ó. López-Campos ◽  
J. Galbraith ◽  
M. Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
The Right

As bison is characteristically dark in colour, this study was conducted to determine if high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) could improve the colour and other quality characteristics in bison, similar to positive effects of HVES previously observed in beef. Forty bison bull carcasses were split and HVES (400 V peak, 5 ms pulses at 15 pulses s−1 for 30 s) was applied to the right sides and subsequently evaluated for grade characteristics, metabolic activity, and quality characteristics. The bison carcasses used in this study had a wide range of lean and fat, with minimal marbling. In the present study, HVES had no effect on bison quality traits, sensory attributes, retail display characteristics, nor the glycolytic metabolites (P > 0.05) except lactate. Inherent differences in muscle fibre type or physical carcass differences may have influenced the response to the electrical parameters used in the present study and merits further investigation.

The sources of the Old English Martyrology

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Rauer
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Old English Martyrology ◽  
Literary Legacy

For much of the ninth century, Anglo-Saxon interest in literary culture was apparently not as great as it could have been. Medieval and modern commentators have spoken of a pronounced early-ninth-century neglect of English libraries, which seems to have affected contemporary literature as well as the literary legacy which had been inherited from the seventh and eighth centuries. It appears that fewer books and texts were produced; the Latin texts produced may to some extent have been of inferior linguistic quality, and were, so it would seem, used with greater difficulties by a smaller and less educated readership. Comparatively fewer books seem to have survived the ninth century than any other period of Anglo-Saxon history.

scholarly journals Innovation on the example of logistics

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Puszko
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Turbulent Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Actual Effectiveness ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Efficiency Orientation

Businesses operating in turbulent environments must look for ways that will allow them to survive, grow, succeed and increase efficiency. The need to be effective, flexible and innovative is imperative for the functioning and development of modern enterprises. Efficiency is characterized by a wide range of content, as it relates to effects, goals, expenditures and costs in terms of structure and dynamics. Efficiency is an ambiguous and differently interpreted notion of economy, business, process, finance, motivation or logistics. Logistics is an efficiency orientation based on the comprehensive analysis and shaping of the optimum level and structure of outlays and their transformation into costs, where the primary role is to strive for the right level and quality of service and customer service. Considering the effectiveness issue it should be noted that it has not only a real but also a potential dimension. It is therefore important in the systemic sense of the effectiveness of logistics to study not only actual effectiveness but also potential effectiveness. In terms of the subject matter studied, the following basic characteristics of the system are important: stability, adaptability and innovation. Therefore, the article describes the theoretical bases of effectiveness and the place and importance of innovative in efficiency, with particular emphasis on logistics.

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