FRATERNITY, INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND SACRIFICE: A REPLY TO GUI AND NELSON

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigino Bruni ◽  
Robert Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Personal Costs ◽  
Guilt Aversion

This paper responds to Gui and Nelson's separate comments on our paper ‘Fraternity’, which analysed sociality in markets as joint commitment to mutual assistance. We argue that our analysis is fundamentally different both from Nelson's analysis (a mixture of self-interested and intrinsic motivations) and from that provided by theories of warm glow or guilt aversion, as discussed by Gui. We agree with Gui that, in initiating and maintaining cooperative relationships, individuals sometimes incur personal costs to benefit others without any certainty of reciprocation, but we argue that the intentions underlying such actions are cooperative rather than self-sacrificing.

ON MUTUAL BENEFIT AND SACRIFICE: A COMMENT ON BRUNI AND SUGDEN'S ‘FRATERNITY’

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Gui
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Guilt Aversion

This note comments on Bruni and Sugden's interesting notion of fraternity among contract partners as joint commitment to cooperate for mutual benefit. I raise two points on their paper, both concerning the role of sacrifice. First I maintain that, differently from other social preferences, guilt aversion (or warm glow) does not imply self-sacrifice. Secondly, I argue that aiming for mutual benefit does not prevent individuals from facing trade-offs between their own and their partners’ surplus, so the notion of sacrifice cannot be entirely eschewed. To the contrary, reciprocal ‘sacrifices’ enhance cooperative intentions and help create feelings of friendliness.

Meaningful and Complex Work: An Exercise to Help Students Understand Intrinsic Motivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Blair ◽  
Kelly G. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Inductive Learning ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations are simple concepts that our students seem to quickly understand, yet few of our students grasp the complexity of sustaining intrinsic motivation. This exercise aims to help students better understand that complexity. Students are given a two-part scenario. In Part 1, the individual motives to innovate are intrinsic (e.g., to have societal impact); in Part 2, the individual is faced with realities that constrain the impact of the innovation (e.g., policies to protect idea ownership and profit). The scenario is purposefully based on an important topic unfamiliar to students (childhood cancer research), which provides an opportunity for inductive learning, and keeps student perceptions between Part 1 and Part 2 separate. The exercise allows for discussion of motivation theory, incentives, ethical decision making, and transformational leadership. In advanced entrepreneurship classes the exercise may help students understand intrapreneurship and technology commercialization. The exercise pairs well with Kerr’s classic article, “The folly of rewarding A . . . ,” on the juxtaposition between goals and incentives. Suggestions for an article and video on childhood cancer research are also provided for the instructor to use to increase perceptions of validity of the scenario. Target audiences for this exercise include undergraduate, graduate, and executive groups.

scholarly journals Towards Digital Sustainability: Profiles of Millennial Reviewers, Reputation Scores and Intrinsic Motivation Matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Alejandro García-Jurado ◽  
José Javier Pérez-Barea ◽  
Francisco Fernández-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Social Relatedness ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Over Time

Profiles of millennial reviewers and gamification can contribute to digital sustainability as a driver of innovation and growth. The study aims to detect if there are profiles of reviewers that can be grouped together, in order to apply a specific gamification to them and to make it sustainable over time. In this way, more information will be generated through the reviews that will help responsible consumers to choose better in their purchase decisions. The objective of this study is twofold. First, it aims to characterize online product reviewers based on their intrinsic motivations and self-perception when they comment, identifying their main motivations. Second, it aims to classify these individuals based on the acceptance of gamification elements while commenting on and relating them to the intrinsic attributes that determine their behaviors. A survey method design was used to capture responses from 187 millennial reviewers of Amazon in Spain. The relationships between motivations and the types of reviewer were extracted from the accommodation of the dataset using decision trees (DTs), specifically, the J48 algorithm. To contribute to the second objective, this paper elaborates a typology of reviewer analysis based on cluster analysis and DTs. It is confirmed that online product reviewers can be characterized based on their intrinsic motivations, which are mainly egoistic motives, competence and social relatedness. The obtained results show that the J48 DT provides excellent classification accuracy of approximately 95% in identifying reviewers based on intrinsic motivations. Similarly, egoistic intrinsic motives are decisive in focusing gamification strategies.

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on work engagement in the hospitality industry: Test of motivation crowding theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Diraksa Putra ◽  
Seonghee Cho ◽  
Juan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Workplace Environment ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Motivation Crowding ◽  
Intrinsic Motivators ◽  
Research Impacts

The aim of this study was to examine extrinsic and intrinsic motivations as the antecedents of work engagement and to empirically test the motivation crowding theory using hospitality employees. The findings showed that intrinsic motivation played an important role in improving employees’ work engagement. The study also found that there was no indication that employees’ intrinsic motivation diminished when extrinsic motivation entered. It is also suggested that employers need to understand that creating a comfortable workplace environment and making jobs more interesting and meaningful will increase employees’ intrinsic motivation, which will help employees to engage more at work. Motivational antecedents of work engagement have been rarely studied and no studies have been conducted to research impacts of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators on employees’ work engagement in the hospitality industry, particularly in small restaurant businesses. In addition, empirical studies on motivation crowding theory are needed due to the inconclusive results.

scholarly journals Do nudges crowd out prosocial behavior?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Erik Gråd ◽  
Arvid Erlandsson ◽  
Gustav Tinghög
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Good News ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Crowding Effects ◽  
Crowd Out

Abstract Both theory on motivational crowding and recent empirical evidence suggest that nudging may sometimes backfire and actually crowd out prosocial behavior, due to decreased intrinsic motivation and warm glow. In this study, we tested this claim by investigating the effects of three types of nudges (default nudge, social norm nudge, and moral nudge) on donations to charity in a preregistered online experiment (N = 1098). Furthermore, we manipulated the transparency of the nudges across conditions by explicitly informing subjects of the nudges that were used. Our results show no indication that nudges crowd out prosocial behavior; instead, all three nudges increased donations. The positive effects of the nudges were driven by the subjects who did not perceive the nudges as attempts to manipulate their behavior, while donations among subjects who felt that the nudges were manipulative remained unaffected. Subjects’ self-reported happiness with their choice also remained unaffected. Thus, we find no indication that nudges crowded out warm glow when acting altruistically. Generally, our results are good news for the proponents of nudges in public policy, since they suggest that concerns about unintended motivational crowding effects on prosocial behavior have been overstated.

scholarly journals Are Need for Affect and Cognition Culture-Dependent? Implications for Global Public health Campaigns: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Bei Zhu ◽  
Chunlan Yuan ◽  
Chao Chao ◽  
Jiaofeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Need For Affect ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

Abstract Background: Cultural differences in affective and cognitive intrinsic motivations could introduce challenges to global public health campaigns, which use cognitive or affective goals to evoke desired attitudes and proactive health-promoting actions. This study aimed to demonstrate cross-cultural differences in affective and cognitive intrinsic motivations, and discuss the potential value of this information in public health promotion.Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using cross-culturally validated need for affect (NFA) and need for cognition (NFC) scales, was carried out among 1166 Chinese participants and compared to published data from 980 American participants. Additionally, we assessed a highly prevalent symbolic geriatric health condition, hearing loss, in 500 community-dwelling seniors. MANOVA test and Hedge’s g statistic were employed to compare the NFA and NFC levels between individuals from different countries and between seniors with and without hearing loss. The relation of early healthcare seeking intention to NFA and NFC was also explored.Results: The primary Chinese sample demonstrated decreased NFA and NFC in contrast to their American peers. This difference was preserved in the senior sample. Moreover, seniors with hearing loss had even lower NFA and NFC than those without hearing loss. Intention for early healthcare seeking was low but was associated with intrinsic motivation.Conclusions: There was a general lack of affective and cognitive intrinsic motivation in Chinese individuals, particularly in seniors with hearing loss, compared with their American peers. These differences, point to a potential challenge in framing effective messages for some cultures in the geriatric public health domain. Ideally, recognizing and understanding this challenge will inspire consideration of novel persuasive strategies for these audiences.

scholarly journals ETIKA PROFESI KEGURUAN TINJAUAN HADITS RASULULLAH SAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Zulhammi Zulhammi
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Teacher Ethics

In an Islamic perspective, for a reference to the ethics of the teacher profession which can refer to the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad, because he as an apostle has a superior quality personality as a teacher and guide.The ethics of the teaching profession includes the ethics of the teacher towards himself, among others, being able to be responsible for his scientific insight and expertise and having to practice the knowledge he has in order to benefit himself and benefit others. Teachers' ethics towards their students, they understand the condition of their students, try to transfer knowledge to students until they understand, uphold self-esteem, integrity and never demean their dignity. Teachers' ethics towards peers include, among other things, that teachers should not make false statements regarding the qualifications and competence of peers and not cause conflicts with peers. Teacher ethics towards parents of students include teachers trying to foster effective and efficient cooperative relationships and deliberation in carrying out the educational process. Teacher professional ethics towards the community, among others, teachers must have the ability to communicate well with the community. Teacher ethics in this case concerns their concern for social problems, mutual cooperation, mutual assistance, egalitarianism (equality between humans), tolerance, and so on.

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