Multilingualism and Language Contact: An Introduction

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Richard Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Geographical Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
General Topic

Various facets of the general topic of multilingualism have been dealt with in previous ARAL volumes and as a major substantive focus in Volumes 6 and 14. Nonetheless, it does not seem at all surprising that we return to the topic in Volume 17 given the worldwide incidence of the phenomenon and the attention, and often controversy, which it arouses. Despite pressures and influences toward commonality from a seemingly pervasive mass media, the residents of the world continue to speak an amazing array of mutually unintelligible languages (see, for example, Bright 1992, Cheshire 1991, Comrie 1987, Edwards 1995). These languages vary in typological characteristics, geographical spread, and number of speakers. If written, they also vary in terms of the type of system that is used to record them (e.g., alphabetic, logographic, syllabic-alphabetic).

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Language Contact

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Peter Hans Nelde
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

Regardless of one's gastronomic persuasion, the point of the questions above have nothing to do with food; rather, they have to do with language. Even if a person speaks no German, French or Italian, words like wienerschnitzel, vinaigrette, and cappucino are very likely part of his or her vocabulary, the result of contact between speakers of English and those of other languages, leading to the introduction of foreign words into English. Although this little culinary example is not by itself significant, it does represent a phenomenon that is extremely widespread throughout the world, since contact between speakers of different languages is the rule rather than the exception. Thus, language contact and its consequences constitute a very rich area of linguistic inquiry.

Medijsko opismenjavanje odraslih u funkciji cjeloživotnog učenja: loše strane vremenskih prognoza

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Fahira Fejzić Čengić
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
The State ◽  
Good Information ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Media Credibility ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Complex Knowledge

In our era, the epoch of the mass media, the simplest and the most complex knowledge and experience is being increasingly presented or jointly shaped by young journalists, junior editors or relatively young media owners. The state of youth generally corresponds with more insufficiently articulated bright and classic, literary and timeless knowledge. Furthermore, the state of youth, which dominates the mass media scene in our environment, does not have enough field of experience as important guideline of a good professionalism. In theory, good information is a result of three journalist’s experience: the experience of a specific message (event), the earlier experience and pervious level of education. Now, how to compensate the leak of one of those elements on everyday basis? I am going to analyse a very simple, generally known and very important example in the „world of life” – the matter of „weather forecast” or „weather information”. It is becoming important yet even more sensational. For media credibility, even regarding this information, the classic and background knowledge is exceedingly important in addition to modern views „through telescopes-satellites”.

scholarly journals Russia and Spain in the mirror of journalistic discourse: metaphors and stereotypes

2010 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
M. V. LARIONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
National Stereotypes

В условиях современного информационного общества СМИ играют ведущую роль в формировании и закреплении в сознании национальных стереотипов как особых концептуальных образований, содержащих устойчивые мнения, суждения о какой-либо нации. Газетно-публицистический дискурс, активно тиражируя используемые журналистами этностереотипы, не только отражает специфику национального сознания, но и способствует усилению прагматического воздействия текстов политической коммуникации на существующую в сознании читателей картину мира. В статье на примере сложившихся представлений о России и Испании рассматриваются процессы моделирования с помощью стереотипов и метафор образа одной нации в ментальном пространстве носителей иной лингвокультуры. Marina V. Larionova Russia and Spain in the mirror of journalistic discourse: metaphors and stereotypes In the information-oriented society mass media accomplish a key mission creating and consolidating in human minds national stereotypes defined as specific conceptual formations which contain established opinions, judgements referring to any nation. The journalistic discourse, actively multiplicating ethno stereotypes used by the press, not only reflects specifics of national consciousness, but also promotes pragmatic influence of texts of political communication on the reader's conceptual anticipation of the world. Using the example of traditional stereotypes of Russia and Spain, the article examines the process of modelling by means of stereotypes and conceptual metaphors of the image of one nation in the mentality of the bearers of another national idiomatic culture.

scholarly journals IMAGE-CREATED MEDIA INSTRUMENTS IN THE STATE IMAGE FORMATION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Chekalyk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
The World ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Image Integrity

The article represents the following aspects: the main principles of national mass media activity, the methods of image creation of a state, the analyses of interrelation in image creation of a state and mass media. This scientific study intends to provide professional analysis of the article’s author as an image-maker as well as assessmentfeedback from the point of view of a media psychological readiness to accept a public persona offered by image-makers. This text proposes the several methods how to create image and how to define the terms. The author treats a state image as an internal and external image of a country, which is formed and fixed in mass consciousness of citizens under influence of mass media, distinguished by men and economical, political, ecological as well as others factors. This article is devoted to the study of state image of Ukraine; press about the state image; integrity and incompatibility perception of information materials of Ukraine by the world society. The image, shown in press, is made by image carrier and information audience.

scholarly journals „Efekt aureoli” i „efekt uczestnictwa” a niezależność prawników-naukowców

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Jolanta Jabłońska-Bonca
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Occupational Roles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ethics Of Research ◽  
The Mass Media

“THE EFFECT OF AUREOLE” AND “EFFECT OF PARTICIPATION” IN THE LIGHT OF INDEPENDENCE OF LAWYERS-SCIENTISTSThe purpose of the text is to signal the need to investigate the conditions for the preserva­tion of the independence of lawyers who practice and simultaneously engage in science. Research independence is understood in the text as loyalty to the principles of methodology and ethics of research. There have been, and will be, lawyers-scientists who are creative, well-skilled to do re­search, and also autonomous, capable of criticizing the status quo, striving for truth no matter what the consequences. In the 21st century, being in such aposition is getting harder and harder. This is due to the fact that many lawyers-scientists concurrently perform important social and occupational roles besides scientific research. The article focuses on two examples of conditions that hinder the preservation of independence and entice lawyers-scientists into the world of politics and ideology. It is: a the activity of lawyers-scientists in the mass media and the consequences of the so-called “aureole effect”, as well as b the “dual occupancy” and the meaning of “participation effect”.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mass-Media on Social Behavior, Emotions and Cognitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandu ◽  
◽  
Polixenia Nistor ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

Mass media affects its consumers primarily in their cognitive dimension, by changing the image of the world - in this sense that the media becomes a vector of social influence, by changing the cognitions of individuals - but also by changing the shared social constructs within membership groups. The stated role of the media is to inform target audiences about events of interest in the field-specific to the activity of the media trust, but also to convey opinions, ideas, and views on those events in a way that is as complete and as complex as possible, allowing recipients to build their own opinions or adhere to one or another of the opinions expressed. This article deals with the ethics of mass communication when faced with a window of opportunity which allows an easier promotion of ideas or interests, taking into account the theory of life as a spectacle promoted by Erwin Goffman.

scholarly journals Konsep Islam Wasathiyah Sebagai Wujud Islam Rahmatan lil ‘alamin: Peran Nu dan Muhammadiyah dalam Mewujudkan Islam Damai di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Zainun Wafiqatun Niam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Support ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

The one of anxieties facing Muslims is about acts of violence in the name of Islam. Qur'an has mentioned that the Prophet was sent on earth as a mercy (rahmah) to the universe, and then the “rahmah” in question is to be implemented as such? Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world is famous for Islam that is able to merge with the diversity of race, religion and culture. One of the things that influenced one of them is the existence of the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia NU and Muhammadiyah who always try to show Islam wasathiyah and rahmah. The existence of NU and Muahammadiyah is believed to be a great support to the peace of Indonesia with all its diversity. This paper is intended to further explore the concept of wasathiyah NU and Muhammadiyah in an effort to realize a peaceful Islam in Indonesia. The research method used is literature research using resources such as books, journal articles and mass media to analyze the concept of Islamic organization NU and Muhammadiyah. The results show that NU and Muhammadiyah carry the same concept to show the peaceful face of Islam that can unite with the differences. This is evidenced by the concept brought by each of both Islam Nusantara and Islam berkemajuan.

Children's Literature about Africa

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
African History ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Library Users ◽  
The World ◽  
School Curricula

Although the quantity of children's literature about Africa has been increasing rapidly in recent years--probably more has been published since 1960 than in the preceding three decades--the total volume is small and mediocre. Children's literature in this discussion refers to books written especially for children up to twelve or thirteen years of age. Somewhat over half the books which have been written for this age group are geographies, animal stories, and factual compendia with titles like First Book of Liberia, Getting to Know Tanganyika, Land and People of South Africa, and so on. Young persons are likely to use such books in connection with school assignments or purely for pleasure (in the case of animal stories), but they will gain little understanding of African peoples and cultures from them. The smaller segment of children's books about Africa is comprised of storybooks and factual presentations of African history and contemporary African life. Some of these books are sufficiently attractive to catch the attention of library users and of children whose parents are affluent enough to buy books for them. But do these books help create an understanding of the peoples and cultures of Africa? This question is especially pertinent since school curricula still devote relatively little attention to Africa, despite its increased importance on the world scene, and television, radio, movies, and other mass media to which children have access often do little or nothing to promote an understanding of Africa and its people.

Od kultury popularnej do geopolityki popularnej

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (297) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Jarosław Macała
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Order ◽  
Popular Geopolitics

A large portion of geopolitical research of the last decades, especially geopolitical criticism, undertakes the concept of the importance of culture, value and identity in explaining the relation between the space and politics, which was an aspect underappreciated by classical and neoclassical geopolitics. It might be assumed that the currently growing role of popculture and mass-media in our lives lead to the establishment of a kind of a “cultural order”, a particular filter that decides on the perception of the world and, consequently, geopolitics. This article relates to this issue as it deals with the meaning of popular culture in contemporary geopolitical research, mostly accentuated by popular geopolitics. This review briefly analyses what popular geopolitics is, how to sketch its research area, stages of development, applied definitions and research methods. The starting point is the assumption that the hegemonic structure of geographical/geopolitical thinking that the elites are trying to impose on the society by using popcultural artifacts may, in fact, be reconstructed thanks to popular geopolitics studies. It shows the scale and reach of resistance towards such imaginations as displayed by the non-elites, who also reach for symbols, texts and images from popular culture. Such circumstances allow to observe either legitimizing or debunking a particular view of the world and geopolitics.

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