The determinants of baby talk: relationship to context

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D'Odorico ◽  
Fabia Franco
Keyword(s):  
Informational Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Baby Talk ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between context and mothers' speech to prelinguistic infants. In the first phase, videorecordings of a mother talking with her infant were transcribed; in the second phase, 48 mothers were asked to select the utterance most apt for a series of drawings representing different contexts of mother–infant interaction. Data analyzed with respect to syntactic and semantic features revealed that the informational content of mothers' speech is different in relation to various contexts. Furthermore, different syntactic types are chosen in relation to different contents. Results are discussed in relation to a hypothesis assuming that mothers' speech is determined by particular interactive rules operating in the mother–infant dyad.

Theoretical Approaches to the Functions of Indefinite Pronouns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This chapter focuses on various theoretical approaches to the semantic and syntactic functions of indefinite pronouns. It begins with a discussion of structuralist semantics, which suggests that language is a system whose parts must be defined and described on the basis of their place in the system and their relation to each other, rather than on the basis of their own intrinsic properties. It then considers some of the problems associated with structuralist semantics, including the unclear status of the semantic features; significant overlap of the functions of grammatical items in many areas, including indefinite pronouns; and structuralist semantics makes wrong predictions about semantic change. The chapter proceeds by analysing logical semantics and the issues raised by this approach, along with syntactic approaches, the theory of mental spaces, pragmatic scales and scale reversal. Finally, it explains the relationship between focusing and sentence accent.

scholarly journals Coherent Precipitation and Strengthening in Compositionally Complex Alloys: A Review

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Shujie Pang ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Chuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Alloy Strength ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
The Relationship

High-performance conventional engineering materials (including Al alloys, Mg alloys, Cu alloys, stainless steels, Ni superalloys, etc.) and newly-developed high entropy alloys are all compositionally-complex alloys (CCAs). In these CCA systems, the second-phase particles are generally precipitated in their solid-solution matrix, in which the precipitates are diverse and can result in different strengthening effects. The present work aims at generalizing the precipitation behavior and precipitation strengthening in CCAs comprehensively. First of all, the morphology evolution of second-phase particles and precipitation strengthening mechanisms are introduced. Then, the precipitation behaviors in diverse CCA systems are illustrated, especially the coherent precipitation. The relationship between the particle morphology and strengthening effectiveness is discussed. It is addressed that the challenge in the future is to design the stable coherent microstructure in different solid-solution matrices, which will be the most effective approach for the enhancement of alloy strength.

scholarly journals Analysis of partnerships for actions intra-sectoral and inter-sectors for health in areas of high socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of São Paulo/Brazil: a mixed method study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Melo Bezerra ◽  
Iara Coelho Zito Guerriero
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Basic Health Units

Abstract Context Since poverty areas are socioeconomic complex and limiting environments, there is a need to develop intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral actions in the health territory in order to achieve the economic and social well-being of people and society. This research aims to understand the relationship between inter-sectorial and inter-sectoral actions for health and socio-environmental groupings of the most vulnerable health territories in the city of São Paulo, identify which are the most frequent partners of these actions and how professionals experience these partnerships in their daily lives.Method We adopted the mixed sequential and explanatory method. In the first phase, an online form is applied and identifies the Basic Health Units (BHU) that take place as intersectoral actions with more partners. In the second phase, we explored how the professionals consider the characteristics of the territory where they act to seek partnerships and how they carry out the actions.Results Analysis of quantitative data indicated that: a) More than 98% of BHUs conduct intra- and inter-sectoral partnerships and b) there is no relationship between the indices of the most vulnerable groupings and the presence of intra- and inter-sectoral actions with statistical significance p <0.05. The content analysis of literal transcriptions pointed out that: intra- and inter-sectoral practices developed in the health territories were driven by the needs of the treatment of diseases or by the precarious conditions of life of individual or collectivities. However, in order to assist different types of violence, health professionals avoid seeking partnerships, including with the Tutelary Council and the Center for Human Rights, as they fear they will suffer reprisals by those who cause this violence. There was consistency between quantitative and qualitative data, except for partnership with education, other BHUs, environment, and the Tutelary Council.Conclusion The construction of personalized partnerships for individual and collective health, in order to cope with social inequalities; of chronic diseases and by phases of the life cycle involved in socioeconomic fragilities that generate more poverty is part of the job from BHU’s professionals.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Millennials and Brand Loyalty: Mediating Brand Loyalty Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Dhameeth, S. Gehan ◽  
Ochi, Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Residual ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to identify factors (brand elements) that mediate between Millennials and brand loyalty, and to test a theoretical model that includes these mediating factors in describing the relationship between millennials and brand loyalty. The study focused on the key factors that we identified and hypothesized to mediate the relationship between millennials and brand loyalty. The quantitative study surveyed two hundred and fifty-three (n=253) respondents randomly drawn. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test a model of the relationship between the mediating factors, millennials and brand loyalty. All model fit parameters were well within acceptable bounds. The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.999, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.018, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) was 0.022. However, we believe that the model is over-fitting the data, and this is not surprising given that there are 22 variables and 253 data points. These results show promise, but require further investigation in a second phase of the inquiry. This study limited itself to surveying millennials, brand loyalty, and the seven mediating factors we identified and hypothesized to play a role in mediating between them. Based on this study, brand management strategies are proposed.</em><em></em></p>

Performance of Ghanaian women businesses community: the moderating role of social competence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ayorkor Sallah ◽  
Livingstone Divine Caesar
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the moderating dynamics of social competence in the relationship between intangible resources and the performance of women businesses from an emerging market context. Developed economy literature provides ample evidence of a positive relationship between intangible resources and the performance of women business ventures. Little is known of the complexity of this orthodoxy in developing markets such as Ghana. In particular, this paper investigates the moderating role of social competence in the relationship between intangible resources available to women entrepreneurs and performance. Design methodology approach An exploratory sequential mixed method research design was used. First phase involved qualitative data collected through interviews, and the second phase was quantitative data collected from 264 participants. Content analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. Findings Social competence is important to the success of women businesses as it influences the outcome of entrepreneurial interactions and communications. Also, it positively moderated the relationship between organisational reputational capital (RC) and women business growth. On the flip side, it negatively moderated the relationship between human capital, social capital, individual RC and women business growth. Practical implications To sustainably grow their businesses, women entrepreneurs must ascertain the right level of social competence needed. The utilization of social competence at higher rather than lower levels could mean more costs and more training for which the business may not have immediate use. Originality value This paper advocates the need to improve the content of entrepreneurial training packages to include the reinforcement of social competency skills in terms of relationship management as this may be the key to the facilitation of access to resources for innovation and growth.

scholarly journals Alloying and Processing Effects on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Degradation Behavior of Extruded Magnesium Alloys Containing Calcium, Cerium, or Silver

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bohlen ◽  
Sebastian Meyer ◽  
Björn Wiese ◽  
Bérengère J. C. Luthringer-Feyerabend ◽  
Regine Willumeit-Römer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Microstructure Development ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
The Relationship

Magnesium alloys attract attention as degradable implant materials due to their adjustable corrosion properties and biocompatibility. In the last few decades, especially wrought magnesium alloys with enhanced mechanical properties have been developed, with the main aim of increasing ductility and formability. Alloying and processing studies allowed demonstrating the relationship between the processing and the microstructure development for many new magnesium alloys. Based on this experience, magnesium alloy compositions need adjustment to elements improving mechanical properties while being suitable for biomaterial applications. In this work, magnesium alloys from two Mg-Zn series with Ce (ZE) or Ca (ZX) as additional elements and a series of alloys with Ag and Ca (QX) as alloying elements are suggested. The microstructure development was studied after the extrusion of round bars with varied processing parameters and was related to the mechanical properties and the degradation behavior of the alloys. Grain refinement and texture weakening mechanisms could be improved based on the alloy composition for enhancing the mechanical properties. Degradation rates largely depended on the nature of second phase particles rather than on the grain size, but remained suitable for biological applications. Furthermore, all alloy compositions exhibited promising cytocompatibility.

scholarly journals Study on σ Phase in Fe–Al–Cr Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Wang ◽  
Shouping Liu ◽  
Xiaoyu Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Σ Phase ◽  
Austenitic Transformation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, a method of using the second phase to control the grain growth in Fe–Al–Cr alloys was proposed, in order to obtain better mechanical properties. In Fe–Al–Cr alloys, austenitic transformation occurs by adding austenitizing elements, leading to the formation of the second phase and segregation at the grain boundaries, which hinders grain growth. FeCr(σ) phase was obtained in the Fe–Al–Cr alloys, which had grains of several microns and was coherent and coplanar with the matrix (Fe2AlCr). The nucleation of σ phase in Fe–Al–Cr alloy was controlled by the ratio of nickel to chromium. When the Ni/Cr (eq) ratio of alloys was more than 0.19, σ phase could nucleate in Fe–Al–Cr alloy. The relationship between austenitizing and nucleation of FeCr(σ) phase was given by thermodynamic calculation.

The role of project management office in developing knowledge management infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 3261-3287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Arbabi ◽  
Mohammad-Javad Salehi-Taleshi ◽  
Kian Ghods
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Practice Management ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeKnowledge management (KM) is regarded as an essential factor in project-based organizations (PBOs), leading to organizational learning across projects. Over recent years, most PBOs have inserted project management offices (PMOs) into their hierarchical charts to manage their projects much more coherently. These offices can correspondingly provide KM facilities in PBOs. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between PMO functions and KM infrastructure, as KM enablers in organizations, in Iranian oil and gas upstream PBOs.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase quantitative survey strategy was exercised in this research. The first phase was to investigate the relationship between PMOs and KM infrastructure and to prioritize PMO functions and KM infrastructure based on their existing implementation/establishment status in Iranian oil and gas upstream PBOs. The research participants, identified through the website of the National Iran Oil Company (NIOC), were comprised of 46 oil and gas upstream PBOs which applied for exploration and production (E&P) certificate in Iran in 2016 and 2017. Accordingly, a total number of 46 questionnaires were submitted to the aforementioned companies with a return rate of 41 cases. The second phase was fulfilled questioning 19 Iranian oil and gas industry experts to determine the one-to-one effect of PMO functions on KM infrastructure and to verify the first-phase results.FindingsThe results indicated a strong relationship between PMO functions and KM infrastructure. This relationship was significant with regard to “practice management” and “technical support”, having the most considerable connections with KM infrastructure. According to the first-phase results, the main functions of PMOs in Iranian oil and gas industry were “practice management” and “technical support”. Considering KM infrastructure, “structure” showed the lowest mean value while “culture”, “human resources” and “processes and procedures” obtained the highest scores. The results also demonstrated that PMO functions could lead to more improvements in “processes and procedures”, as a sub-component of KM infrastructure, compared with other sub-components. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry experts believed that “organizational culture” in KM could be shaped by most of PMO functions.Originality/valueThis study fulfilled the need for exploring the relationship between PMO functions and KM since academic literature lacked a thorough investigation, to the best of authors' knowledge, pertaining to the effects of PMO functions on KM development in oil and gas PBOs.

An experimental investigation of the role of different types of iconic gesture in communication

Gesture ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Beattie ◽  
Heather Shovelton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Original Story ◽  
The Relationship

Respondents, who had either seen or not seen a sample of the iconic gestures that encoders produce when narrating a story, answered questions about the original story and it was found that the overall accuracy score for respondents who saw the iconic gestures in addition to hearing the speech was 56.8% compared to 48.6% for speech only. This was a highly reliable effect and suggests that iconic gestures are indeed communicative. Character viewpoint gestures were also significantly more communicative than observer viewpoint gestures particularly about the semantic feature relative position, but the observer viewpoint gestures were effective at communicating information, particularly about the semantic features speed and shape. There were no significant correlations between the amount of information that gestures added to speech and the amount they conveyed in its absence, which suggests that the relationship between speech and gesture is not fixed but variable. The implications of this research for our fundamental conception of iconic gestures are considered.

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