scholarly journals Effects of Age of English Exposure, Current Input/Output, and grade on bilingual language performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA M. BEDORE ◽  
ELIZABETH D. PEÑA ◽  
ZENZI M. GRIFFIN ◽  
J. GREGORY HIXON
Keyword(s):  
Third Graders ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Input ◽  
Morphosyntactic Development ◽  
Children First ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study evaluates the effects of Age of Exposure to English (AoEE) and Current Input/Output on language performance in a cross-sectional sample of Spanish–English bilingual children. First- (N = 586) and third-graders (N = 298) who spanned a wide range of bilingual language experience participated. Parents and teachers provided information about English and Spanish language use. Short tests of semantic and morphosyntactic development in Spanish and English were used to quantify children's knowledge of each language. There were significant interactions between AoEE and Current Input/Output for children at third grade in English and in both grades for Spanish. In English, the relationship between AoEE and language scores were linear for first- and third-graders. In Spanish a nonlinear relationship was observed. We discuss how much of the variance was accounted for by AoEE and Current Input/Output.

Possible Effects of Depolarizing GABAA Conductance on the Neuronal Input–Output Relationship: A Modeling Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 3504-3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Morita ◽  
Kunichika Tsumoto ◽  
Kazuyuki Aihara
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Recent in vitro experiments revealed that the GABAA reversal potential is about 10 mV higher than the resting potential in mature mammalian neocortical pyramidal cells; thus GABAergic inputs could have facilitatory, rather than inhibitory, effects on action potential generation under certain conditions. However, how the relationship between excitatory input conductances and the output firing rate is modulated by such depolarizing GABAergic inputs under in vivo circumstances has not yet been understood. We examine herewith the input–output relationship in a simple conductance-based model of cortical neurons with the depolarized GABAA reversal potential, and show that a tonic depolarizing GABAergic conductance up to a certain amount does not change the relationship between a tonic glutamatergic driving conductance and the output firing rate, whereas a higher GABAergic conductance prevents spike generation. When the tonic glutamatergic and GABAergic conductances are replaced by in vivo–like highly fluctuating inputs, on the other hand, the effect of depolarizing GABAergic inputs on the input–output relationship critically depends on the degree of coincidence between glutamatergic input events and GABAergic ones. Although a wide range of depolarizing GABAergic inputs hardly changes the firing rate of a neuron driven by noncoincident glutamatergic inputs, a certain range of these inputs considerably decreases the firing rate if a large number of driving glutamatergic inputs are coincident with them. These results raise the possibility that the depolarized GABAA reversal potential is not a paradoxical mystery, but is instead a sophisticated device for discriminative firing rate modulation.

scholarly journals Association Between Mental Health and Feeding Methods among 1- Month Postpartum Women in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Masayo Matsuzaki ◽  
Hiroko Matsumoto ◽  
Mie Shiraishi ◽  
Risa Kobayashi ◽  
Sachi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The rate of predominant breastfeeding was 51.3% at 1 month postpartum, even though 93.4% of Japanese mothers expressed a desire to predominantly breastfeed during pregnancy. A wide range of historical, socioeconomic, cultural, and individual factors, as well as mental health, affect breastfeeding practices. However, the relationship between breastfeeding and mental health—depressive symptoms—has been controversial. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify factors relationship including mental health and the feeding methods adopted by mothers at 1 month postpartum in Japan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 Tokyo area hospitals between July and October 2014. We recruited a total of 560 eligible women. The participants included 392 women without severe illnesses or low birth weight babies at 1 month postpartum. The feeding methods were “mainly breastfeeding” (exclusively or mostly breastfeeding) and “mixed feeding and formula only”. Depressive symptoms as a mental health were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple logistic regression analysis clarified the factors associated with mainly breastfeeding. Results: The mean (SD) age for the categories of mainly breastfeeding and mixed feeding and formula only was 33.0 (5.1) and 33.9 (5.5) years, respectively (p = 0.085). Women who were mainly breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum were more likely to be multiparous (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.80, CI:1.11 - 2.94), had EPDS score < 9 (AOR:1.87, CI:1.09 – 3.20), and had been desirous of breastfeeding from their pregnancy (AOR: 7.73, CI: 4.68 – 12.74). Conclusion: Our results suggested that healthcare providers should focus on the relationship between feeding methods and new mothers’ mental health. Further research must identify effective care strategies for women who desire to breastfeed exclusively.

Childlessness and Health Among Older Adults: Variation Across Five Outcomes and 20 Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekehia T Quashie ◽  
Bruno Arpino ◽  
Radoslaw Antczak ◽  
Christine A Mair
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Policy ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives No previous study to the best of our knowledge has examined the association between childlessness and health using a wide range of countries and health outcomes. This study improves previous literature by examining the relationship between “childlessness” (1 = childless for any reason, 0 = parent of biological, step, or adopted child) and health across 20 countries and five health outcomes. Methods Drawing on cross-sectional harmonized data from the family of Health and Retirement Surveys across the United States (HRS, Wave 11), Europe (SHARE, Waves 4 and 5), Mexico (MHAS, Wave 3), and China (CHARLS, Wave 2), we use logistic regression models to estimate the association between childlessness and poor health (poor self-rated health, 1 or more ADL limitations, 1 or more IADL limitations, 1 or more chronic conditions, and depression) in a sample of adults aged 50 and older across 20 countries (N = 109,648). Results Our results point to an absence of associations between childlessness and health, and suggest that childlessness may be associated with better (e.g., Mexico, Hungary) or worse health (e.g., Austria, Estonia, Netherlands, Poland) in certain contexts and for certain measures. Discussion We discuss these findings in light of the meaning of childlessness, as well as cross-national economic, social, and cultural contexts to provide suggestions for aging policy and future research.

Clinical Features of Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Patients Aged Three to Sixty-Nine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ç Wöber-Bingöl ◽  
C Wöber ◽  
A Karwautz ◽  
A Auterith ◽  
M Serim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated 260 consecutive patients classified as migraine cases aged 3-69 at two tertiary headache centres, one for children and adolescents and the other for adults to evaluate the relationship between age and clinical features of migraine cross-sectionally. We only included subjects with definite migraine without or with aura and we excluded subjects with coexisting tension-type headache, medication overuse and/or other clinically relevant disorders. The percentage of males decreased markedly from childhood to adulthood and this affected the evalution of age-related changes in male patients, as only large differences reached the level of statistical significance. In females, the headache duration and the prevalence of unilateral, pulsating pain, photophobia and phonophobia increased, whereas the prevalence of aggravation by physical activity decreased with age. In conclusion, this cross-sectional, clinic-based study on a strictly defined sample of 260 consecutive patients with definite migraine covering a wide range of age from the very young to the old suggests marked age-related differences of the clinical features of migraine in females and failed to demonstrate similar differences in males due to the small number of adult male migraineurs.

scholarly journals Serum and adipose tissue chemerin is differentially related to insulin sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska ◽  
Agnieszka Nikołajuk ◽  
Magdalena Stefanowicz ◽  
Natalia Matulewicz ◽  
Irina Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The aim of the study was to assess serum chemerin concentration and s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) chemerin expression in relation to insulin sensitivity and obesity in young healthy subjects. Design We performed a cross-sectional study including 128 subjects, 44 with normal weight, 44 with overweight and 40 with obesity. Methods Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and SAT biopsy were performed. Next, 30 subjects with obesity underwent 12-week weight-reducing dietary intervention. Results Serum chemerin was higher and SAT chemerin expression was lower in subjects with obesity in comparison with other groups. The relationship of serum chemerin with SAT expression and insulin sensitivity were positive in normal weight and overweight individuals, and negative in individuals with obesity. In the entire study population, serum chemerin was also positively related to hsCRP, serum fetuin A and alanine aminotransferase. SAT chemerin was positively related to insulin sensitivity, SAT insulin signaling and adipogenic genes. Weight loss decreased serum chemerin, whereas SAT chemerin increased in subjects with the highest increase in insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Serum and SAT chemerin is differentially associated with insulin sensitivity and the relationship between serum chemerin and insulin sensitivity depends on adiposity. SAT chemerin is positively associated with insulin sensitivity across a wide range of BMIs and may be proposed as a biomarker of metabolically healthy SAT. Our results suggest that SAT is not the main source of serum chemerin in obesity.

scholarly journals Internalized age stereotypes as a mediator between volunteering and psychosocial health for adults 50+

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 694-694
Author(s):  
Andrew Steward ◽  
Leslie Hasche ◽  
Julie Anne Laser-Maira
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Productive Aging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The productive aging literature describes a wide range of psychosocial benefits of volunteerism for older adults. A growing, compelling body of literature drawing from stereotype embodiment theory identifies significant, negative public health impacts of internalized age stereotypes. Yet, little research has explored which activities may reduce internalized ageism and enhance psychosocial health as people age. This cross-sectional study examined whether internalized age stereotypes mediate the relationship between volunteering and social connectedness for adults 50+. A convenience sample of volunteers (n = 112) 50+ years of age residing in the U.S. Mountain West were recruited. A 15-minute, online survey was utilized. The independent variable was number of volunteer hours per week (mean = 6.25, SD = 4.85). The dependent variable was social connectedness measured by five items positively worded from the five-point, Likert-type UCLA loneliness scale (α = .85; mean = 4.26, SD = 0.59). Drawing from the self-stereotypes of aging scale, the indirect effects of five internalized positive (e.g., “wise” and “capable”) and five negative (e.g., “grumpy” and “helpless”) age stereotypes were tested. Results indicate that increased internalized positive, not negative, age stereotypes partially mediated the relationship between volunteer hours and increased social connectedness, while holding constant age, gender, race, functional limitation, education, employment, length of volunteering, and previous volunteer experience. Although positive age stereotypes have long been considered a form of ageism, the results of this study suggest that internalizing positive age stereotypes may function as a form of esteem to promote enhanced psychosocial health as people age.

Evaluation theory and its application to military assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Andrew Keith ◽  
Darryl Ahner ◽  
Nicole Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Evaluation theory provides a rigorous foundation for the practice of military operation assessment. Government and industry assessors have used evaluation theory to improve the effectiveness of assessment across a wide range of fields. This article focuses on the relationship between evaluation theory and military assessment. We briefly survey the major evaluation approaches with a focus on connecting the theoretical models to practical security-related applications. These evaluation approaches include expertise-oriented, program-oriented, decision-oriented, and participant-oriented models. Within the overarching framework of these approaches, we consider alternative monitoring and evaluation designs in detail, including descriptive designs (case study, cross-sectional, time-series), quasi-experimental designs (interrupted time-series, comparison group, case study), and experimental designs (posttest-only, pre-post). Then, we discuss quantitative and qualitative methods for analyzing and reporting uncertainty with respect to each design alternative, with an emphasis on mixed-method approaches. Throughout the review, we make the relationship between evaluation theory and operation assessment practice explicit through examples, and we suggest more detailed references where appropriate.

Parental child feeding practices and growth status of Orang Asli children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 3239-3248
Author(s):  
Jovita Raymond Leprince ◽  
Sarina Sariman ◽  
Rahmah Begam Basir Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between parental child feeding practices with growth status of Orang Asli (OA) children in Negeri Sembilan.Design/methodology/approachThis is a cross-sectional study conducted amongst 190 OA children aged 4–6 years studying at Tabika KEMAS OA in Negeri Sembilan. Mothers were interviewed to obtain socio-demographic information while feeding practices were assessed using Malay version of Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ-M). Growth status of the children were determined using WHO ANTHRO Plus software. Three indicators of growth status assessed were weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (BAZ) z-scores.FindingsThe mean score for feeding practices used by the mothers while feeding their child showed that most of the mothers practiced modelling (3.71 ± 0.82), encouraging balance and variety (3.52 ± 0.76) and environment (3.66 ± 0.66) while the practice of restriction to weight (1.85 ± 0.79) and emotional regulation (2.20 ± 0.96) were low. Most of the OA children had normal WAZ (70.0%), HAZ (71.1%) and BAZ (84.2%). Amongst the three indicators of growth status, BAZ was used to study the relationship with feeding practices. The use of feeding practices such as pressure (r = −0.34, p < 0.01), food as a reward (r = −0.23, p=<0.01), child control (r = −0.18, p = 0.01) and restriction to weight (r = 0.19, p = 0.01) were associated with BAZ.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only focussed on OA children of Temuan and Semelai sub-ethnics studying at kindergarten specific for OA children, thus findings could not be generalised to the entire OA population in Malaysia.Social implicationsThere is a need to address the OA population as they continue to be amongst the most disadvantaged population often affected with poor health and social outcomes.Originality/valueIn this study, a wide range of scales in that represents different feeding practices in CFPQ-M was assessed instead of focussing on limited type of feeding practices. Thus, a better understanding was observed regarding the healthy and unhealthy feeding practices. The result of this study could be useful to update the existing literature of OA research, and to plan suitable interventions with regards to feeding practices and growth status of the children, especially amongst this vulnerable community.

scholarly journals Persistence of Choice as a Reflection of Social Giftedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Marina Mishkina
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Personal Concern ◽  
Cognitive Orientation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The article raises the issue of social giftedness and outlines the necessity of the fundamental study of this phenomenon. The author suggests that social giftedness is reflected in the stability of socially oriented behavior and in more complex and diverse interest in one's own personality: in appreciation of one’s own uniqueness and in participation in a wide range of small and large social groups, where one expresses one’s involvement through personal concern for the groups. The object of the study is to identify the relationship between the stability of one’s choice for the benefit of the group and social giftedness. The proposed hypothesis states that socially gifted schoolchildren tend to make persistent socially oriented choices (with collectivistic cognitive orientation). The hypothesis was tested on a sample of third-graders by means of M. Kuhn and T. McPartland’s test "Who am I" and an experiment of collectivistic/individualistic choices relating to the presence of an authoritative figure. The study confirms that persistence of collectivistic choices is characteristic of socially gifted students.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

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