Internal and external factors contributing to variability in consonant accuracy of Arabic–French simultaneous bilingual children

Abstract This study aims to describe the relationships between child-internal and child-external factors and the consonant accuracy of bilingual children. More specifically, the study looks at internal factors: expressive and receptive vocabulary, and external factors: language exposure and language status, of a group of 4-year-old bilingual Arabic–French children. We measured the consonant accuracy of the children by the percentage of correct consonants in a Picture-Naming Task and a Non-Word Repetition Task in each language. The results suggest a significant relationship between vocabulary and consonant accuracy. A cross-language correlation was observed between the expressive vocabulary level of the majority language (French) and the consonant accuracy of the minority language (Arabic). Also, a significant correlation was found between Arabic language exposure and Arabic consonant accuracy. Finally, consonant accuracy was significantly higher in French tasks than in Arabic, despite the individual differences of the children.

تدريس كتاب "المحادثة والمطالعة العربية الجزء الأول" في تنمية مهارة الكلام للمستوى بمعهد دار اللغة والدراسات الإسلامية سنينان باميكاسن

Tarling Journal of Language Education ◽

10.24090/tarling.v2i2.2914 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 123-133

Author(s):

Moh. Hasyim Asy'ari

Keyword(s):

Arabic Language ◽

External Factors ◽

Teaching Material ◽

Language Games ◽

Research Use ◽

Provisional Teachers ◽

The topic of this research is "Learning the Book of Al-Muhadasah Wa Muthala'ahAl-Arabiyah Juz Awwal for the Development of Maharah Kalam in the IslamicBoarding School Darul Lughah Waddirosatil Islamiyah, Seninan Akkor PelengaanPamekasan Madura, East Java". Every year there must be acceptance of newsantri in all of the rapidly developing huts in Indonesia, The new santri usuallyfind it difficult to speak Arabic because they don't know much about Arabicbefore entering pondok. This research aim to know the steps of learning and thepositive factors that influence the learning. This research use qualitative researchmethods. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Learning Steps to the Book"Al-Muhadasah Wa Muthala'ah Al-Arabiyah Juz Awwal" the teacher greets,remembering the students last lesson, giving new teaching material, the teacherreading the Muhadasah text and the students practiced the Muhadasah text thestudents were allowed to ask about the difficult mufrodat, the students translatedthe muhadasah text according to their abilities, then the teacher interpreted thewhole of the Muhadasah text. then the teacher gives training about sometimesthe teacher gives Arabic language games, the teacher tells students to memorize the muhadasah text and tells them to have two or two in front of the class, at the end of the lesson the teacher gives advice and motivation. 2. There are twopositive factors in the Learning of the Book "Al-Muhadasah Wa Muthala'ahAl-Arabiyah Juz Awwal" namely internal and external factors, internal factorsnamely: provisional teachers, the use of learning methodologies and appropriateteaching materials, students are eager to learn. External factors are: the scope ofthe Arabic language contained in the cottage.

Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Jurnal Panorama Hukum ◽

10.21067/jph.v4i1.3081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 64-76

Author(s):

Riski Emaniar

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

External Factors ◽

School Level ◽

High School Level ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

The People ◽

Traffic Violations ◽

The Individual ◽

This research is motivated by the number of traffic violation cases carried out by the community in Bangka Belitung. Many traffic violations carried out by children. This study aims to determine the number of traffic violators based on the level of education of the people in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2016, thus it can be seen the number of traffic violators at certain levels of education in the Bangka Belitung region. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This descriptive research is used to describe an event or event and social phenomenon in factual and systematic. This method is used to explain the data contained in the table by using descriptive explanations. The data used is secondary data. The results showed that the highest violations in Pangkalpinang City compared to other districts. Based on the data obtained, the high school level in the city of Pangkalpinang becomes the highest number of traffic violators. Many factors cause violations among students, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors come from within the individual, while external factors are found in the surrounding environment. Need appropriate handling to overcome the occurrence of various traffic violations among students. The method taken can be preventive and repressive. Keywords: BPS, students, minor violations.

Individual differences in very young children's English acquisition in China: Internal and external factors

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728915000243 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 550-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

HE SUN ◽

RASMUS STEINKRAUSS ◽

JORGE TENDEIRO ◽

KEES DE BOT

Keyword(s):

English Learners ◽

Bayes Factor ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

English Proficiency ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

External Factors ◽

Receptive Vocabulary ◽

Input Quantity ◽

The Impact

This study assesses the impact of internal and external factors on very young EFL learners in an instructional setting. 71 child English learners in China (onset age: 2;0 - 5;6) were involved: their receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary and receptive grammar were taken as outcome variables, and age of onset, short-term memory, nonverbal intelligence, English input quantity and quality, English use, and maternal English level were taken as predictive variables. Multiple regression analyses, verified by Bayes factor comparisons, revealed that the total amount of school input and home English media environment were significant predictors for all of three aspects of English proficiency, with each aspect having different additional significant predictors. Both internal factors (e.g., age of onset) and external factors (e.g., English input quantity) played an important role, but in contrast to similar studies (e.g., Paradis, 2011) focusing on a L2 naturalistic setting, external factors explained more variance of English proficiency measures.

Centro de intervención en apoyo a alumnos de carreras de ingeniería

Revista de Educación Técnica ◽

10.35429/jote.2020.11.4.17.22 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Reynaldo ALANÍS ◽

Daniel E. URUETA ◽

José A. ALANÍS ◽

Suzuki BRITO

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Academic Development ◽

Academic Program ◽

External Factors ◽

Workflow Model ◽

The Individual ◽

Support Students ◽

Supporting Teachers

The objectives of this work are to present a workflow model; three tests and two questionnaires for diagnosis; statistical methodologies for the analysis of the data obtained, as well as the preliminary results of the model and the questionnaires. The methodology consists of the coordination between teachers in the role of tutor and the application to students under their responsibility to subsequently perform a statistical analysis of the data and based on this, develop an intervention work plan at the individual and collective level. The fundamental contribution of this work is to objectively seek to support students in their academic development. Among the responsibilities and activities that a teacher has in universities is to be a tutor of a group of the academic program to which he belongs. Students under responsibility have a series of situations that influence or assume that they influence their academic performance. One as a tutor can ask if the learning units of the subjects, they take support this performance, if there are internal and external factors, as well as risk situations that affect it. This work is aimed at supporting teachers in their tutoring activity and in the transverse subjects of the academic program, as well as students.

Perubahan Bentuk dan Fungsi Pertunjukan Ronggeng Gunung

Panggung ◽

10.26742/panggung.v22i4.69 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Etty Suhaeti

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Folk Art ◽

External Factors ◽

Social Culture ◽

Internal Factor ◽

External Influences ◽

The Social ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Individual ◽

ABSTRACTThe art of Ronggeng Gunung that grows and develops in the southern part of the district Ciamis is still continuously preserved until now. One effort to preserve its existence is through various changes, both in terms of its function in the community and in the form of its show. However, the changes have not been able to raise this folk art as in its previous victory, in which Ronggeng Gunung is greatly adored by its lover community. The research used qualitative method in order to reveal the process of the changes. The result of the research shows that the changes of the form of performance are mainly influenced by two factors, namely the internal and external factors. The two effects of changes are caused by the consciousness of the individual of community on his own weaknesses, and the external influences of the social culture which are felt more profitable.Keywords: Ronggeng Gunung, internal factor, external factorABSTRAKKesenian Ronggeng Gunung yang tumbuh dan berkembang di Kabupaten Ciamis bagian selatan masih terus dilestarikan hingga saat ini. Salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan keberadaannya yaitu dengan adanya berbagai perubahan, baik dari segi fungsinya di masyarakat maupun pada bentuk pertunjukannya. Akan tetapi, perubahan tersebut belum mampu mengangkatnya seperti pada masa kejayaannya dahulu, di mana Ronggeng Gunung sebagai sebuah kesenian rakyat sangat digandrungi oleh masyarakat pecintanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengungkap proses perubahan yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan bentuk pertunjukan secara inti dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal.Kedua pengaruh perubahan tersebut diakibatkan oleh adanya kesadaranindividu masyarakat akan kekurangan dirinya, dan adanya pengaruh- pengaruh dari luar budaya masyarakat yang dirasakan lebih menguntungkan.Kata Kunci : Ronggeng Gunung, faktor internal, faktor eksternal

Non-word repetition in bilingual children: the role of language exposure, vocabulary scores and environmental factors

Speech Language and Hearing ◽

10.1080/2050571x.2021.1879609 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Gianmatteo Farabolini ◽

Pasquale Rinaldi ◽

Maria Cristina Caselli ◽

Alejandrina Cristia

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Bilingual Children ◽

Word Repetition ◽

Language Exposure

Amount trumps timing in bilingual vocabulary acquisition: Effects of input in simultaneous and sequential school-age bilinguals

International Journal of Bilingualism ◽

10.1177/1367006917722418 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 236-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elin Thordardottir

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

First Grade ◽

Parent Report ◽

Bilingual Children ◽

School Age ◽

Expressive Vocabulary ◽

Language Exposure ◽

Timing Of Exposure

Objectives: This study examined the extent to which the language performance of school-age bilingual children is impacted by the amount of language exposure they have received in each language versus the timing of this exposure in terms of the age of first exposure (AoE). Methods: Receptive and expressive vocabulary and word morphology measures were administered in both languages to school-age simultaneous and sequential learners of French (other language English), and to their monolingual counterparts. Data and analysis: The study included 64 children in first grade and 68 children in third grade in French schools in Montreal. Within each grade level, simultaneous bilinguals, sequential bilinguals, and monolinguals were equivalent in age, nonverbal cognition and socio-economic status (maternal education). Detailed information on previous language exposure was gathered by parent report. Conclusions: Simultaneous bilinguals performed somewhat better than sequential bilinguals; however both groups overall performed significantly more poorly than monolinguals. Differences in performance between simultaneous and sequential bilinguals were mediated by differences in amount, not timing, of exposure. Sequential learners in grade 1 required lower amounts of input to reach high French scores than did their simultaneous counterparts; sequential and simultaneous learners in grade 3 did not differ in this respect. This finding suggests that the recency of bilingual exposure is a significant determiner of the rate of second language learning. The amount of exposure to each language since birth predicted performance in each language of the bilingual children. Originality: Bilingual children with different AoEs were compared while also controlling for differences in amount of exposure. Significant implications: The results call into question the traditional separation between simultaneous and sequential bilinguals and shows that an early start of bilingualism does not in and of itself predict better performance or performance within the monolingual range. Better performance was more strongly related to amount than timing of exposure.

RELIGIOUS COPING PADA INDIVIDU YANG MELAKUKAN KONVERSI AGAMA

Jurnal Psikologi Udayana ◽

10.24843/jpu.2016.v03.i02.p01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Respianto Respianto ◽

Yohanes Kartika Herdiyanto

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Religious Coping ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Coping Style ◽

Religious Conversion ◽

External Factors ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Individual ◽

Collaborative Coping

In Indonesia, we often encountered cases of religious conversion or also called conversion. Religious conversion by Jalaluddin (2012) in general can be interpreted to change religion or converted. Individuals will experience a variety of responses regarding of their choice either of the society from the previous religion and religious communities in the new religion. Various respones occurring in individuals who perform religious conversion will make the individual demonstrate a wide range of coping strategies. Coping strategy is to be studied by researchers for individuals who perform conversions with a variety of responses that emerged from various environments around the individual. This is what researcher will find out about coping strategy in this research. This study uses qualitative research with phenomenological approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause religion conversion, the response of family and the environment and coping strategies used by individuals who do the religion conversion. This study used four respondents and will be divided into two, namely the conversion of religion because of the wedding and do the conversion because of their own desires. The results of this study are, causes of conversions divided into two due to internal and external factors. Coping strategies were used that religious coping with three types of coping, self-directing coping style, deffering coping style, and collaborative coping style. The results of this study are, causes of conversions divided into two due to internal and external factors. Religious coping divided into 3 types which using in this case, these are, self-directing coping style, deffering coping style, and collaborative coping style, three types of coping are used at each stage of the process of religioun conversion. Religious coping give positive results to the responden into social system where the responden belong.Keywords: Religion, religion conversion, coping strategy, religious coping.

Internal and External Factors That Support Children's Minority First Language and English

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 595-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Giang Pham ◽

Timothy Tipton

Keyword(s):

Limited English Proficiency ◽

First Language ◽

The United States ◽

External Factors ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Phonological Memory ◽

Expressive Vocabulary ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Vocabulary Skills ◽

Purpose Sequential bilingual children in the United States often speak 2 languages that have different social statuses (minority–majority) and separate contexts for learning (home–school). Thus, distinct factors may support the development of each language. This study examined which child internal and external factors were related to vocabulary skills in a minority language versus English. Method Participants included 69 children, aged 5–8 years, who lived in Southern California, spoke Vietnamese as the home language, and received school instruction in English. All participants had at least 1 foreign-born parent, and most mothers reported limited English proficiency. Parents completed a telephone survey, and children completed measures of receptive and expressive vocabulary in each language. Using correlations and stepwise regression, we examined predictors of vocabulary skills in each language that were internal to the child (age, gender, analytical reasoning, phonological memory) or that pertained to the surrounding environment (cumulative exposure, quantity and quality of input/output). Results Vietnamese vocabulary outcomes were related to multiple external factors, of which input and enrichment activities were the best predictors. In contrast, English vocabulary outcomes were related to internal factors, of which age and phonological memory were the best predictors. Parental use of Vietnamese contributed to children's Vietnamese vocabulary outcomes but was not related to children's English vocabulary outcomes. Conclusions Vietnamese exposure does not hinder English development. Children from immigrant families are learning English with or without familial support. Rich and frequent exposure and opportunities for practice are essential for the continued development of a minority first language.

THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON STUDENTS’ MORAL: A REVIEW ON INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL USING CONVERGENCE THEORY

International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling ◽

10.35631/ijepc.642033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (42) ◽

pp. 421-431

Author(s):

Nur Fiezila Mohd Rezaly ◽

Hishamuddin Ahmad ◽

Nor Hasnida Che Md Ghazali

Keyword(s):

School Environment ◽

International Schools ◽

International School ◽

External Factors ◽

Convergence Theory ◽

Moral Formation ◽

Klang Valley ◽

The Individual ◽

Malaysian Students

Moral formation begins with the personality of the individual and the environmental factors around the individual. Consequently, an individual's propensity to be good or bad depends on internal and external factors that motivate him or her to act through his or her conduct. It is necessary to create a situation that may lead to the application of good moral values to students by a conducive education. This can ensure a motivated generation committed to fulfilling their responsibilities to themselves, their families, their peers, society and the country. This study uses Convergence Theory to examine the extent of the influence of personality and school environment in shaping the morals of Malaysian students who attend international schools in the Klang Valley.