Measurement of short term intake rate (STIR) to predict in vivo parameters in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 98-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Romney ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

It might be expected that the same physical characteristics of a feed, determining the rate of breakdown in the rumen and physical fill, might also influence the rate at which an animal is able to eat a feed. Moseley and Manendez (1989) observed a positive relationship between intake rate measured over 1 minute periods and voluntary intake ad libitum. These authors also suggested that determination of eating rate could be used as a rapid method to evaluate intake characteristics of forages. The present work examines further the potential of what will now be referred to as short term intake rate (STIR value), as a method to rank forages in terms of their potential intake, digestibility and rate of passage.

Measurement of short term intake rate (STIR) to predict in vivo parameters in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
D. L. Romney ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

It might be expected that the same physical characteristics of a feed, determining the rate of breakdown in the rumen and physical fill, might also influence the rate at which an animal is able to eat a feed. Moseley and Manendez (1989) observed a positive relationship between intake rate measured over 1 minute periods and voluntary intake ad libitum. These authors also suggested that determination of eating rate could be used as a rapid method to evaluate intake characteristics of forages. The present work examines further the potential of what will now be referred to as short term intake rate (STIR value), as a method to rank forages in terms of their potential intake, digestibility and rate of passage.

The effects of urea supplements on the utilization of straw plus molasses diets by sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Coombe ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Food Intake Rate

Three experiments with sheep were carried out to investigate the effect of urea, added to a diet of straw plus molasses, on roughage intake and digestion, and on the nitrogen status of the animal. Urea, added to straw and molasses at the level of 3% of the amount of straw, increased the ad libitum food intake, rate of cellulose (cotton thread) digestion in the rumen, and rate of passage of food through the gut. When different amounts of urea were fed, the highest levels of intake, rate of cellulose digestion, and rate of passage occurred with 8–16 g urea per sheep per day. Increasing the amount of urea fed to 32 g per day caused significant decreases in rate of passage and intake, within diets containing urea. These were not accompanied by significant changes in rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. With diets of straw and molasses, with and without urea, crude fibre digestibility was positively correlated with the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. Voluntary intake of these diets was positively correlated with rate of passage. When the effect of rate of passage was eliminated, voluntary intake was not significantly correlated with the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. Under the feeding conditions used in these experiments, once sufficient urea had been added to the diet to bring the animal into a small, positive nitrogen balance, additional dietary nitrogen supplied as urea was practically all excreted in the urine. It is concluded that, under these feeding conditions, the primary function of a urea supplement is to enable an animal to maintain nitrogen equilibrium rather than store significant amounts of nitrogen in the body.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage given to young growing steers: effect on intake, apparent digestibility and live-weight gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractSeventy-two, 4-month-old, British Friesian steers were used to investigate the effects of feeding a supplement of fish meal on the voluntary intake and live-weight gain by young growing cattle given a well preserved ryegrass silage. The silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50,100 or 150 g fish meal per kg silage dry matter (DM) and the diets were offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM per kg live weight (LW). Intakes were recorded daily, LW weekly and in vivo apparent digestibility over one 7-day period during the 132-day trial.For animals fed ad libitum, the absolute intake of dietary DM increased linearly with an increase in the level of fish-meal supplementation such that intake when the highest level of fish meal was given was significantly higher (P < 0·01) than when silage was given alone. However, DM intake per unit LW (approx. 24 g DM per kg LW) was not affected significantly (P > 0·05).Inclusion of fish meal in the diet did not affect the apparent digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, acid-detergent or neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) although there was a trend for slightly higher (P > 0·05) gross energy apparent digestibility when fish meal was given. Increasing the level of feeding reduced NDF digestibility. The coefficients measured at the 22 g and ad libitum levels of intake were lower (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively) than that measured at the 16 g DM per kg LW level.Animals given silage alone to appetite achieved LW gains of 0·6 kg/day. LW gains increased linearly with increasing level of feeding (P < 0·001) and increasing level offish-meal supplementation (P < 0·001).

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility in ponies offered alfalfa based forages ad libitum

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
S. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Uk

There is increased interest in using forages other than grass hay as the basal diet for equines in the UK. Whilst a range of short-chopped dehydrated alfalfa based forages may be used as alternatives to grass hay in equine diets, there is very little information available on their likely intake characteristics, apparent digestibilities or their nutritive values. The objectives of the current experiment were:- 1) to determine the voluntary feed intake (VFI) characteristics of three alfalfa based forages when offered ad libitum to ponies, 2) to determine the in vivo apparent digestibility, digestible energy (DE) and digestible crude protein (DCP) contents of these forages and 3) to compare the actual energy and protein intakes with theoretical energy and protein requirements.

scholarly journals Cracker shape modifies ad libitum snack intake of crackers with cheese dip

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 988-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianne van Eck ◽  
Anouk van Stratum ◽  
Dimitra Achlada ◽  
Benoît Goldschmidt ◽  
Elke Scholten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Moderate Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

AbstractFood and energy intake can be effectively lowered by changing food properties, but little is known whether modifying food shape is sufficient to influence intake. This study investigated the influence of cracker shape and cheese viscosity on ad libitum intake of cracker–cheese combinations. Forty-four participants (thirteen males, 23 (sd 3) years, BMI 21 (sd 2) kg/m2) participated in four late afternoon snack sessions (2 × 2 randomised crossover design). Iso-energetic crackers were baked into flat squares and finger-shape cylindrical sticks and combined with a cheese dip varying in viscosity. Approximately eighty crackers and 500 g cheese dip were served in separate large bowls. Participants consumed crackers with cheese dip ad libitum while watching a movie of 30 min. Dipping behaviour and oral processing behaviour were measured simultaneously by hidden balances under the cheese bowls and video recordings. Cracker intake (28 (sem 1) crackers) of cracker–cheese combinations was not influenced by cracker shape. Cheese intake of cracker–cheese combinations was 15 % higher for flat-squared than finger-shape crackers (131 kJ, P = 0·016), as a larger amount of cheese was scooped with flat-squared crackers (2·9 (sem 0·2) v. 2·3 (sem 0·1) g cheese per dip, P < 0·001) and showed higher eating rate and energy intake rate (P < 0·001). Eating rate over snacking time decreased by reducing bite frequency (P < 0·001) while cheese dip size remained fairly constant (P = 0·12). Larger energy intake from condiments was facilitated by increased cracker surface, and this did not trigger earlier satiation. Changing food carrier surface may be a promising approach to moderate energy intake of often high energy dense condiments, sauces and toppings.

The voluntary intake of silage by sheep:III. The effects of post-ruminal infusions of casein on the intake and nitrogen retention of sheep given silage ad libitum

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Hutchinson ◽  
R. J. Wilkins ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Low Nitrogen

SUMMARYIsocaloric quantities of casein, and glucose were infused into the abomasum and duodenum of sheep given perennial ryegrass silage ad libitum. Casein infusion significantly increased nitrogen retention but failed to affect silage consumption, suggesting that the positive relationship found between silage intake and silage nitrogen content is unlikely to be due to a low nitrogen status in sheep fed all-silage rations.

Some aspects of the utilization of tropical forages. 2. Pangola and coastal Bermuda hays

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Butterworth ◽  
Juanita P. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Tropical Forages

1. Three hays of Coastal Bermuda (Oynodon dactylon) grass and three hays of Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) from grasses cut at different stages of maturity were used for the determination of digestibility coefficients, voluntary intake, rate of passage through the gut, production of total and individual volatile fatty acids, total counts of bacteria determined microscopically and examination of bacterial types present using Gram-stained smears. The animals used were individually housed sheep.2. The hays of Coastal Bermuda were significantly superior to those of Pangola from the point of view of digestibility. Significant differences did not exist within grasses.3. The hays of Coastal Bermuda were superior to those of Pangola from the point of view of intake although this was not significant.4. No relation was evident between digestibility of the various hays and rate of passage through the digestive tract; it was concluded that intake was not limited by rate of passage through the gut.

Short Term Intake Rate (STIR) as a method of ranking the intake potential of forage mixtures by dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 193-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harrison ◽  
D.L Romney ◽  
R.H Phipps ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Studies conducted by Moseley and Manendez (1989) and Gill and Romney (1994) have indicated a good correlation between potential intake rate and voluntary food intake for certain feedstuffs. Therefore development of a simple technique to assess intake rate could enable rapid assessment of feed acceptability. This experiment examined what will be termed Short Term Intake Rate (STIR) as a method of ranking forage mixtures in terms of intake potential.Five individually fed multiparous Fresian Holstein dairy cows were offered five silage based diets ad libitum daily for five days in a latin square design. The diets consisted of grass silage (A), or grass silage and maize silage in a 1:3 DM ratio (B, C, D and E). The DM content of the grass silage (A) was 279 g DM/kg, and the target DM content of the maize silage used in diets B, C, D and E was 230, 280, 300 and 380 g DM/kg respectively. The DM content of the forage mixtures B, C, D and E were 278, 302, 318 and 373 g DM/kg.

The prediction of in vivo methane production and animal performance from the in vitro gas production technique

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
A. Bortolozzo ◽  
D. K. Lovett ◽  
S. Lovell ◽  
L. Stack ◽  
F. P. O’Mara
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ad Libitum

The in vivo determination of methane (CH4) production requires specialist equipment which is costly to maintain. Whilst the in vitro gas production technique has been demonstrated to show potential to rank diets for their methanongenic potential at maintenance planes of nutrition (Moss and Givens, 1997) no study has investigated this relationship when feedstuffs are fed ad libitum. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of the technique to predict in vivo CH4 production and animal performance from six diets differing in their chemical composition.

Investigation of in vitro methods for screening fungal probiotics

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
P.P. Frumholtz ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Fungal probiotics are gaining increasing acceptance as growth promoters that act via the rumen fermentation. Products have been described based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzac (Williams and Newbold, 1990). However not all species of Aspergillus or strains of S. cerevisiae exhibit probiotic properties (Tapia and llerrera-Saldana, 1989; Newbold, 1990). The selection of fungi with probiotic properties would be greatly facilitated by the development of a rapid method for assessing their efficacy. In the present study the effects of one of these products (Amaferm, based on Aspergillus oryzae; AO) on short term incubations invitro were compared with results obtained previously in longer-term in vitro fermentations (Rusitec) and with in vivo measurements.

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