The Shang State as Seen in the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions

Early China ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Keightley
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Documentary Evidence

This paper was first prepared as a documentary appendix to “The Late Shang State: When, Where, and What?” (to be published in the conference volume, The Origins of Chinese Civilization), which, by analyzing a series of thirty-nine “state criteria” under the general headings of Sovereignty, Territoriality, Religion and Kinship, Alliance and Warfare, and Exchange, attempted to classify the state in developmental terms. The present paper presents the documentary evidence in more detail by translating and discussing characteristic Inscriptions (generally from period I, the reign of Wu Ting) within each of the thirty-nine criteria. In so far as possible, the discussion focuses on the case of the Chou as a Shang state member. The evidence is particularly valuable because of the insights it gives Into the daily activities of the Shang theocrat.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Women Readers ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Visual Models ◽  
Woman Reader ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Literacy

This chapter explores a more concrete and historicized figure of the woman reader. It explores the forces that make her appear and disappear, and surveys the state of knowledge on medieval female literacy, and the documentary evidence on women readers. It investigates typically female modes of reading (such as the educational, the devotional, and the courtly) and the visual models that were available to vernacular authors to forge their imagined textual interlocutor. It shows how the protagonist of this book is the product of two cultural events within the history of reading and the material culture of the book: the raise of literacy among the laity and women in the years under consideration, and a changed scenario insofar as theories and practices of reading are concerned.

scholarly journals ‘... Her Imperial Majesty Deigned to Declare Herself’: V. N. Tatishchev’s Journal-Book for 1734

2018 ◽  
pp. 882-891
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Kiselev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important State

This is the first publication of the journal-book kept by famous Russian statesman and historian Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev from February 10 to April 2, 1734, after his appointment director of the Urals state-owned metallurgical plants. This document allows to clarify the circumstances of V. N Tatishchev's appointment to the Urals, including its date. According to the document, it was made on February 10 by oral order of the Empress. Immediately afterwards Vasily Nikitich plunged into planning his trip assisted by cabinet-ministers A. I. Osterman, A. M. Cherkassky, and president of the Commerce-Collegium P. P. Shafirov. The journal-book allows to reconstruct the flow of communication within the bureaucratic elite in 1730s. It also shows that internal documentation (minutes and registers) of the Cabinet of Ministers does not fully reflect its activities. It indicates that the Empress took a most active part and interest in Tatishchev’s appointment and his sending away; she thus sought to keep under her personal control all most important state affairs, including management of metallurgical plants. The document is of interest for studying history of Russian culture of the 18th century, as it contains some information about translator and writer K. A. Kondratovich and historian P. N. Krekshin. It intimates that Kondratovich was exiled to the Urals with Tatishchev by oral order from Anna Ioannovna. To this, there is no other documentary evidence, and therefore, Kondratovich attempted to mystify the circumstances of his exile to the Urals and to bury the fact in oblivion. The document is stored in the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region, Ekaterinburg.

“...LOCOMOTIVES WILL FREEZE, FAMINE IS COMING, AND THERE ARE CASES OF TYPHUS...”. RAILWAYS OF THE GREAT SIBERIAN CAMPAIGN 1919–1920

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Vasily Zh. Tsvetkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Military

The publication of documentary materials reflects the history of the organization and conducting of the retreat of the units of Admiral A.V. Kolchak’s Eastern Front and the evacuation of civilian refugees from Omsk and other cities in Siberia in November 1919 – January 1920. The article considers the issues of the technical condition and operation of the TRANSSiberian railway and, in particular, the functioning of the rolling stock. Those aspects for the history of the Civil War in the East of Russia to this day remain poorly studied. Evidence is provided on the state of the military, refugee and civil trains, and about the situation of passengers. Consistently and with the involvement of documentary material, the stages of the preparation and implementation of evacuation measures are described, and the reasons for the failure of planned decisions are analyzed. The article presents evidence on the consequences of full-scale disaster with the railway accident that became part of the Civil War history in Siberia. The materials from the State Archives of the Russian Federation that have not been widely used in scientific research and have not been published yet, as well as some previously published documentary evidence, were used. The study of that aspect of the Civil War history in Siberia allows to get an idea of not only the military, but also of the political importance that the TRANS-Siberian railway played in the absence of developed transport communications in the East of Russia.

scholarly journals Documentary data and the study of the past droughts: an overview of the state of the art worldwide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Andrea Kiss ◽  
Jürg Luterbacher ◽  
David J. Nash ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Administrative Evidence

Abstract. The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its application to droughts. The range of documentary evidence is very wide, including: general annals, chronicles, and memoirs, diaries kept by missionaries, travellers and those specifically interested in the weather, the records kept by administrators tasked with keeping accounts and other financial and economic records, legal-administrative evidence, religious sources, letters, marketplace and shopkeepers' songs, newspapers and journals, pictographic evidence, chronograms, epigraphic evidence, early instrumental observations, society commentaries, compilations and books, and historical-climatological databases. These come from many parts of the world. This variety of documentary information is evaluated with respect to the reconstruction of hydroclimatic conditions (precipitation, drought frequency and drought indices). Documentary-based drought reconstructions are then addressed in terms of long-term spatio-temporal fluctuations, major drought events, relationships with external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, socio-economic impacts and human responses. Documentary-based drought series are also discussed from the viewpoint of spatio-temporal variability for certain continents, and their employment together with hydroclimate reconstructions from other proxies (in particular tree-rings) is discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and challenges for the future use of documentary evidence in the study of droughts are presented.

scholarly journals Um diagnóstico sobre a adoção de sistemas de informação nas atividades dos artesãos da Paraíba

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (45) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Izabele Cristina Linhares de Ariete ◽  
Adriana Moura Beserra de Santana ◽  
Madony Araújo Lima ◽  
Viviane Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Ramon Leonn Victor Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Methodological Strategy

The Information Systems have great importance to support the processes of any business, establishing control in the operations and aiding in the decision making. Within this scope, this study aims to contribute with the assumption that the craftman entrepreneur should use information systems to have more control over his activities. Thus, the objective is to diagnose the knowledge about information systems in the professional reality of the craftman entrepreneurs of the state of Paraíba. As for the methodological strategy, questionnaires were applied to craftman who were present at the XXIII Craft Fair of Paraíba. The research made it possible to verify that most artisans do not have the qualification to use digital media, a digital education is required, it is also essential to provide means for access to information and tools that assist in the management of projects, even if in a simplified way , improving thus, the performance of the daily activities of these artisans.

scholarly journals DOWODY Z DOKUMENTÓW POŚWIADCZONYCH ZA ZGODNOŚĆ Z ORYGINAŁEM PRZEZ PROFESJONALNEGO PEŁNOMOCNIKA W POSTĘPOWANIU W SPRAWIE O WPIS W KRAJOWYM REJESTRZE SĄDOWYM

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Mariusz Stanik
Keyword(s):  
National Court ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Made In

DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE CERTIFIED AS TRUE BY A PROFESSIONAL PROXY IN PROCEEDINGS FOR AN ENTRY IN THE NATIONAL COURT REGISTER Summary The article concerns the acceptable form of documentary evidence in proceedings for an entry in the Polish National Court Register, in particular whether as of 1 January 2010 it is permissible to attach documents certified as true copies by the proxy appearing in the case, that is an attorney, legal representative, or attorney of the Polish State Treasury Office, to applications for entry in the Register. The analysis of this issue examines the provisions of Art. 129 § 3 and Art. 6944 § 1 of the Polish Civil Procedure Code, including an analysis of the relation between these provisions. In conclusion the author observes that despite the fact that there is a lex generalis ‒ lex specialis relations between Art. 129 § 3 and Art. 6944 § 1 of the Code, the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali does not apply. Consequently, in the proceedings for entry in the Register there are no legal obstacles for the submission of documents on the basis of which entries are to be made in the Register, in the form of copies or transcripts certified as a true copy by the acting proxy (attorney, legal representative, or attorney of the State Treasury Office) of the party to such proceedings.

scholarly journals Classifier for Activities with Variations

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabih Younes ◽  
Mark Jones ◽  
Thomas Martin
Keyword(s):  
Activity Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Complex Activities ◽  
Better Than

Most activity classifiers focus on recognizing application-specific activities that are mostly performed in a scripted manner, where there is very little room for variation within the activity. These classifiers are mainly good at recognizing short scripted activities that are performed in a specific way. In reality, especially when considering daily activities, humans perform complex activities in a variety of ways. In this work, we aim to make activity recognition more practical by proposing a novel approach to recognize complex heterogeneous activities that could be performed in a wide variety of ways. We collect data from 15 subjects performing eight complex activities and test our approach while analyzing it from different aspects. The results show the validity of our approach. They also show how it performs better than the state-of-the-art approaches that tried to recognize the same activities in a more controlled environment.

The City of Casey: A Blazing Fraud

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L Solsma ◽  
Joyce Njoroge ◽  
Patrick Heaston
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
The State ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Fraud Risk ◽  
Forensic Accounting ◽  
The City

This case involves cash theft at the City of Casey, a small town in Iowa. To avoid detection in an impending audit, the city clerk set the administrative offices on fire. The State Auditor’s Office performed an investigation and discovered misappropriations of about $300,000. This case allows students to analyze a fraud in a local governmental unit where limited resources and incompatible duties are common within the accounting function. The loss of documentary evidence challenges investigation of the fraud and provides students with an opportunity to discuss forensic accounting. The primary case objectives are (1) to identify risks and related fraud perpetration methods, (2) identify useful sources of evidence when original source documents and accounting records are missing, and (3) provide recommendations to minimize fraud risk. This case can be used in fraud and audit courses.

scholarly journals Body consciousness of people with intestinal stomach: A phenomenological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Dean Barbosa Marques ◽  
Rosendo Freitas de Amorim ◽  
Fátima Luna Pinheiro Landim ◽  
Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira ◽  
July Grassiely de Oliveira Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the bodily awareness of people with stomies. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out in the Ostomized Association of the State of Ceará, through semi-structured interviews with ten people with intestinal stomies, according to Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological thinking. Results: two categories of analysis emerged: The body that I have, in which the sensations of deficiency, imperfection and bad odor add to the feeling of strangeness towards one's own body, affecting the way of being in the world of each deponent; and The body that others perceive, in which the stoma is seen as an embarrassing and complex experience, since it hampers daily activities and conviviality with other people. Final considerations: The corporeal consciousness of Being-Stomp-in-the-world requires the movement to reconstruct the senses of the body from the body I have and from that which others perceive.

Salerno’s Lombard Prince: Johannes ‘Abbas de Curte’ as Medical Practitioner

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Eliza Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
The State ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Health Administrator ◽  
Constantine The African ◽  
Medical Learning

Abstract This paper examines the state of medical learning and practitioner identity at the time Constantine the African arrived in Salerno, Italy. The author utilizes surviving early manuscripts of medical texts, documentary evidence, regional chronicles, and early Salernitan antidotaria to frame the identity and activity of a renowned practitioner, a member of the Lombard princely family, who continued after the Norman conquest to work as a practitioner and health administrator, and to serve both the region and the Norman-Lombard leadership. The author concludes that pharmacy, particularly interests in exotic substances from the East, was one of the driving forces behind the transformation of medicine in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries.

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