Isolation of Asbestos from Lung Tissue and Sputum

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
M. G. Williams ◽  
C. Corn ◽  
R. F. Dodson ◽  
G. A. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Past

During this century, interest in the particulate content of the organs and body fluids of those individuals affected by pneumoconiosis, cancer, or other diseases of unknown etiology developed and concern was further prompted with the increasing realization that various foreign particles were associated with or caused disease. Concurrently particularly in the past two decades, a number of methods were devised for isolating particulates from tissue. These methods were recently reviewed by Vallyathan et al. who concluded sodium hypochlorite digestion was both simple and superior to other digestion procedures.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

When things go wrong: Exploring possible mechanisms driving the progressive fibrosis phenotype in interstitial lung diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004507
Author(s):  
Moisés Selman ◽  
Annie Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders of known and unknown etiology characterised by diffuse damage of the lung parenchyma. In the past years, it has become evident that patients with different types of ILD are at risk of developing progressive pulmonary fibrosis known as pulmonary fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD). This is a phenotype behaving similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the archetypical example of progressive fibrosis. PF-ILD is not a distinct clinical entity but describes a group of ILD with a similar clinical behavior. This phenotype may occur in diseases displaying distinct etiologies and different biopathology during their initiation and development. Importantly, these entities may have the potential for improvement or stabilisation prior to entering in the progressive fibrosing phase. The crucial questions are (1) why a subset of patients develops a progressive and irreversible fibrotic phenotype even with appropriate treatment, and (2) what the pathogenic mechanisms driving progression possibly are. We here provide a framework highlighting putative mechanisms underlying progression, including genetic susceptibility, aging, epigenetics, the structural fibrotic distortion, the aberrant composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix, and the emergence of distinct profibrotic cell subsets. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind PF-ILD will provide the basis for identifying risk factors and appropriate therapeutical strategies.

scholarly journals Contribution of Interleukin-6 to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S6-S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Tissue Fibrosis ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
The Past

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology, manifesting in patients as tissue fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. The disease is characterized by autoantibodies, a hallmark of autoimmunity. Various cytokines and growth factors are elevated in the systemic circulation and fibrotic lesions of patients with SSc. In particular, several studies over the past 2 decades have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc. Based on the association between aberrant IL-6 production and tissue fibrosis in patients with SSc, the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, is being investigated in clinical trials. This article reviews the biological features of IL-6 and the IL-6 receptor; the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SSc; and the potential for IL-6 inhibition to be used in the treatment of patients with SSc.

scholarly journals Recurring Anaphylaxis: A New Line of Questioning for your HPI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Wahid Lana ◽  
◽  
Aziz Sameh ◽  
Abraham Christina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Ige Antibody ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delayed Anaphylaxis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Mammalian Meat

Anaphylaxis is a serious life-threatening allergic reaction that typically has an immediate onset. It can present as flushing, angioedema, shortness of breath, rash and result in death if not treated immediately. In the past ten years, an emerging cause of delayed anaphylaxis has been identified. An IgE antibody to a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope (alpha-gal, or galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) has been linked to both immediate and delayed onset anaphylaxis. The immediate form is associated with the first exposure to cetuximab; whereas the delayed onset occurs after ingestion of mammalian meat such as beef and pork. The presentation can develop 2-6 hours after ingestion. This IgE antibody to alpha-gal is strongly suggested that Lone Star tick bites have been the culprit. It is imperative when caring for an anaphylaxis patient of unknown etiology, to consider a line of questioning to not only include recent tick bites, but also last 2-3 meals ingested to identify if mammalian meat may have been the trigger.

scholarly journals Langerhans-Cell Histiocytoses - Epidemiology, Classification, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prognosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera E. Papochieva ◽  
Dimitrinka S. Miteva ◽  
Penka I. Perenovska ◽  
Guergana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Summary Histiocytoses comprise a group of diverse diseases of unknown etiology with various clinical presentation and evolution. The underlying pathology is characterised by accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of cells of the monocyte-macrophage line in the affected tissues and organs. Histiocytoses are divided into three major classes: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), non- Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and malignant histiocytic disorders. The term LCH (also known in the past as histiocytosis X) encompasses the following rare diseases: Eosinophilic Granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, Letterer-Siwe disease, Hashimoto-Pritzker disease, in which accumulation of pathologic Langerhans cells (LCs) leads to tissue damage. LCs usually reside in the skin and ensure protection against infections by destroying foreign substances. LC accumulation is caused by antigen stimulation and inadequate immune response. Thus, clinical LCH manifestations range from isolated disease with mono- or multifocal bone lesions to disseminated multisystem disease. LCH is a rare disease, affecting mainly children and young smokers, aged 20-50 years. Lung involvement in LCH usually presents as a mono-system disease and is characterized by Langerhans cell granulomas (LCG) infiltrating and impairing the distal bronchioles. The definite diagnosis is based on lung biopsy of CAT selected LCG areas. So far, there is no an effective treatment, but the better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease would help in the development of effective therapeutic strategies in the future.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis—treatment with hyalase

1985 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Kakar ◽  
R. K. Puri ◽  
V. P. Venkatachalam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oral Mucous Membrane ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Placental Extract

AbstractOral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a disease of unknown etiology. A total of 96 patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis have received four regimens of treatment–local dexamethasone, local hyaluronidase, local combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase, and local placental extract. The patients were followed up for a period varying from 3 months to 2 years. The group of patients receiving hyaluronidase alone showed quicker improvement in symptoms although its combination with dexamethasone gave somewhat better longer-term results. A new regimen for the treatment of submucous fibrosis is recommended.Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a well-known clinical entity, known since the time of Sushurta. In the modern literature, this condition was first reported by Schwartz (1952). Joshi (1953) was the first person to describe this entity in India.Oral Submucous Fibrosis has been defined as an insidious chronic disease of unknown etiology, reported mainly in Indians, and affecting the entire oral cavity. The basic change is a fibro-elastotic transformation of the connective tissue in the lamina propria preceded by vesicle formation. In its later stages the oral mucous membrane becomes stiff and the patient suffers from trismus and resultant difficulty in eating (Pindborg and Sirsat, 1966).The present paper deals with our experience in the management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis over the past 21/2 years.

scholarly journals Kristal Hemoglobin Pada Bercak Darah yang Dipaparkan Sodium Hipoklorit (NaOCl) Menggunakan Tes Teichmann Dan Tes Takayama

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Romdonah Romdonah ◽  
Radha Zatti Rahmi ◽  
Tegar Mohammad Indrayana ◽  
Fridayenti Fridayenti ◽  
Enikarmila Asni
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Confirmatory Test

Bloodstains is an important body fluids as evidence, because the blood has hemoglobin structure consisting of hemeand polypeptides. Perpetrators will attempt to clean the bloodstain that found at the crime scene by using cleaningagents and chemicals. Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical that found in cleaning fluids and bleach. This study aims toknow the effects of sodium hypochlorite to bloodstain and confirmatory test. Bloodstain on the objeck glasses andthe fabrics exposed by sodium hypochlorite concentration 5,25% and 0,15%, and examined with Teichmann’s testand Takayama’s test, and seen under microscope. In this study, show no crystal hemoglobin of the bloodstain on theobjeck glasses and fabrics exposed by sodium hypochlorite concentration 5.25% and concentration 0,15%. Thismight caused by sodium hypochlorite destructed structure of heme, so there were no reaction between heme, sodiumchloride and acetat glacial acids on Teichmann’s test and no reaction between heme and Takayama’s reagen onTakayama’s test. The conclusions of this study, crystal hemoglobin were not found on bloodstain exposed by sodiumhypochloryte using Teichmann’s test and Takayama’s test.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Pulmonary Comorbidities and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maricica Pacurari ◽  
Amal Mitra ◽  
Timothy Turner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Made In

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with an unknown etiology mainly characterized by a progressive decline of lung function due to the scarring of the tissue deep in the lungs. The overall survival after diagnosis remains low between 3 and 5 years. IPF is a heterogeneous disease and much progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the disease mechanisms that contributed to the development of two new drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which improved the therapeutic management of the disease. The understanding of the cofactors and comorbidities of IPF also contributed to improved management of the disease outcome. In the present review, we evaluate scientific evidence which indicates IPF as a risk factor for other diseases based on the complexity of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the disease development and of comorbidities. We conclude from the existing literature that while much progress has been made in understating the mechanisms involved in IPF development, further studies are still necessary to fully understand IPF pathogenesis which will contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for IPF management as well as other diseases for which IPF is a major risk factor.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology in Sri Lanka: Curing between Medicine and Traditional Culture

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Chandani Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lay People

Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown origin (CKDu) has appeared across Sri Lanka’s North Central Province (NCP) since the 1990s as an epidemic, unexplained by conventional associated risk factors. During the past few decades, a large number of studies attempted to determine the unknown etiology of CKDu. Despite these investigations, no concrete conclusions were developed, though a number of contradictory hypotheses emerged. The present ethnographic study was carried out in two endemic areas, labelled as “CKDu hotspots”, and illuminates how curing takes place between biomedicine and traditional cultural practices. Our ethnographic study thoroughly scrutinized three decades of lived experience, lay-perceptions and local discourses on CKDu. We used a qualitative study design with a transcendental phenomenological approach and employed a mixture of ethnographic methods. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data was analysed by using an interpretive thematic analysis model. Findings revealed that lay people have constructed a popular discourse on CKDu, and we explored their views on the origin, etiology and prevalence of CKDu in their locality over the past few decades. Patients’ narratives revealed that there were currently a number of gaps in service delivery. These were mainly due to distant relationships between healthcare providers and CKDu patients. Lay people in affected communities were marginalized throughout the investigation process to determine the unknown etiology, their involvement marginalized to merely acting as objects for scientific instigation. The affected communities strongly believed that CKDu was a recent phenomenon resulting from the mismanagement of the natural environment due to social and lifestyle changes. These findings highlight local dynamics of healthcare seeking behaviours which demand complementary medicine system, particularly given the number of limitations in the biomedical system. Empirical evidence generated from this study suggests a conceptual shift to an ethno-medical model to address CKDu. Improving cultural competency and communication skills among healthcare providers in public health are crucial in order to apply a “bio-psychosocial perspective” in healthcare delivery system and bridging the gap between hospital and the community.

Observations on Indoxyl in the Urine of Epileptics: A Preliminary Contribution on Epileptic Metabolism

1911 ◽  
Vol 57 (237) ◽  
pp. 312-320
Author(s):  
Leonard D. H. Baugh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Clinical Accuracy ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Work Done

Undoubtedly in the past, the prominence of the major seizures in epilepsy led to a focussing of attention on the fit itself, while the accompanying phenomena were ignored or received scant attention. More recently the study of the phenomena associated with the seizures has increased our knowledge, and we realise that by epilepsy we refer to a “symptom-complex” (1). With regard to metabolic processes which occur, and which appear to be of importance, very little has been elucidated, although much work has been done on examination of body fluids, etc. With the hope that it may induce others to join in an endeavour to throw some light on these processes, this is presented, as a preliminary contribution from work done here on the study of epileptic metabolism. The paper is devoted mainly to the consideration of the indoxyl voided in the urine. The clinical examination of the urine of epileptics has been carried on since December, 1905. In the paper attention is drawn to brief summaries which show some of the variations in the output of indoxyl, and a modification of Jaffe's test submitted, which, it is considered, makes for greater clinical accuracy.

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