Electron Microscopy of the Developing Cotton Fiber

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 128-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. Berlin ◽  
James C. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Lint Fiber

Cotton fibers are single cells that arise by virtue of elongation of certain cells in the outer epidermal layer of the outer integument of the cottonseed. Guard cells are present in this epidermal layer of the cottonseed, but the majority of the cells are cuboidal in nature (Fig. A). These cuboidal cells either elongate to become lint fibers or fuzz fibers or fail to elongate and simply remain as epidermal cells. Initiation of elongation of epidermal cells that ultimately become lint fibers occurs at anthesis. The mature lint fiber is a single cell having a diameter of some 20 micra and which is frequently over an inch in length.

scholarly journals Study of Cotton Fiber Surface After Thermal Processing in the Vacuum Chamber by the Method of Scanning Electron Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
N. Zhogashtiev ◽  
Y. Tashpolotov ◽  
N. Kalmurzaev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Scanning Electron

The article presents the results of a study of the surface of cotton fibers before and after thermal processing in a vacuum chamber by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that various factors affect the structural and physicochemical properties of an ultrathin composite material based on ultra-dispersed carbon fiber. In this work, the microstructures of an ultrathin composite material obtained based on ultrafine cotton fibers were investigated and a chemical analysis of these fibers was carried out. Based on chemical analysis, it was found that the content of heat-treated cotton fiber is 98.62% during heat treatment (from 1000 to 1200 °C). Along with this, the resulting powder had carbon fibers with sizes from 2.42 to 9.18 μm, and thus ultra-thin fibers have high chemical activity. It is shown that heat treatment of the fiber leads to molecular bonding of the outer layer of the cotton fiber.

scholarly journals LCM and RNA-seq analyses revealed roles of cell cycle and translational regulation and homoeolog expression bias in cotton fiber cell initiation

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumi Ando ◽  
Ryan C. Kirkbride ◽  
Don C. Jones ◽  
Jane Grimwood ◽  
Z. Jeffrey Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Expression Bias ◽  
Homoeolog Expression Bias ◽  
Ribosome Biosynthesis ◽  
Fiber Cell Initiation

Abstract Background Cotton fibers provide a powerful model for studying cell differentiation and elongation. Each cotton fiber is a singular and elongated cell derived from epidermal-layer cells of a cotton seed. Efforts to understand this dramatic developmental shift have been impeded by the difficulty of separation between fiber and epidermal cells. Results Here we employed laser-capture microdissection (LCM) to separate these cell types. RNA-seq analysis revealed transitional differences between fiber and epidermal-layer cells at 0 or 2 days post anthesis. Specifically, down-regulation of putative cell cycle genes was coupled with upregulation of ribosome biosynthesis and translation-related genes, which may suggest their respective roles in fiber cell initiation. Indeed, the amount of fibers in cultured ovules was increased by cell cycle progression inhibitor, Roscovitine, and decreased by ribosome biosynthesis inhibitor, Rbin-1. Moreover, subfunctionalization of homoeologs was pervasive in fiber and epidermal cells, with expression bias towards 10% more D than A homoeologs of cell cycle related genes and 40–50% more D than A homoeologs of ribosomal protein subunit genes. Key cell cycle regulators were predicted to be epialleles in allotetraploid cotton. MYB-transcription factor genes displayed expression divergence between fibers and ovules. Notably, many phytohormone-related genes were upregulated in ovules and down-regulated in fibers, suggesting spatial-temporal effects on fiber cell development. Conclusions Fiber cell initiation is accompanied by cell cycle arrest coupled with active ribosome biosynthesis, spatial-temporal regulation of phytohormones and MYB transcription factors, and homoeolog expression bias of cell cycle and ribosome biosynthesis genes. These valuable genomic resources and molecular insights will help develop breeding and biotechnological tools to improve cotton fiber production.

scholarly journals The Sickle-Unsickle Cycle: A Cause of Cell Fragmentation Leading to Permanently Deformed Cells

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Padilla ◽  
P. A. Bromberg ◽  
W. N. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Deformation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Beam Electron ◽  
Permanent Cell ◽  
Freely Suspended

Abstract We are reporting in vitro observations of sickle-unsickle transformation of freely suspended single cells (HbSS) induced by oxygenation-deoxygenation. The events were recorded by cinematography (phase optics, 16 mm cinematography). In addition, cells were fixed after progressive increments of oxygenation for subsequent scanning-beam electron microscopy. These studies seem to warrant the following conclusions regarding HbSS erythrocytes: (1) There is variability in the propensity to sickling of cells seemingly subjected to the same environment. (2) Repetitive sickling of a single cell does not result in identical sickle deformities. (3) Disk to sickle to disk transformation may occur without apparent membrane loss or distortion or may be accompanied by the shedding of microspherules or by the loss of microspherules and permanent cell deformation. (4) Red cell "flicker" normally seen by phase-contrast cinemicrophotography disappears early in the sickling process and recurs during unsickling. (5) Sickling and unsickling as visually detected required 10-15 sec.

Electron microscopy of keratinocytes cultured on a collagen substrate used as an allograft for the treatment of chronic wounds

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1104-1105
Author(s):  
Debby A. Jennings ◽  
Michael J. Morykwas ◽  
Louis C. Argenta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Cell Suspension ◽  
Collagen Substrate ◽  
Dermal Collagen

Grafts of cultured allogenic or autogenic keratlnocytes have proven to be an effective treatment of chronic wounds and burns. This study utilized a collagen substrate for keratinocyte and fibroblast attachment. The substrate provided mechanical stability and augmented graft manipulation onto the wound bed. Graft integrity was confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy.Bovine Type I dermal collagen sheets (100 μm thick) were crosslinked with 254 nm UV light (13.5 Joules/cm2) to improve mechanical properties and reduce degradation. A single cell suspension of third passage neonatal foreskin fibroblasts were plated onto the collagen. Five days later, a single cell suspension of first passage neonatal foreskin keratinocytes were plated on the opposite side of the collagen. The grafts were cultured for one month.The grafts were fixed in phosphate buffered 4% formaldehyde/1% glutaraldehyde for 24 hours. Graft pieces were then washed in 0.13 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated, and embedded in Polybed 812.

In-Situ Dual Beam (FIBSEM) Techniques for Probe Pad Deposition and Dielectric Integrity Inspection in 0.2 μm Technology DRAM Single Cells

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Zimmermann ◽  
Richard Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Abstract Dual beam FIBSEM systems invite the use of innovative techniques to localize IC fails both electrically and physically. For electrical localization, we present a quick and reliable in-situ FIBSEM technique to deposit probe pads with very low parasitic leakage (Ipara < 4E-11A at 3V). The probe pads were Pt, deposited with ion beam assistance, on top of highly insulating SiOx, deposited with electron beam assistance. The buried plate (n-Band), p-well, wordline and bitline of a failing and a good 0.2 μm technology DRAM single cell were contacted. Both cells shared the same wordline for direct comparison of cell characteristics. Through this technique we electrically isolated the fail to a single cell by detecting leakage between the polysilicon wordline gate and the cell diffusion. For physical localization, we present a completely in-situ FIBSEM technique that combines ion milling, XeF2 staining and SEM imaging. With this technique, the electrically isolated fail was found to be a hole in the gate oxide at the bad cell.

scholarly journals Visually precise, low-damage, single-cell spatial manipulation with single-pixel resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4111-4118
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yunlong Shao ◽  
Boye Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Jingying Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Single Pixel

We achieved the low-damage spatial puncture of single cells at specific visual points with an accuracy of <65 nm.

scholarly journals Single cell transcriptome atlas of mouse mammary epithelial cells across development

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Pal ◽  
Yunshun Chen ◽  
Michael J. G. Milevskiy ◽  
François Vaillant ◽  
Lexie Prokopuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

Abstract Background Heterogeneity within the mouse mammary epithelium and potential lineage relationships have been recently explored by single-cell RNA profiling. To further understand how cellular diversity changes during mammary ontogeny, we profiled single cells from nine different developmental stages spanning late embryogenesis, early postnatal, prepuberty, adult, mid-pregnancy, late-pregnancy, and post-involution, as well as the transcriptomes of micro-dissected terminal end buds (TEBs) and subtending ducts during puberty. Methods The single cell transcriptomes of 132,599 mammary epithelial cells from 9 different developmental stages were determined on the 10x Genomics Chromium platform, and integrative analyses were performed to compare specific time points. Results The mammary rudiment at E18.5 closely aligned with the basal lineage, while prepubertal epithelial cells exhibited lineage segregation but to a less differentiated state than their adult counterparts. Comparison of micro-dissected TEBs versus ducts showed that luminal cells within TEBs harbored intermediate expression profiles. Ductal basal cells exhibited increased chromatin accessibility of luminal genes compared to their TEB counterparts suggesting that lineage-specific chromatin is established within the subtending ducts during puberty. An integrative analysis of five stages spanning the pregnancy cycle revealed distinct stage-specific profiles and the presence of cycling basal, mixed-lineage, and 'late' alveolar intermediates in pregnancy. Moreover, a number of intermediates were uncovered along the basal-luminal progenitor cell axis, suggesting a continuum of alveolar-restricted progenitor states. Conclusions This extended single cell transcriptome atlas of mouse mammary epithelial cells provides the most complete coverage for mammary epithelial cells during morphogenesis to date. Together with chromatin accessibility analysis of TEB structures, it represents a valuable framework for understanding developmental decisions within the mouse mammary gland.

scholarly journals SUGAR-seq enables simultaneous detection of glycans, epitopes, and the transcriptome in single cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. eabe3610
Author(s):  
Conor J. Kearney ◽  
Stephin J. Vervoort ◽  
Kelly M. Ramsbottom ◽  
Izabela Todorovski ◽  
Emily J. Lelliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Simultaneous Integration ◽  
Unique Surface

Multimodal single-cell RNA sequencing enables the precise mapping of transcriptional and phenotypic features of cellular differentiation states but does not allow for simultaneous integration of critical posttranslational modification data. Here, we describe SUrface-protein Glycan And RNA-seq (SUGAR-seq), a method that enables detection and analysis of N-linked glycosylation, extracellular epitopes, and the transcriptome at the single-cell level. Integrated SUGAR-seq and glycoproteome analysis identified tumor-infiltrating T cells with unique surface glycan properties that report their epigenetic and functional state.

scholarly journals Nanopore sequencing of single-cell transcriptomes with scCOLOR-seq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Philpott ◽  
Jonathan Watson ◽  
Anjan Thakurta ◽  
Tom Brown ◽  
Tom Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Fusion Transcript ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Unique Molecular Identifier ◽  
Transcript Detection

AbstractHere we describe single-cell corrected long-read sequencing (scCOLOR-seq), which enables error correction of barcode and unique molecular identifier oligonucleotide sequences and permits standalone cDNA nanopore sequencing of single cells. Barcodes and unique molecular identifiers are synthesized using dimeric nucleotide building blocks that allow error detection. We illustrate the use of the method for evaluating barcode assignment accuracy, differential isoform usage in myeloma cell lines, and fusion transcript detection in a sarcoma cell line.

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